Ingabe uzizwa ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi, uzizwa ungenampilo, futhi umbala wesikhumba sakho ushintsha kancane kancane? Mhlawumbe unesifiso esingajwayelekile sosawoti. Sivame ukunganaki izimpawu ezinjalo njengezivamile. Kodwa-ke, lezi zingaba izimpawu zesifo esingaphakathi emzimbeni wethu esingajwayelekile kangako, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukusibona kahle. Namuhla sikhuluma ngesifo esingavamile kangaka, kodwa uma siphathwa kahle, ungaphila impilo evamile. Leso yisifo sika-Addison .
Kalula nje, siyini isifo sika-Addison?
Kulungile, ake sichaze lokhu kalula. Sinezindlala ezimbili ezincane, ezimise okwesicaba, njengesigqoko, ngaphezu kwezinso zethu. Lezi sizibiza ngokuthi izindlala ze-adrenal . Lezi ziyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lwethu lwe-endocrine.
Isifo sika-Addison yisimo lapho izindlala ze-adrenal zingakhiqizi ngokwanele ama-hormone amabili abalulekile, i-cortisol ne -aldosterone .
Sidingani la ma-hormone amabili?
- I-Cortisol: Lena yi-hormone ebalulekile empilweni. Isiza imizimba yethu ukuthi ibhekane nokucindezeleka, njengalapho sigula, senza ingozi, noma sihlinzwa. Isiza futhi ekulawuleni umfutho wegazi, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, ukusebenza kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, kanye namazinga kashukela egazini.
- I-Aldosterone: Le hormone isiza ukulinganisela amaminerali i-sodium (usawoti) kanye ne-potassium emizimbeni yethu. Iphinde ilawule ukuthi izinso zethu zikhipha uketshezi olungakanani njengomchamo. Lokhu kuthinta ngqo umfutho wegazi lethu.
Isifo sika-Addison saziwa nangokuthi ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-adrenal okuyinhloko . Kukhona esinye isimo esihlobene naso, esibizwa ngokuthi ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-adrenal okwesibili . Kulesi simo, i-pituitary gland ebuchosheni ayikhiphi ngokwanele i-hormone i-ACTH , evuselela izindlala ze-adrenal ukuthi zikhiqize i-cortisol. Kodwa namuhla sikhuluma kakhulu ngenkinga eyenzeka ezindlaleni ze-adrenal ngokwazo.
Umehluko phakathi kwesifo sika-Addison nesifo sika-Cushing
Ungase udideke phakathi kwala magama amabili. Lawa magama amabili ayizimo eziphikisana ngokuphelele.
| Isici | Isifo sika-Addison | I-Cushing's Syndrome |
|---|---|---|
| Inkinga eyinhloko | I-cortisol enganele (ne-aldosterone) emzimbeni. | Ukwanda kwe -cortisol emzimbeni (i-hypercortisolism). |
| Izici ezivamile | Ukwehlisa isisindo, ukuba mnyama kwesikhumba, umfutho wegazi ophansi. | Ukukhuluphala, ubuso obuyindilinga, umfutho wegazi ophakeme. |
Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi sifo? Sivame kangakanani?
Nakuba isifo sika-Addison singathinta abantu banoma yimuphi ubudala, sivame kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-30 no-50 .
Empeleni lesi yisimo esingavamile kakhulu . Isibonelo, eMelika, lesi sifo sithinta cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu. Kodwa kukhona nabantu abanalesi sifo ezweni lakithi.
Kunabantu abasengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo. Labo ngabantu abanezinye izifo ezihlasela amasosha omzimba . Okusho ukuthi, izifo lapho amasosha omzimba wethu ehlasela khona amangqamuzana ethu. Uma sinezifo ezinjalo, ingozi yokuthola isifo sika-Addison iphakeme.
- Isifo sikashukela sohlobo I
- I-anemia eyingozi
- Isifo samathuna
- I-thyroiditis engapheli
- I-Vitiligo - amabala amhlophe esikhumbeni
- I-Myasthenia gravis
Ziyini izimpawu zesifo sika-Addison?
Esifweni sika-Addison, ukulimala kwezindlala ze-adrenal kuvame ukwenzeka kancane kakhulu, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, izimpawu zivela kancane kancane. Lezi zimpawu zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu.
| Izimpawu ezivamile ezibonakala kancane kancane | |
|---|---|
| Isici esivame kakhulu | Ukukhathala okungapheli okukhula kancane kancane, okungachazeki. |
| Izinguquko zesikhumba | Ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba okunsundu/okumnyama, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinezibazi, imibimbi yesikhumba (njengezingalo, imisipha), kanye nezinsini (i-Hyperpigmentation). |
| Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla | Ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla, kanye nokwehla kwesisindo. |
| Ezinye izici | Ubuhlungu bemisipha namalunga, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, isiyezi lapho umi (ngenxa yomfutho wegazi ophansi), ukucasuka, ukucindezeleka, ukunxanela usawoti ngokweqile, kanye noshukela ophansi egazini (hypoglycemia). |
Abesifazane bangase babe nezimpawu ezifana nokuya esikhathini okungajwayelekile, ukuqothuka kwezinwele emzimbeni, kanye nokuncipha kwesifiso sobulili.
Isimo esiphuthumayo esidinga ukunakekelwa: Inkinga ye-Addisonian
Ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokutheleleka okukhulu, ingozi, noma ukucindezeleka okukhulu, lezi zimpawu zingaba zimbi kakhulu ngokuzumayo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Addisonian Crisis noma i-acute adrenal failure . Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha futhi esingasongela ngisho nokuphila!
Izimpawu zenkinga ye-Addisonian:
- Ubuthakathaka obungabekezeleleki, obungavamile.
- Ubuhlungu obungazelelwe, obukhulu emhlane ongezansi, esiswini, noma emilenzeni.
- Izinguquko zengqondo ezifana nokungahlaliseki, ukudideka, kanye nemizwa yokwesaba.
- Ukuhlanza okukhulu kanye nohudo (lokhu kungaholela ekuphelelweni amanzi emzimbeni ngokushesha).
- Umfutho wegazi wehla kakhulu.
- Ukulahlekelwa ingqondo.
Uma wena noma othile omaziyo eba nalezi zimpawu, myise ngokushesha eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.
Yiziphi izimbangela zesifo sika-Addison?
Imbangela eyinhloko nevame kakhulu yesifo sika-Addison ukusabela kokuzivikela komzimba.Kalula nje, uhlelo lwethu lokuzivikela (uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba) luhlasela ngephutha futhi lubhubhise ingxenye engaphandle yezindlala zethu ze-adrenal (i-adrenal cortex). Isizathu esiqondile sokuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka asikaziwa okwamanje. Izimpawu ziqala ukuvela ngemva kokuba cishe ama-90% alezi zindlala esebhujisiwe. Lokhu kungathatha izinyanga, noma ngisho neminyaka.
Lokhu kuyimbangela yama-75% eziguli zika-Addison.
Ezinye izimbangela ezingavamile:
- Isifo Sofuba: Lesi kwakuyimbangela enkulu esikhathini esidlule. Siseyimbangela ebalulekile emazweni asathuthuka.
- Ukutheleleka okuphindaphindiwe: Ukutheleleka okuhlobene ne-HIV/AIDS kanye nokutheleleka kwesikhunta.
- Umdlavuza: Ukusabalala kwamaseli omdlavuza kusuka kwenye indawo kuya ezindlaleni ze-adrenal.
- Ukopha kwegazi ezindlaleni ze-adrenal.
- Ukususwa kwezindlala ze-adrenal ngokuhlinzwa.
- I-Amyloidosis: Isifo lapho uhlobo oluthile lweprotheni luqongelela khona ezithweni zomzimba bese luzilimaza.
Ungasithola kanjani lesi sifo? (Ukuxilongwa)
Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu zivela kancane kakhulu futhi zivame kwezinye izifo eziningi, isifo sika-Addison singaba nzima ukusithola ezigabeni zokuqala. Ngokuvamile, lesi sifo sitholakala "ngokungahleliwe." Odokotela bangase basole lokhu uma bethola amazinga aphansi e-sodium kanye namazinga aphezulu e-potassium egazini ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile kwesinye isimo. Futhi, ukuguquka kwesikhumba kube uphawu olukhulu oluholela ekusolweni kwalesi sifo.
Uma udokotela wakho esola lokhu ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zakho, uzoyala ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuqinisekisa lesi sifo.
Ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga:
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kulinganisa amazinga e-sodium, potassium, cortisol, kanye nama-hormone e-ACTH. Esifweni sika-Addison, i-cortisol iphansi kanti amazinga e-ACTH aphezulu.
- Ukuhlolwa kokukhuthazwa kwe-ACTH: Lolu ukuhlolwa okuyinhloko okusetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Kulolu vivinyo, i-hormone ye-ACTH yokwenziwa inikezwa njengomjovo, futhi izinga le-cortisol egazini lakho lilinganiswa cishe ngemva kwehora. Uma izindlala zakho ze-adrenal ziphilile, izinga lakho le-cortisol kufanele likhuphuke. Kodwa-ke, uma lingasebenzi, liqinisekisa ukuthi izindlala zakho ze-adrenal azisebenzi kahle.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-hypoglycemia okubangelwa yi-insulin: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi izimpawu zakho zibangelwa yini inkinga nge-pituitary gland.
- I-CT scan: I-CT scan ingenziwa ukuhlola ukuthi izindlala zakho ze-adrenal zonakele, zinegciwane, noma zinciphile yini ngobukhulu.
Iphathwa kanjani?
Indlela eyinhloko yokwelapha isifo sika-Addison ukuthi,Ukwelashwa Kokushintshwa Kwama-Hormone (HRT) inqubo yokushintsha ama-hormone antulekayo emzimbeni ngendlela yamaphilisi okwenziwa.
Ngenxa yokuthi lesi yisifo esingamahlalakhona, kuzodingeka uthathe lo muthi impilo yakho yonke .
- Kunikezwa umuthi obizwa ngokuthi i-hydrocortisone esikhundleni se-hormone i-cortisol .
- Kunikezwa umuthi obizwa ngokuthi i-fludrocortisone esikhundleni se-hormone i-aldosterone .
Umthamo wale mithi uyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu. Futhi, udokotela wakho angandisa umthamo wakho okwesikhashana ukuze avimbele inkinga ye-Addisonian uma uhlangabezana nesenzakalo esicindezelayo, njengokutheleleka, ingozi, noma ukuhlinzwa.
Uma uthatha i-fludrocortisone, udokotela wakho uzokweluleka ukuthi wengeze usawoti owengeziwe ekudleni kwakho, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezulu esishisayo nesijulukayo kanye nangemva kokuzivocavoca okunzima.
Ukuphila nalesi sifo nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze
Ngokwelashwa okufanele, umuntu onesifo sika-Addison angaphila impilo ejwayelekile nenempilo . Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina umthamo ofanele wemithi.
Uma umthamo womuthi uphezulu kakhulu, imiphumela emibi efana nokukhuluphala ngokweqile, isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, i-osteoporosis, kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme ingenzeka. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wakho njalo (ngokuvamile udokotela we-endocrinologist) bese uhlolwa ngokufanele ukuze ugcine umthamo ofanele womuthi.
Izinto okufanele uzenze ukuze uphephe:
- Gqoka njalo ikhadi lomazisi noma isongo/umgexo wesaziso sezokwelapha. Lokhu kuzosiza abasebenzi bezokwelapha bazi ukuthi unesifo sika-Addison uma ulahlekelwa ingqondo ngesikhathi esiphuthumayo.
- Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokugcina umjovo we-cortisol eduze uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo. Futhi, fundisa ilungu lomndeni noma othandekayo wakho ukuthi angakunikeza kanjani umjovo.
- Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi wenzeni uma uzizwa ugula noma ucindezelekile kakhulu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, umthamo wemithi yakho ungadinga ukulungiswa.
- Qhubeka ubona udokotela wakho.
Ukwazi ukuthi unesifo esingamahlalakhona kungaba yinto ekhathazayo ngokomzwelo. Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi isifo sika-Addison silawulwa kahle ngemithi. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuxhumana njalo nodokotela wakho futhi uthole ukwelashwa okudingayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isifo sika-Addison yisimo lapho izindlala ze-adrenal zingakhiqizi khona ama-hormone anele i-cortisol ne-aldosterone.
- Izimpawu eziyinhloko zifaka phakathi ukukhathala okungapheli ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo, ukuba mnyama kwesikhumba nezinsini, kanye nokulangazelela ngokweqile ukudla okunosawoti.
- "Inkinga ye-Addisonian" iyisimo esiphuthumayo esisongela ukuphila esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.
- Ukwelashwa kuwukuthatha amaphilisi ama-hormone aphansi impilo yonke.
- Ngokwelashwa okufanele, ungaphila impilo evamile nenempilo, kodwa kubalulekile ukuxhumana nodokotela wakho.
- Uma unalesi sifo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze uphephe ukugqoka ikhadi lesexwayiso sezokwelapha noma isongo futhi ube nohlelo oluphuthumayo.
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