Singakhuluma ngalo mdlavuza wegazi oyingozi, i-Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)?

Ingabe unomkhuhlane ongapheli ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa? Noma uzizwa ukhathele futhi ukhathele? Ngezinye izikhathi, izinto ezincane njengalezi zingase zifihle into enkulu. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo esingathi sína, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela. Leso yi-acute myeloid leukemia, noma i-AML ngamafuphi.

Kuyini i-AML?

Kalula nje, i-Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) uhlobo lomdlavuza oluthinta umongo wakho wegazi kanye negazi. Yisifo esingavamile kodwa esibi kakhulu. Ngokuvamile sibangelwa ukuguquka kwesinye sezakhi zofuzo noma ama-chromosome akho. Sivame kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-60 ubudala. Kodwa-ke, singathinta nentsha kanye nezingane. I-AML ingumdlavuza osakazeka ngokushesha, osongela impilo. Ngenhlanhla, ukwelashwa okusha kuye kwavumela abantu abaningi ukuba baphile isikhathi eside ngalesi sifo.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-AML?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningana ezahlukene ze-AML. Uhlobo ngalunye luthinta inani lamaseli egazini lakho. Kodwa-ke, uhlobo ngalunye lungabangela izimpawu ezahlukene futhi lusabela ngendlela ehlukile ekwelashweni.

Odokotela baxilonga lezi zinhlobo ze-AML ngokuhlola amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Baphinde babheke izinguquko kuma-chromosome akho kanye nokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezithile ezilawula ukukhula kwamangqamuzana.

Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-AML:

• I-Myeloid leukemia: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-AML. Lukhula njengomdlavuza wamaseli akhiqiza ama-neutrophils, uhlobo lwamaseli amhlophe egazi.
• I-acute monocytic leukemia (AML-M5): Lokhu kuvela emaselini akhiqiza uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi elibizwa ngokuthi ama-monocytes.
• I-acute megakaryocytic leukemia (AMLK): Lona umdlavuza wamaseli akhiqiza amaseli abomvu egazi noma ama-platelet.
• I-acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL): Kulokhu, uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi elingakavuthwa elibizwa ngokuthi ama-promyelocytes alukhuli kahle futhi luba amangqamuzana anomdlavuza.

Ivame kangakanani i-AML?

I-AML empeleni iyisifo esingavamile. Ngokwesilinganiso, cishe abantu abadala abangu-4 kwabangu-100,000 bathola lesi sifo minyaka yonke. Futhi, kubikwa ukuthi izingane ezingaba ngu-1,160 zitholakala zine-AML minyaka yonke.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-AML?

Ezigabeni zokuqala, izimpawu ze-AML zingase zizwakale sengathi unesifo somkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane obi osuqhubeke izinsuku ezimbalwa. Kodwa i-AML ingumdlavuza oyingozi kakhulu. Lokho kusho ukuthi,Uzoqala ngokushesha ukuzwa izimpawu ezintsha nezigqamile. Kamuva, ungase uqaphele izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuzizwa njalo unesiyezi.
• Izinto ezifana nokuphuka kalula, ukuphuma kwegazi njalo emakhaleni, kanye nokopha kwezinsini lapho uxubha amazinyo.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu.
• Ukuzizwa ubanda.
• Imfiva.
• Ukujuluka ebusuku.
• Ukutheleleka okuvamile kwenzeka, noma ukutheleleka okwenzekayo kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuphola.
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda.
• Ukudla akunambitheki.
• Ukuba mncane ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• Isikhumba esimpunga.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya).
• Ama-lymph node avuvukele.
• Ukuzizwa ubuthakathaka.
• Ubuhlungu emathanjeni, emhlane, noma esiswini.
• Amabala amancane abomvu esikhumbeni (i-petechiae).
• Amanxeba athatha isikhathi ukuphola.

Ziyini izimbangela ze-AML?

Ochwepheshe abakakazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela i-AML. Kodwa bayazi ukuthi lesi simo senzeka lapho izakhi zofuzo noma ama-chromosome athile emizimbeni yethu eshintsha (eshintsha), okubangela ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana egazi angajwayelekile. Lezi zinguquko zezakhi zofuzo zingafaka:

• Kukhona okuthinte i-DNA yakho ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakho.
• Uma unesifo sofuzo esidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane futhi sandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola i-AML.
• Ngenxa yoshintsho kwezinye zezakhi zofuzo esidoda noma emaqandeni abazali bakho.

Izinguquko zofuzo zibangela kanjani i-AML?

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi lezi zinguquko zofuzo zingaholela kanjani ku-AML, kuyasiza ukwazi okuncane ngomongo wakho wamathambo namaseli egazi. Umongo wakho wamathambo uyizicubu ezithambile, ezithambile enkabeni yamathambo akho amaningi. Wakhiwe yilokhu:

• Kukhiwa amaseli e-stem. Lawa amaseli kamuva aba amaseli abomvu egazi athwala umoya-mpilo, amaseli amhlophe egazi avikela ekuthelelekeni, kanye nama-platelet asiza ukujiya kwegazi.

Ngokuvamile, umongo wakho wethambo usebenza njengomugqa wokukhiqiza ophumelelayo, okwenza inani elifanele lamangqamuzana egazi nama-platelet emzimbeni wakho. Kodwa kumuntu one-AML, umongo wethambo uqala ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana e-myeloid angajwayelekile abizwa ngokuthi ama-myeloid blasts noma ama-myeloblasts.

Lawa maseli e-myeloid blast awaziphatha njengamaseli egazi ajwayelekile. Amaseli ajwayelekile athola imiyalelo evela ku-genes yawo mayelana nokuthi kufanele ahlukane futhi akhule nini futhi ngokushesha kangakanani. Lapho amaseli eguga, ayafa ukuze kuvele amaseli amasha emnkantsheni wamathambo. Kodwa amaseli e-myeloid blast awalandeli le miyalelo. Ahlukana ngokungalawuleki futhi awafi. Njengoba amaseli e-myeloid blast eqhubeka nokugcwalisa umnkantshe wamathambo, asikho isikhala samaseli egazi anempilo. Ngenxa yokuthi asikho isikhala, umnkantshe wamathambo uyayeka ukwenza amaseli egazi anempilo. Ngaphandle kwamaseli egazi amasha anempilo, umzimba awutholi izinto ozidingayo ukuze usebenze kahle.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba la maseli e-myeloid blast eqhubeka nokuhlukana, aphuma emnkantsheni wethambo aye egazini. Uma esesegazini, la maseli e-myeloid aya kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, okuhlanganisa nesimiso sakho sezinzwa esiyinhloko, ubuchopho, kanye nomgogodla.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zokuthuthukisa i-AML?

Nakuba ochwepheshe bengazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okuholela ku-AML, bayazi ngezinto ezithile (izinto eziyingozi) ezandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola lesi sifo. (Uma sicabanga ngezinto eziyingozi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuba nezici eziyingozi akusho ukuthi uzothola lesi sifo. ) Izici eziyingozi ze-AML zifaka:

• Ubudala: Cishe ingxenye yabantu abathola i-AML baneminyaka engu-65 noma ngaphezulu uma bexilongwa. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, i-AML ivame ukwenzeka nakubantu abadala, kodwa ingenzeka nasezinganeni.
• Ukubhema: Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokuphefumula intuthu yomuntu obhemayo.
• Ukwelashwa komdlavuza: Izinto ezifana ne-chemotherapy kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe.
• Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ezintweni ezithile ezibangela umdlavuza: Izibonelo zifaka izinto ezifana ne-benzene ne-formaldehyde.
• Ukuchayeka emisebeni eminingi evela engozini yesiphehli senuzi noma ibhomu le-athomu.
• Ezinye izifo zofuzo ezizuzwe njengefa.
• Ezinye izinkinga zomnkantsha wamathambo.

Yiziphi izifo zofuzo ezandisa ingozi ye-AML?

Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi ezinye izinguquko zezakhi zofuzo ezizuzwe njengefa zandisa ingozi yokuthola i-AML. Ezinye zalezi zifo zifaka:

• I-Down syndrome
• I-Ataxia telangiectasia
• I-Li-Fraumeni syndrome
• Isifo se-Klinefelter
• I-Fanconi anemia
• I-Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome - Lokhu kuthinta ukukhiqizwa kwama-platelet.
• I-Bloom syndrome
• I-Familial Platelet Disorder syndrome - Lesi futhi yisifo esihlobene nama-platelet.

Yiziphi izifo zomnkantsha ezandisa ingozi ye-AML?

Abanye abantu abane-myeloproliferative neoplasms, noma izifo ze-myeloproliferative, bangaba ne-acute myeloid leukemia. (I-Myelo isho umongo wamathambo. I-proliferative isho ukukhula kakhulu.) Abantu abanezimo ezilandelayo nabo basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-AML:

• I-Polycythemia vera
• I-Myelofibrosis
• I-Thrombocytosis
• I-Myelodysplastic syndrome
• I-anemia ye-Aplastic

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-AML?

Ezigabeni zayo zokuqala, i-acute myeloid leukemia ithinta inani lamaseli abomvu egazi aphilile, amaseli amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet emzimbeni wakho. Uma ungenawo amaseli egazi anempilo anele nama-platelet, ungase ubhekane nezimo ezifana nalezi:

• I-anemia - lokho kusho ukuntuleka kwegazi.
• I-Thrombocytopenia - Lokhu kusho ukuntuleka kwama-platelet.
• I-Pancytopenia - Lokhu kusho ukwehla kwazo zonke izinhlobo zamaseli egazi nama-platelet.

Itholakala kanjani i-AML? (Ukuxilongwa)

Odokotela basebenzisa izivivinyo eziningana ukuze baxilonge i-AML, okuhlanganisa nezivivinyo zofuzo ukuze kutholakale uhlobo oluqondile lwe-AML. Isinyathelo sokuqala ngokuvamile ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlola ukushaqeka, ukopha, kanye nokutheleleka. Bahlola nokuvuvukala kwezitho zomzimba njengesibindi, udende, kanye nama-lymph node.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisetshenziswa ukuxilonga i-AML?

Kungadingeka ukuthi wenze olunye noma ngaphezulu lwalezi zivivinyo:

• Inani legazi eliphelele (i-CBC)
• I-smear yegazi elingaphandle - Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula yegazi bese ulibheka ngaphansi kwe-microscope.
• I-Bone Marrow Biopsy - Kulokhu, kuthathwa isampula encane yomongo wethambo bese ihlolwa.
• Ukumpompa komgogodla - Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kwenziwa ukuhlola amangqamuzana omdlavuza oketshezini oluzungeze umgogodla.

Yiziphi izivivinyo zofuzo ezisetshenziswa ukuxilonga i-AML?

Odokotela bezifo zezokwelapha benza izivivinyo zofuzo ukuze bathole uhlobo oluqondile lwe-AML. Babheka izinguquko (ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo) kuma-chromosome noma kuma-gene athile. Uma uhlobo lwe-AML selwaziwa, kulula ngodokotela ukunquma ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezingasetshenziswa kakhulu ukwelapha i-AML. Ezinye zezivivinyo ezithile ezenziwa ngale njongo yilezi:

• I-Immunohistochemistry: Kulokhu, amaseli afakwa umbala futhi ahlolwe ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Indlela yokufaka umbala iyahlukahluka kuye ngamakhemikhali akhona kumaseli.
• I-Flow cytometry.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Karyotype.
• I-Fluorescence-in-situ-hybridization (FISH): Lokhu kungabona izinguquko kuma-chromosome.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-AML?

Izinketho zokwelapha zifaka phakathi i-chemotherapy, ukwelashwa okuqondiwe (kufaka phakathi ukwelashwa kwe-monoclonal antibody), noma ukufakelwa kwe-allogeneic stem cell. Izinketho zokwelapha ezifanayo ziyatholakala kokubili kubantu abadala nasezinganeni. Umgomo wokugcina wokwelashwa ukufeza ukuthethelelwa okuphelele kwe-AML.Ku-AML, 'ukwelashwa okuphelele' kusho ukuthi inani legazi lakho lijwayelekile ekuhlolweni. Kusho nokuthi odokotela abakwazi ukubona noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza uma bebheka isampula yomnkantsha wakho ngaphansi kwe-microscope.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kwe-AML

Kunezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-chemotherapy ye-AML - ukuqaliswa, ukuhlanganiswa, kanye nokugcinwa.

Ukwelashwa kokungeniswa kokuxolelwa

Lesi yisinyathelo sokuqala sokuqeda i-AML ngokuphelele. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa. Abanye abantu bangadinga imijikelezo emibili noma ngaphezulu yalokhu kwelashwa kokuqala ukuze baqede i-AML ngokuphelele. Odokotela bangasebenzisa imithi elandelayo ye-chemotherapy kulokhu kwelashwa kokuqala:

• I-Cytarabine (i-Cytosar-U®)
• I-Daunorubicin (i-Cerubidine®)
• I-Idarubicin (Idamycin®)
• I-Azacitidine (i-Vidaza®)
• I-Decitabine (i-Dacogen®)
• I-Glasdegib (Daurismo®)
• I-Venetoclax (i-Venclexta®, i-Venclyxto®)

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, lezi zindlela zokwelapha zokuqala:

• Izingane ezingaphezu kuka-60% kanye nentsha ziyalulama.
• Cishe ama-75% abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-60 nangaphansi bayalulama.
• Cishe abantu abangu-50% abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 bayalulama.

Ukwelashwa kokuhlanganisa

Ukwelashwa kokuhlanganisa kusetshenziselwa ukubulala noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele. Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yokuthi umdlavuza uphinde ubuye (uphinde ubuye). Iningi labantu linikezwa i-cytarabine (Ara-C) noma i-HiDAC enomthamo ophezulu izinsuku ezinhlanu inyanga ngayinye izinyanga ezintathu kuya kwezine.

Ukwelashwa kokulungisa

Esikhathini esiningi, i-AML iyelapheka ngokwelashwa kokuhlanganisa. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, odokotela bangase batuse ukuqhubeka nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ngemithamo ephansi. Ukwelashwa kokulungisa kungaqhubeka izinyanga noma iminyaka. Imithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali esetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kokulungisa ingafaka:

• I-Azacitidine (i-Vidaza®)
• I-Decitabine (i-Dacogen®)
• I-Midostaurin (Rydapt®)

Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe

Njengoba igama lisho, lokhu kwelashwa kuhlose izinguquko ezithile zofuzo kumaseli omdlavuza. Ngokuhlose lezi zinguquko, amaseli omdlavuza ayayeka ukukhula. Ukwelashwa ngama-antibody e-monoclonal nakho kuyindlela yokwelapha eqondiwe. Odokotela bangasebenzisa izindlela zokwelapha eziqondiwe ukwelapha i-AML engaphendulanga ku-chemotherapy noma ebuye yabuya:

• Odokotela bangasebenzisa imithi ye-chemotherapy i-Midostaurin (Rydapt®) noma i-Gilteritinib (Xospata®) ukwelapha iziguli ze-AML ezine-FTL3 gene mutation. Lokhu kuguquka kutholakala kubantu abangu-25% kuya ku-30% abane-AML.
• I-Enasidenib (IDHIFA®) noma i-Ivosidenib (Tibsovo®) ingasetshenziswa ukwelapha abantu abane-AML ngenxa yokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo zabo ze-X.

Ukufakelwa kweseli le-stem le-allogeneic

Ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell ye-allogeneic kusebenzisa ama-stem cell avela kumuntu ohlobene naye noma ongahlobene naye. Odokotela bangathola la ma-stem cell kusuka ku-bone morrow, igazi elingaphandle, noma igazi le-cord (igazi eliqoqwe kusuka ku-umbilical cord ngemuva kokuzalwa).

Izinkinga zokwelapha noma imiphumela emibi

Cishe zonke izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza zinemiphumela emibi. Ku-AML, ukufakelwa kwamaseli e-stem kunemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kungabangela isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-myelosuppression, okusho ukuthi umzimba wakho ulahlekelwa inani elijwayelekile lamaseli egazi nama-platelet. Imiphumela emibi yezindlela zokwelapha eziqondiwe iyahlukahluka kuye ngomuthi osetshenzisiwe.

Ukuqonda imiphumela emibi kubalulekile ukuze wazi ukuthi ukwelashwa komdlavuza kuzothinta kanjani impilo yakho yansuku zonke. Udokotela wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu omaziyo ngemiphumela emibi ethile yokwelashwa kwakho. Abanye abantu bangase bazuze ekunakekelweni kokwelapha ubuhlungu ukuze basize ekulawuleni imiphumela emibi.

Ingabe i-AML ingalapheka ngokuphelele?

Njengamanje, ukufakelwa kwe-allogeneic stem cell kuyindlela kuphela yokwelapha ngokuphelele i-acute myeloid leukemia. Kuye ngesimo sakho, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell njengokwelashwa kwakho kokuqala kwe-AML. Noma, uma i-AML yakho ibuya zingakapheli izinyanga ezingu-12, lokhu kwelashwa kungaphakanyiswa. Ngeshwa, akuwona wonke umuntu ofanelekela ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell.

Iyini i-prognosis ye-AML?

Uma kukhulunywa ngokubikezela kwe-acute myeloid leukemia, kunezici ezimbili. Esinye ukuphulukiswa okuphelele. Esinye ukuphinda kuvele, okuyilapho i-AML iphinde ivele khona.

• Sekukonke, kulinganiselwa ukuthi phakathi kuka-50% no-80% wabantu abane-acute myeloid leukemia bazolulama ngokuphelele ngemva kokwelashwa. Izingane nabantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-60 banamathuba amaningi okululama ngokuphelele. Lokhu kululama kungahlala izinyanga noma iminyaka.
• Cishe abantu abangu-50% abalulama ngokuphelele bazophinde babe ne-AML. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, odokotela bangase batuse ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali okwengeziwe noma ukufakelwa i-stem cell. Bangase futhi basikisele ukubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo.

Uma wena noma ingane yakho ine-AML, buza udokotela wakho ngalokho ongakulindela.

Lingakanani izinga lokusinda kweziguli ezine-AML?

I-acute myeloid leukemia iyisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Ngenxa yokuthi kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-AML, kunzima ukunikeza isibikezelo esiqondile.

Isibonelo, izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu yezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-15 lingu-67%. Kodwa ezinye izifundo ziphakamisa ukuthi izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu yezingane ezine-subtype APL lingaphezu kuka-80%. Ubudala nabo budlala indima. Ngokwesilinganiso, ama-30% abantu abadala abane-AML basinda eminyakeni emihlanu ngemva kokuxilongwa. Khumbula, i-AML ivame ukwenzeka kubantu abaneminyaka engu-60 nangaphezulu, futhi abangase babe nezinye izinkinga zempilo.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi la mazinga okusinda abonisa okuhlangenwe nakho kwamaqembu amakhulu abantu abane-AML. Le datha ihlanganisa amazinga okusinda kusukela ngo-2012 kuya ku-2018, futhi manje sekukhona izindlela ezintsha nezisebenza kahle zokwelapha i-AML.

Izinto eziningi zithinta ukuthi uzophila isikhathi esingakanani ne-acute myeloid leukemia. Lokhu kusho ukuthi odokotela bakho, abazi umlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nempilo yakho iyonke, bangabantu abangcono kakhulu okufanele bazi ngalokhu.

Ingabe i-AML ingavinjelwa?

Cha, i-acute myeloid leukemia ayinakuvinjelwa. Nakuba ochwepheshe bazi ukuthi i-AML ibangelwa izinguquko zofuzo, abazi ukuthi iyibangelani. Kodwa bayazi ngezinto ezingabangela i-AML. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezingabangela ingozi ongazishintsha:

• Ukubhema: Lokhu kufaka phakathi intuthu ebhemayo. Uma ubhema, zama ukuyeka. Uma uhlala noma usebenza nomuntu obhemayo, zama ukunciphisa isikhathi osichitha naye lapho ebhema.
• Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kumakhemikhali athile abangela umdlavuza: ikakhulukazi i-benzene ne-formaldehyde. Uma usebenza nalezi zinto ezibangela umdlavuza, thatha zonke izinyathelo zokuphepha, njengokugqoka izingubo zokuzivikela.

Ngizinakekela kanjani? (Ukuzinakekela)

Ukuphila nomdlavuza ongabuya akulula. Ukujoyina izinhlelo zokusinda kumdlavuza kungenye yezindlela ongazinakekela ngazo. Ungase ungakwazi ukuvimba i-acute myeloid leukemia ukuthi ibuye. Kodwa ungathatha izinyathelo zokuhlala uphilile ngangokunokwenzeka, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenzekani. Nazi ezinye iziphakamiso:

• Ukwelashwa kwe-acute myeloid leukemia kungathinta ukudla kwakho.Udinga ukudla kahle ukuze uhlale unamandla. Uma unenkinga yokudla, khuluma nochwepheshe wezokudla.
• Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa kwe-AML ingaba nzima ukuyilawula. Uma kudingeka, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokunakekelwa kokunciphisa ubuhlungu.
• Umdlavuza uyinkinga ecindezela kakhulu. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kungakusiza ukuthi ulawule ukucindezeleka. Kodwa khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala uhlelo olusha nolunzima lokuzivocavoca.
• Umdlavuza ungakwenza uzizwe unesizungu. I-AML iyisifo esingavamile. Ungase uzizwe ukhathazekile ngokukhuluma ngesimo sakho. Uma kunjalo, cabanga ngokujoyina iqembu lokusekelana.
• I-acute myeloid leukemia ingakwenza uzizwe ukhathele kakhulu. Ukwelashwa kungakuqeda amandla. Khumbula ukulala ngokwanele.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uzobona udokotela wakho njalo phakathi nokululama kwakho, ikakhulukazi uma uthola ukwelashwa kokunakekelwa. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezingaba yizimpawu zokuthi i-AML yakho iyabuya. Lokhu kuzokusiza wazi ukuthi kufanele uxhumane nini naye ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okusha noma okwengeziwe.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Uma une-AML, ungase ufune ukuzibuza le mibuzo:

• Nginaluphi uhlobo lwe-AML?
• Yiziphi izindlela zami zokwelapha?
• Ziyini izingozi nemiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?
• Ngingabhekana kanjani nemiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?
• Ngidinga ukunakekelwa okulandelayo okunjani ngemva kokwelashwa?
• Ingabe kufanele ngiqaphele izimpawu zezinkinga?
• Ingabe kukhona ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo okufanele ngikucabangele?

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

I-Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) umdlavuza ongavamile othinta umongo wakho wegazi kanye negazi. I-AML ivame ukuthinta abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-65, kodwa ingathinta nezingane kanye nabantu abadala abasebasha. Ngenxa yezindlela zokwelapha ezintsha, abantu abaningi manje sebephila ne-AML ngemuva kokwelashwa. Nakuba umdlavuza ungabuya, abacwaningi bezokwelapha bayaqhubeka nokucwaninga izindlela zokwelapha i-AML ebuyayo.

Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninesifo se-myeloid leukemia esibi, ningase nizizwe sengathi niphonswe emhlabathini oqinile olwandle olungaqinisekile. Ningase nizibuze ukuthi ukwelashwa kuzokulethela yini impumuzo. Uma kunjalo, ningase nikhathazeke ngokuthi lokho kuphumula kuzohlala isikhathi esingakanani. Odokotela bakho bayaqonda ukuthi uzizwa kanjani. Bazoba nawe njengoba ubhekene nezinselele ze-AML. Ngakho-ke hlala uqinile futhi ungangabazi ukuthola usizo oludingayo.

I- Acute myeloid leukemia, i-AML, umdlavuza wegazi, umongo wamathambo, izimpawu, i-chemotherapy, ukufakelwa kweseli le-stem