Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi ukuthola kunzima ukugxila emsebenzini owodwa? Noma ingabe wenza into ngesikhathi esisodwa ngaphandle kokucabanga ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuyenza? Mhlawumbe uhlala ungenaso isizungu futhi awukwazi ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa. Uma lezi zinto zithinta impilo yakho yansuku zonke, umsebenzi, kanye nobudlelwano, kungaba yisimo esikhuluma ngaso namuhla esibizwa ngokuthi i-ADHD yabantu abadala . Empeleni lesi yisimo esivamile kubantu abaningi, kodwa esingaqashelwa kahle. Ngakho-ke ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe, kalula.
Kuyini i-ADHD yabantu abadala?
Kalula nje, i-ADHD yabantu abadala (i-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) yisimo sokuthuthukiswa kwemizwa esithinta ukusebenza kobuchopho. Izimpawu zaso eziyinhloko ubunzima bokugcina ukunaka, ukushesha, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukushesha. Lokhu akusikho ubuvila bakho, futhi akusikho ukukhubazeka kobuntu. Lesi yisimo esaziwayo ngokwezokwelapha.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi i-ADHD akuyona into evelela ngokuzumayo lapho umuntu ekhula. Akubona bonke abantu abadala abane-ADHD abaye baba nale nkinga kusukela ebuntwaneni. Abanye batholakala beseyizingane, kanti abanye batholakala sebekhulile. Nakuba iningi lezingane likhula lidlula kulesi simo njengoba likhula, cishe abantu abangu-60% bayaqhubeka nokuphila nalezi zimpawu baze babe badala. Nakuba kungekho ikhambi lalesi simo, singalawulwa ngempumelelo futhi siphile impilo evamile ngokwelashwa nokuphathwa okufanele.
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi simo?
Akuwona wonke umuntu one-ADHD ofanayo. Izimpawu zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Kwabanye abantu, lezi zimpawu zinomthelela omkhulu empilweni yabo yansuku zonke, kanti kwabanye, zingase zingabonakali nhlobo. Ake sibheke izimpawu eziyinhloko ezingabonakala.
| Uhlangothi lapho inkinga ivele khona | Izici ezibonakalayo |
|---|---|
| Ukugxila kanye nokuhlela | Ubunzima bokugxila emsebenzini owodwa, ubunzima bokulandela imiyalelo, ukungakwazi ukukhumbula ulwazi, ukungakwazi ukuhlela umsebenzi, ukuhlehlisa izinto. |
| Ukungakhathali kanye nezinqumo zokuphamazela | Ukungahlaliseki njalo, ukungakwazi ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa, ukukhuluma kakhulu, ukuphazamisa abanye ngesikhathi bekhuluma, kanye nokuntuleka kwesineke. |
| Imizwa nesimo sengqondo | Ukuzizwa unesithukuthezi njalo, ukukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, ubunzima bokulawula intukuthelo, ukuzenyeza, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwemizwelo njalo. |
| Impilo yomphakathi neyomuntu siqu | Izinkinga zokulondoloza ubudlelwano, ingozi yokuba umlutha wezidakamizwa noma utshwala, ukuntuleka kwesisusa sokuqala umsebenzi. |
Cabanga ngakho, uma unento othanda ukuyenza, ungagxila kuyo, kodwa uma kukhulunywa ngomsebenzi oyisicefe, ingqondo yakho ayihambi ndawo. Lokhu kuyinto abantu abaningi abane-ADHD abahlangabezana nayo.
Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-ADHD?
Yebo, i-ADHD ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko.
1. I-ADHD yokunganaki: Inkinga enkulu yalaba bantu ukungakwazi ukunaka. Banobunzima bokuhlela imisebenzi, ukukhumbula ukuthi izinto zikuphi, nokulandela imiyalelo. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza ngokweqile akubonakali kakhulu. Lokhu kwakubizwa ngokuthi i-ADD ( attention deficit disorder).
2. I-ADHD Esebenza Kakhulu/Engenasisusa: Isici esiyinhloko salaba bantu ukuthi abanasisusa futhi benza ngaphandle kokucabanga. Bahlala bengasahlaliseki, bekhuluma kakhulu, futhi abanaso isineke.
3. I-ADHD ehlanganisiwe: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Laba bantu banenhlanganisela yezimpawu ezivela kuzo zombili izinhlobo ezingenhla. Okusho ukuthi, banokunganaki kanye nokusebenza ngokweqile.
Yiziphi izizathu zalokhu? Yimiphi imibono eyiphutha?
Ososayensi abakakazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela i-ADHD. Kodwa ucwaningo lukhombisile ngokusobala ukuthi iyenzeka emindenini . Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma othile emndenini wakho, ikakhulukazi umzali noma umfowenu noma udadewenu, ene-ADHD, nawe unamathuba amaningi okuba nayo.
Kutholakale nokuthi abantu abane-ADHD banomehluko othile ekwakhiweni kobuchopho kanye nomsebenzi wamakhemikhali (ama-neurotransmitter) adlulisela imiyalezo phakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu: I-ADHD ayisona isifo esibangelwa amaphutha abazali, ukudla amaswidi, noma ukubuka i-TV/ifoni kakhulu. Lokhu kuyimibono eyiphutha. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinto zingenza izimpawu zibe zimbi kakhulu.
Izici eziyingozi zifaka phakathi utshwala bukamama, ugwayi, noma ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukulimala kobuchopho, kanye nesisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa.
Ungazi kanjani ukuthi une-ADHD?
Lena inkinga abantu abaningi abanayo. Akukho ukuhlolwa okukodwa kokuxilonga i-ADHD. Lokho kusho ukuthi ayinakutholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi noma nge-scan. Uma usola ukuthi une-ADHD, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubona udokotela wezifo zengqondo onolwazi kule ndawo.
Udokotela wakho angenza lezi zinto:
- Ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwezokwelapha ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini esinye isizathu esibonakalayo sezimpawu zakho.
- Ukubuza ngobuntwana bakho. Ngenxa yokuthi i-ADHD ayigcini nje ngokukhula lapho usukhulile, sibheka izimpawu ezazikhona kusukela ebuntwaneni.
- Ukucela ukubona ikhadi lakho lombiko wesikole (isib., amanothi avela kothisha mayelana nokuntuleka kokunaka, izinkinga zokuziphatha)
- Ukukhuluma nabazali bakho nokubuza ngokuziphatha kwakho njengomntwana.
- Ukubuza ukuthi ukhona yini omunye emndenini onalesi simo.
Ngokuhlanganisa konke lokhu, udokotela uzophetha ngokuthi une-ADHD noma cha.
Iphathwa kanjani?
I-ADHD ayiphathwa ngendlela eyodwa yokwelapha. Ngokuvamile, uhlelo lokwelapha lwenziwa ngokuhlanganisa eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yalezi zindlela ezilandelayo: imithi, ukwelashwa kokuziphatha, kanye nokwelulekwa.
Imithi
Izinhlobo ezimbili zemithi zisetshenziswa kakhulu ukulawula izimpawu ze-ADHD.
1. Izikhuthazi: Lezi yizona ezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Isibonelo, izidakamizwa ezifana ne-`Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta).` Lezi zilawula izimpawu ngokulinganisela amakhemikhali asebuchosheni ahlobene nokunaka nokulawula. Kodwa-ke, uma usebenzisa lezi, kufanele ulandele imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo.
2. Izinto Ezingavuseleli: Imithi efana ne-'Atomoxetine' iwela kulesi sigaba. Lezi zinconywa kubantu abangafanelekeli izivuseleli noma abanezinye izinkinga zempilo.
Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha Nokwelashwa
Lezi zinto zibaluleke njengomuthi.
- Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha Kokuqonda (i-CBT): Lokhu kukusiza ukuthi ushintshe izindlela zakho zokucabanga, ukuziphatha, kanye nendlela obhekana ngayo nezinkinga. Kungakusiza futhi ukuthi wakhe ukuzethemba.
- Ukuzindla ngokucabanga: Lezi zinto zisiza ukuzola ingqondo nokukhulisa ukugxila.
- Ukuqeqeshwa Kwempilo: Lokhu kukusiza ukuhlela isimiso sakho sansuku zonke, ubeke imigomo, futhi uyifinyelele.
- Ukwelulekwa komndeni: Ukusiza umndeni wakho ukuqonda i-ADHD nokukusekela.
Izinto Ongazenza Ukuze Uphile Ne-ADHD
Ngaphezu kokwelashwa, kunezinto eziningi ongazenza wena ukuze wenze impilo ibe lula.
- Hlela usuku lwakho: Yenza uhlu lwezinto okufanele uzenze ngaphambi kokuba uqale usuku lwakho. Sebenzisa 'uhlelo lwansuku zonke' noma 'uhlelo lokusebenza lwesikhumbuzo'.
- Hlukanisa imisebenzi emikhulu ibe yizingxenye ezincane: Uma uqala ngokuzumayo ukwenza umsebenzi omkhulu, ungazizwa unzima kakhulu. Ngakho-ke hlukanisa ube yizingxenye ezincane bese uwuqeda ngamunye ngamunye.
- Nciphisa iziphazamiso: Uma usebenza, cisha izinto ezifana ne-TV kanye nocingo bese ukhetha indawo ethule.
- Ukuzivocavoca: Ngisho nokuzivocavoca okuncane kwansuku zonke kungasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu ze-ADHD. Kukhipha amandla amaningi emzimbeni wakho futhi kuthulise ingqondo yakho.
- Cabanga ngaphambi kokwenza izinqumo ngokuphamazela: Ngaphambi kokuba wenze ngokuphamazela, yima bese ubala ufike ku-10. Phakathi naleso sikhathi esifushane, ungakwazi ukulawula ukuphamazela kwakho.
- Zijwayeze ukuthi 'cha': Abantu abane-ADHD ngezinye izikhathi bathatha imisebenzi eminingi kunaleyo abangayenza. Ngakho-ke khuluma iqiniso ngalokho ongakwenza ngempela futhi uzijwayeze ukuthi 'cha' kulokho ongakwazi.
- Zinike isipho: Uma usuqedile umsebenzi onzima, zinike isipho esincane bese uzazisa. Kuzokwenza ukhuthale kakhulu ukwenza umsebenzi olandelayo.
- Cela usizo: Ungazami ukwenza yonke into wedwa. Uma uzizwa ukhungathekile, cela usizo kumngane omethembayo, ilungu lomndeni, noma kudokotela wakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-ADHD yomuntu omdala iyisimo sangempela sezokwelapha. Akusibo ubuvila noma ukungapheleli kobuntu.
- Lesi simo siqala njalo ebuntwaneni. Asiveli ngesikhathi esisodwa lapho umuntu esekhulile.
- Uma usola ukuthi une-ADHD, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela ofanelekayo, njengodokotela wezifo zengqondo, ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okunembile.
- Izimpawu zingalawulwa ngempumelelo kakhulu ngohlelo lokwelashwa olufanele oluhlanganisa imithi kanye nokwelashwa kokuziphatha.
- Ngokufunda amasu okuphatha afanele, ungaphila impilo ephumelelayo neyanelisayo ne-ADHD.
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