Konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nenani le-ALP embikweni wakho wegazi (i-Alkaline Phosphatase - ALP)

Wake wahlolwa igazi, wathatha umbiko, wabheka izinhlamvu nezinombolo kuwo, wacabanga, "Kuyini lokhu?" Phakathi kwezinhlamvu eziningi ezifana ne-ALT, AST, ne-GGT, kungenzeka ukuthi uke wabona inani elibizwa ngokuthi "ALP." Abantu abaningi bayakhathazeka kancane uma bebona lokhu. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizokhuluma ngokuthi iyini le Alkaline Phosphatase, noma i-ALP ngamafuphi, ukuthi ifunani kulokhu kuhlolwa, nokuthi yini okudingeka sikwazi lapho amanani ayo eshintsha.

Iyini ngempela i-ALP?

Kalula nje, i-Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) iyi-enzyme etholakala kuyo yonke imizimba yethu. I-enzyme uhlobo olukhethekile lweprotheyini olutholakala ngaphakathi kwamaseli ethu. Njengomshini osheshisayo efektri, la ma-enzyme asiza futhi asheshise izinqubo zamakhemikhali ezahlukahlukene emizimbeni yethu. Kunezinkulungwane zala ma-enzyme emizimbeni yethu.

Nakuba odokotela bebelokhu becwaninga i-ALP iminyaka eminingi, abakaqiniseki ngokuphelele ukuthi iyini ngempela umsebenzi wayo. Kodwa-ke, kutholakale ukuthi ihilelekile ezinqubweni eziningi ezibalulekile emzimbeni.

Uma kukhulunywa nge-ALP, ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-enzyme yesibindi." Isizathu salokhu ukuthi i-ALP itholakala kakhulu esibindini sethu. Kodwa ayigcini esibindini kuphela. Itholakala nakwezinye izindawo.

• Amapayipi akho enyongo: Amapayipi athwala inyongo ekhiqizwa yisibindi aye enyongweni, lapho igcinwa khona.
• Emathanjeni akho: Lokho kusho ukuthi emathanjeni akho.
• Izinso.
• Amathumbu.
• I-placenta yomama abakhulelwe.

Ngakho-ke, uma izinga le-ALP egazini lakho liphezulu noma liphansi ngendlela engavamile, kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi kungase kube nomonakalo noma ushintsho enkambisweni ethile kwesinye salezi zitho zomzimba.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-ALP?

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-ALP kulinganisa inani le-ALP egazini lakho. Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, yize i-ALP itholakala kuwo wonke umzimba, imithombo emibili eyinhloko ye-ALP eqoqana egazini isibindi namathambo. Ngakho-ke, uma izinga le-ALP egazini liphakeme, kungaba uphawu lwesifo sesibindi noma isifo esithile samathambo. Kodwa khumbula, ukuhlolwa kwe-ALP kuphela akukwazi ukuthola isifo.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuhlolwa kwe-ALP.

1. Ukuhlolwa kwe-ALP okuvamile: Lokhu ukuhlolwa okwenziwa kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, uma udokotela ekucela ukuthi wenze i-`Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)` noma i-`Liver Panel (LFT)`, ebheka isibindi, ngokuqinisekile izofaka inani le-ALP.

2. Ukuhlolwa kwe-ALP isoenzyme:Lokhu kuwukuhlolwa okukhethekile. Ukuhlolwa kwe-ALP okuvamile kukutshela kuphela ukuthi ingakanani i-ALP egazini lakho. Kodwa lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-isoenzyme kungakutshela ngqo ukuthi i-ALP eningi egazini lakho ivela esibindini sakho, emathanjeni, noma kwenye indawo. Uma izinga lakho le-ALP liphezulu kakhulu, udokotela wakho angase akuyalele lokhu kuhlolwa ukuze athole imbangela eqondile. Kodwa kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuyabiza, ngakho akuwona wonke ama-lab akwenzayo.

Kungani sidinga lolu vivinyo lwe-ALP?

Kungase kube nezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani udokotela wakho engase acele ukuhlolwa kwe-ALP.

• Ukuhlolwa: Ngezinye izikhathi, noma ngabe azikho izimpawu, i-ALP ihlolwa njengengxenye yombiko wakho waminyaka yonke we-CMP noma we-LFT ukuze uthole inkomba mayelana nenkinga esibindini noma kwenye indawo ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu.
• Ukuqapha: Uma usuvele unesifo sesibindi noma samathambo, lokhu kuhlolwa kusetshenziselwa nokuqapha ukuthi isimo siyathuthuka, sihlala sinjalo, noma siya siba sibi kakhulu ngokwelashwa.
• Njengosizo ekuxilongweni: Uma unezimpawu ezihlobene nesifo sesibindi noma samathambo, ukuhlolwa kwe-ALP kuyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokuxilonga.

Izimpawu ezingase zenze udokotela acabangele ukuhlolwa kwe-ALP

Uma unezimpawu ezingezansi, udokotela wakho angakuthumela kulolu vivinyo.

Kwenzekani ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi?

Uma udokotela wakho ekutshela ukuthi wenze lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-ALP njengengxenye ye-CMP, kuzodingeka uzile ukudla cishe amahora ayi-10-12. Kodwa ungaphuza amanzi. Kodwa-ke, uma ucelwa ukuthi wenze ukuhlolwa kwegazi, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo eqondile yokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngaphambi kwalokho. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela leyo miyalelo.

Lezi yizinto ezivame ukwenzeka uma kudonswa igazi.

1. Uzohlaliswa esihlalweni, futhi umhlengikazi noma isikhulu sezokwelapha sizothola umthambo ofanele engalweni yakho wokukhipha igazi. Lokhu kuvame ukuba ngaphakathi kwendololwane yakho.

2. Ngemva kokuthola umthambo, hlanza indawo kahle ngento efana notshwala bokuhlikihla.

3. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufakwa inaliti encane emthanjeni bese kuthathwa isampula yegazi. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungase uzizwe ulunywa kancane, njengokulunywa yintuthwane encane.

4. Ngemva kokuqoqa inani legazi elidingekayo lokuhlolwa ulifake epayipini, susa inalithi bese ucindezela indawo lapho igazi lithathwe khona ngocezu lukakotini.

5. Uma ukopha sekuphelile, kufakwa iplasta encane endaweni bese umsebenzi usuphelile.

Yonke inqubo ithatha imizuzu engaphansi kwemihlanu. Kungase kube nobuhlungu obuncane kanye nokuklwebheka lapho igazi likhishwe khona. Kodwa lokho kuzophela ngosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili.

Ukuqonda kanjani okuqukethwe umbiko?

Ngokuvamile ungathola umbiko ngosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. Umbiko uqukethe ulwazi olufana nalolu:

• Igama lokuhlolwa (isb. i-Alkaline Phosphatase).
• Umphumela wakho (inani le-ALP egazini lakho).
• Ububanzi obujwayelekile.
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inani lakho lijwayelekile, liphezulu, noma liphansi.

Ububanzi obamukelekayo ngokuvamile bungamayunithi angama-44 kuya kwangu-147 emhlabeni wonke ngelitha (44 kuya ku-147 IU/L). Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izindawo lokhu kubhekwa njengo-30 kuya ku-120 IU/L.

Futhi, amanani ajwayelekile e-ALP ayahlukahluka kuye ngobudala nobulili.

• Izingane nentsha: Izingane nentsha zinamazinga aphezulu e-ALP ngokwemvelo ngoba amathambo azo ayakhula.
• Phakathi kweminyaka eyi-15-50: Amadoda anamazinga e-ALP aphezulu kancane kunabesifazane.
• Ngokukhula: amazinga e-ALP akhuphuka kancane futhi njengoba sikhula.
• Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: Kuvamile ukuthi omama abakhulelwe babe namazinga aphezulu e-ALP ngoba i-ALP ikhiqizwa ku-placenta.
• Uma ukuphuka kwethambo kuphola: Uma ithambo liphukile futhi likhula futhi, amazinga e-ALP anganda njengoba amangqamuzana ethambo eqala ukusebenza.

Kusho ukuthini ukwanda kwe-ALP?

Uma izinga lakho le-ALP liphakeme, kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhathazekile kancane. Kodwa-ke, into yokuqala okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi izinga le-ALP eliphakeme kancane aliyona njalo inkomba yesifo esingathi sína. Udokotela wakho angase anqume ukungaqhubeki nokuhlola futhi aphinde ahlole izinga lakho le-ALP ngemva kwesikhashana.

Kodwa-ke, izinga eliphezulu kakhulu le-ALP liyisibonakaliso esinamandla sokulimala kwesibindi noma isifo samathambo. Uma umbiko wakho uthi i-ALP iphakeme, udokotela wakho angase acele ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe (isib. ukuhlolwa kwe-isoenzyme, ukuskena kwesibindi) ukuthola imbangela.

Izizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani i-ALP inganda zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili.

Izimbangela ezihlobene nesibindi kanye ne-bile ducts

• I-Cholestasis yokukhulelwa: Isifo sesibindi esingase senzeke engxenyeni yokugcina yokukhulelwa.
• I-Cirrhosis yesibindi: Ukulimala kwesibindi okuhlala njalo kwenzeka lapho amangqamuzana esibindi efa futhi ethathelwa indawo yizicubu zesilonda.
• I-Hepatitis: Ukuvuvukala kwesibindi. Lokhu kungabangelwa amagciwane, utshwala, noma ezinye izimbangela.
• Ukuvaleka kwe-bile duct: Ukuvaleka kwe-bile duct ethwala i-bile esibindini ngenxa yamatshe enyongo, izimila ezinomdlavuza, noma ezinye izimbangela.
• I-Mononucleosis: Eyaziwa nangokuthi "isifo sokuqabulana," lokhu kutheleleka ngegciwane ngezinye izikhathi kungabangela ukuvuvukala kwesibindi.

Izimbangela ezihlobene namathambo (uhlaka lwamathambo)

• Isifo sikaPaget sethambo: Isimo esingavamile lapho amathambo ephuka futhi aphinde akhule ngendlela engavamile.
• I-Osteogenic sarcoma: Uhlobo lomdlavuza oluqala emathanjeni.
• Ukwanda kwamathambo: Umdlavuza ovela kwenye indawo, njengebele noma amaphaphu, usakazekela emathanjeni.
• I-Hyperparathyroidism: Amazinga e-calcium akhuphukile egazini ngenxa yokukhishwa ngokweqile kwama-hormone yi-parathyroid gland.
• I-Hyperthyroidism: Ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwama-hormone yi-thyroid gland.
• I-Osteomalacia: Isimo lapho amathambo eba buthakathaka futhi ephuka kalula ngenxa yokuntuleka kwevithamini D. Uma lokhu kwenzeka ezinganeni, sikubiza ngokuthi ama-Rickets.
• Ukuphuka okuphulukisayo.

Yiziphi izimbangela ezingaba khona zamazinga aphansi e-ALP?

Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi amazinga e-ALP abe phansi ngendlela engavamile, kodwa kunezizathu eziningana ezingaba khona zalokhu.

• Ukungondleki kahle: Ukungatholi izakhamzimba ezanele ezidingwa ngumzimba.
• Ukuntuleka kwe-zinc.
• Ukuntuleka kwe-magnesium.
• I-Hypothyroidism: Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-thyroid gland.
• Izifo ezingavamile zofuzo: Izimo ezingavamile kakhulu njenge-'Hypophosphatesia' kanye ne-'Wilson disease'.

Ingabe kufanele ngikhathazeke uma izinga lami le-ALP liphezulu noma liphansi?

Cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-20 abaphilile angase abe nemiphumela yokuhlolwa engaphezu kwesilinganiso esijwayelekile. Ezinye izici zingathinta namanani e-ALP.

• Imithi ethile: Eminye imithi, njengamaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo.
• Ukudla kwakho.
• Ukukhulelwa.
• Ubudala: Njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, inani lezingane ezikhula ngeminyaka liphezulu.
• Iphutha elenzeka ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa, ukuthuthwa, noma ukuhlolwa kwesampula yegazi.

Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho akasoze athatha isinqumo ngokusekelwe kuphela enanini le-ALP. Uzocabangela konke okulandelayo:

• Umlando wakho wezokwelapha ophelele.
• Yimiphi imithi oyithathayo njengamanje?
• Ukuthi inani lakho le-ALP liphakeme noma liphansi kangakanani.
• Imiphumela yezinye izivivinyo ezihlolwe kanye ne-ALP (isb. ALT, GGT, Bilirubin).
• Ingabe unezimpawu?

Ukuhlanganisa konke lokhu kuzonquma ukuthi udinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe noma ukwelashwa.