Sizwa igama elithi "ADHD" kakhulu kulezi zinsuku, akunjalo? Cishe uke walizwa leli gama uma ukhuluma ngengane yakho, noma ngengane yesihlobo noma umngane. Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi "kuwukunaka ngokweqile." Kodwa i-ADHD empeleni yisimo esinomlando wezokwelapha ojulile kakhulu kunalokho. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngendlela odokotela abasithola ngayo okokuqala lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-ADHD, ukuthi sishintshe kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, nalokho esikwaziyo ngaso namuhla.
Lesi simo satholakala kanjani ekuqaleni?
Le ndaba ayiqali izolo, kodwa eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-200 edlule. Cabanga nje, ngo -1798 , udokotela waseScotland, uSir Alexander Crichton, waphawula into engavamile. Waphawula ukuthi abanye abantu babenenkinga enkulu yokuhlala begxile entweni eyodwa efana nezinye, izingqondo zabo zazizulazula njalo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi babenalesi simo kusukela ebuntwaneni. Lokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) namuhla kufana kakhulu naleso simo.
Kwathi ngo -1902 , omunye udokotela ogama lakhe linguSir George Frederic Still wabika ngeqembu lezingane ezaziphilile futhi zingenakho ukukhubazeka kwengqondo. Lezi zingane zazinamawala kakhulu, zazinobunzima bokulawula ukunaka kwazo nokuzilawula. Wabika ngabafana abangu-15 namantombazane angu-5. Sisazi nanamuhla ukuthi abafana banamathuba amaningi okuthola i-ADHD kunamantombazane. Ngakho ungacabanga ukuthi lokhu okubonwe kwakunembile kangakanani, akunjalo?
Indlela igama elithi "hyperkinetic" elavela ngayo
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwenziwa ucwaningo olwengeziwe ngalokhu. Ngo -1932, odokotela ababili baseJalimane, uFranz Kramer noHans Polnau, bachaza isimo esibizwa ngokuthi "Isifo Esibangelwa Yi-Hyperkinetic." Kalula nje, izingane ezinalesi simo zinenkinga yokuhlala zithule . Azilandeli imithetho, engaphazamisa imisebenzi yasekilasini. Zinenkinga nokusebenza ndawonye nezinye izingane.
Lesi simo saqala besebancane, cishe beneminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala, safinyelela esicongweni cishe beneminyaka engu-6. Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngesikhathi izingane sezineminyaka engaba ngu-7 ubudala, lokhu kungahlaliseki kwaphela kancane, futhi kwabaningi, isimo sathuthuka njengoba bekhula.
Umuthi wokuqala we-ADHD kanye nokufika kukaRitalin
Lesi yisenzakalo esithakazelisayo kakhulu. Ngo -1937 , udokotela waseMelika ogama lakhe linguCharles Bradley waphawula ukuthi lapho enikeza abanye abantwana iBenzedrine, isikhuthazi, ukuziphatha kwabo kwathuthuka. Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa nomsebenzi wabo wesikole nawo wathuthuka.
Cabanga ngakho, sivame ukucabanga ukuthi uma izingane zinikwa isikhuthazi, zizoba zimbi kakhulu. Kodwa kulokhu, kwaba ngenye indlela. Yilokhu okwenza odokotela baqonde ukuthi i-ADHD ihlobene ne -chemistry yobuchopho .
Umuthi ovame kakhulu ukunqunywa we-ADHD namuhla yi-methylphenidate. Wethulwa okokuqala emakethe ngo- 1954 ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo i-Ritalin . Ekuqaleni wawusetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinto ezifana nokukhathala okungapheli, kodwa kamuva kwatholakala ukuthi usebenza kahle kakhulu ekulawuleni izimpawu ze-ADHD.
Ukusuka ku-ADD kuya ku-ADHD: Indlela igama elishintshe ngayo
Igama lalesi sifo lishintshile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi njengoba ulwazi lwethu ngaso luthuthukile. Lezi zinguquko zibonakala ngokucacile kuyi-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), enyatheliswa yi-American Psychiatric Association.
| Unyaka | Igama nencazelo esetshenzisiwe |
|---|---|
| 1968 | Ukusabela kwe-hyperkinetic ebuntwaneni: Kugxile kakhulu ekusebenzeni ngokweqile. |
| 1980 | Isifo Sokuntuleka Kokunaka (ADD): Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko lapha. I-ADD enomfutho ophezulu kanye ne-ADD engenamfutho ophezulu. Lona umehluko omkhulu, ngoba yayigxile nasezinganeni ezazingebona ababi, kodwa ezazingenaso nje ukunaka okuphansi. |
| 1987 | Isifo Sokungakwazi Ukunaka Okungapheli (ADHD): Igama elihlanganisa izimpawu ezintathu zokunganaki, ukushesha, kanye nokusebenza ngokweqile. |
Ukuqonda i-ADHD namuhla
Namuhla, odokotela babheka i-ADHD ngendlela ebanzi. Ngokusho kwencwadi yakamuva ye-DSM, eyakhishwa ngo- 2013 , kunezindlela ezintathu "zokwethula" eziyinhloko ze-ADHD. "Izindlela zokwethula" zimane nje ziyindlela izimpawu ezibonakala ngayo . Okubalulekile ukuthi lezi zindlela zokwethula zingashintsha phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila komuntu.
| Isethulo se-ADHD | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Abanganaki kakhulu | Laba bantu banenkinga yokuhlala besendleleni efanele, belandela imiyalelo, futhi behlela umsebenzi. Bangase babonakale belahlekile ezweni lamaphupho. Kodwa akubonakali sengathi bangabantu abanonya kakhulu. |
| Ikakhulukazi Isebenza Kakhulu Futhi Ishukunyiswa Yingqondo | Laba bantu abakwazi ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa, bahlala bezulazula, begijima, futhi begxuma. Abakwazi ukulinda ithuba labo. Bagxuma phakathi kwezingxoxo zabanye abantu. Benza izinto ngaphandle kokucabanga. |
| Kuhlanganisiwe | Laba bantu banezici zazo zombili lezi zinhlobo ezibalwe ngenhla. Okusho ukuthi, banokuntula ukunaka kanye nokusebenza ngokweqile. |
Enye into ebalulekile ukuthi odokotela manje bayakwamukela ukuthi i-ADHD ayigcini ebuntwaneni, nokuthi lezi zimpawu zingavela nasebudaleni .
Ukwelashwa okusha kanye nekusasa
Ama-stimulants aseyindlela yokwelapha esetshenziswa kakhulu ye-ADHD. Kodwa-ke, manje kuneminye imithi eminingi ngaphandle kwe-Ritalin. Imithi engavuseleli nayo yethulwa ngemva kuka -2002. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-atomoxetine ne-guanfacine.
Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, uma usola ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho ine-ADHD, khuluma nodokotela oqeqeshiwe ngayo. Nguye ongakwazi ukuxilonga lesi simo ngokunembile futhi, uma kudingeka, ancome imithi kanye nokwelashwa kokuziphatha . Ungalokothi wenze izinqumo ngokusekelwe kumahemuhemu.
Uma sibheka umlando we-ADHD, siyabona ukuthi akuyona into eyenzeka nje, kodwa into eye yaqondwa kancane kancane ngomsebenzi onzima wodokotela nososayensi eminyakeni eminingi. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukucabanga ngalesi simo ngokwesayensi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-ADHD ayintsha. Inomlando omude wezokwelapha , osukela eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-200 edlule.
- Lokhu akukhona nje "ukulimaza okuncane" noma "ubuvila." Kuyisifo sangempela esihlobene nokusebenza kobuchopho.
- I-ADHD ingabonakala ngezindlela ezahlukene zokwethula. Abanye abantu abanaki kuphela, abanye banomdlandla ngokweqile, kanti abanye bangase babe nakho kokubili.
- Lesi simo singathinta hhayi izingane kuphela kodwa nabantu abadala.
- Namuhla, kunezindlela zokwelapha eziphumelela kakhulu ze-ADHD, kodwa zonke lezi zinqumo kufanele zenziwe udokotela wakho.
- Uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho ningaba nalezi zimpawu, sicela ukhulume nodokotela womndeni wakho noma uchwepheshe ngakho.
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