Wake waphawula ukuthi umama wakho, ubaba, noma othandekayo wakho osekhulile ukhohlwa izinto? Ngezinye izikhathi ukukhohlwa amagama, amakheli, noma ngisho nokukhumbula ukuthi izibuko zakho zikuphi kuyinto evamile njengoba ukhula. Kodwa uma lokhu kukhohlwa kukhula kancane kancane futhi ungakwazi ukwenza ngisho nemisebenzi yansuku zonke wedwa, kungaba uphawu lweSifo i-Alzheimer. Khona-ke umbuzo omkhulu ofika engqondweni yethu uthi, 'Kungani izwe elithuthukile kangaka lingakatholi ikhambi lalesi sifo?' Ake sixoxe ngakho ngokujulile namuhla.
Lesi sifo satholakala kanjani okokuqala?
Le ndaba iqala eminyakeni engaphezu kweyikhulu eyedlule, ngo-1901. Udokotela waseJalimane ogama lakhe lingu-Alois Alzheimer wahlola ubuchopho bowesifazane owayeshone ngenxa yokulahlekelwa yingqondo. Wabona into exakile kakhulu. Phakathi kwama-neurons ebuchosheni, uhlobo lweprotheyini lwalunamathele futhi luhlangene, njengama-plaque. Lawa kamuva abizwa ngokuthi "ama-plaque." Wabona nokuthi olunye uhlobo lweprotheyini lwaluhlangene futhi luhlangene njengezintambo ngaphakathi kwama-neurons. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi "ama-tangles."
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ososayensi bathola ukuthi ama-plaque afana nezibazi enziwe ngeprotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-beta-amyloid . Bathola nokuthi ama-tangles afana nentambo enziwe ngeprotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-tau . Ekugcineni, lesi sifo saqanjwa ngokuthi "isifo se-Alzheimer" ukuhlonipha udokotela owasithola.
Indaba enkulu ye-"Amyloid Hypothesis"
Ngakho-ke, ngawo-1990, kwavela umqondo omkhulu phakathi kwabacwaningi. Lokho kwakuwukuthi, imbangela eyinhloko yalesi sifo kwakuyi-beta-amyloid plaques eyayiqongelela ebuchosheni. Lo mbono wawubizwa ngokuthi "i-Amyloid Hypothesis." Kalula nje, babecabanga ukuthi lawa ma-amyloid plaques yiwona abangela ukuba amangqamuzana obuchopho afe futhi inkumbulo yehluleke.
Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni engama-30 edlule , ucwaningo oluningi ngesifo i-Alzheimer kanye nemizamo eminingi yokuthola ikhambi kuye kwasekelwa kulo mbono we-amyloid.
Kodwa ingabe lokhu kuye kwaphumelela? Akunjalo ngempela. Kuye kwazanywa amakhulu emithi ukususa la ma-plaque e-amyloid, kodwa ayikho eye yenza umehluko omkhulu empilweni yeziguli. Imithi enciphisa inani le-amyloid ebuchosheni ayivimbanga ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo yesiguli noma ukuthuthukisa impilo yaso yansuku zonke. Ngisho nomuthi osanda kuvunyelwa i-'lecanemab' ulawule kancane nje ukuwohloka kwalesi sifo, kodwa awulona ikhambi.
Ingabe sinamathele endleleni efanayo?
Ngenxa yale miphumela engaphumelelanga, abacwaningi abaningi manje babuza, "Ingabe siya endaweni engafanele?" Eqinisweni, isayensi akuyona into engenza umehluko omkhulu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kufana nomkhumbi omkhulu, awukwazi ukuphendulwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Abacwaningi bafunda isihloko esifanayo iminyaka eminingi, bese benza ucwaningo olwengeziwe ngesihloko esifanayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, iqembu elikhulu labantu nolwazi lwakhiwe ngomqondo ofanayo. Uma uya emsebenzini nomqondo omusha, izindlela ezifanele kanye nolwazi alukho. Ngakho-ke, endabeni ye-Alzheimer's, lo mkhumbi omkhulu wawuhamba ngendlela ye-"amyloid." Ngakho-ke, kwakunganakwa kakhulu kwezinye izimbangela, njengokuvuvukala, izifo ezahlukahlukene, noma izifo ezizimele.
Kodwa, le ndaba ye-amyloid ayilungile ngokuphelele. Mhlawumbe inkinga isemithini. Noma, isikhathi somuthi singase sibe singalungile. Mhlawumbe le mithi kufanele iqalwe eminyakeni eminingi ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu.
Kwakukhona enye inkinga. Kuze kube yiminyaka eyishumi edlule, yayingekho indlela yokuqinisekisa ngokuphelele isifo i-Alzheimer's ngenkathi umuntu esaphila, ngaphandle kokuhlola ubuchopho bakhe ngemva kokufa. Ngakho-ke, abanye babantu abahlanganyele ezifundweni zakudala babengenaso ngempela isifo i-Alzheimer's. Ngakho idatha evela kulezo zifundo yayingalungile, akunjalo?
Kodwa manje isimo sesihlukile. Ngobuchwepheshe obusha, ikakhulukazi ama-PET scan kanye nokuhlolwa koketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal, kungenzeka ukuthola ukuthi kukhona amaprotheni e-amyloid kanye ne-tau ebuchosheni bomuntu ophilayo.
'I-Traffic Jam' Ngaphakathi Kobuchopho Nocwaningo Olusha
Manje, esikhundleni sokucabanga nje ngokususa lawo ma-plaque, abacwaningi sebeqala ukubheka imbangela eyinhloko yenkinga, bebuza, "Kungani la ma-plaque akheka?" Kunjengokungathi awukwazi ukuxazulula inkinga ngaphandle kokwazi kahle ukuthi ikuphi. Manje, kunemibono eminingana emisha ngalokhu. Ake sibone ukuthi iyini.
| Isiqondiso Esisha Socwaningo | Ngamagama alula... |
|---|---|
| Inkinga Yezinga Leselula | 'Ukuminyana kwethrafikhi' kwenzeka ohlelweni oluhambisa amaprotheni ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana obuchopho. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amaprotheni e-amyloid kanye ne-tau aqongelelane. Abacwaningi bafuna izindlela zokususa le 'kuminyana'. |
| Isifo sokuzivikela komzimba | Ngokwalo mbono, i-amyloid iyingxenye yesimiso sokuzivikela sobuchopho. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yephutha elithile, lesi simiso siyaphazamiseka futhi sihlasele amangqamuzana obuchopho anempilo esikhundleni sokulwa nezifo. |
| Izifo Nokuvuvukala | Kunobufakazi bokuthi ukuvuvukala ebuchosheni okubangelwa izifo ezithile ezibangelwa amagciwane, njenge-herpes, kungaba imbangela yesifo i-Alzheimer's. |
| Isifo Sokugaya Ukudla | Abanye abantu bakubiza lokhu ngokuthi “isifo sikashukela sobuchopho” noma “isifo sikashukela sohlobo 3.” Kulokhu, amangqamuzana obuchopho awasabeli kahle ku-insulin (ukumelana ne-insulin), okubangela ukuvuvukala kanye neminye imonakalo. |
Ngakho-ke akukho yini esingakwenza? Ake sixoxe ngokuvimbela.
Uma uzwa konke lokhu, ungase ucabange, 'O, akukho ongakwenza ngakho.' Kodwa ungacabangi kanjalo. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi isifo i-Alzheimer sithatha isikhathi eside ukuba sikhule, cishe iminyaka engama-20 kuya kwengama-30. Lokho kusho ukuthi sinesikhathi esiningi sokumisa noma sokunciphisa ijubane lokuqhubeka kwalesi sifo.
Nakuba kunethonya lezakhi zofuzo, kunezici eziningi eziyingozi ezingashintshwa ezingathinta ukukhula kwesifo i-Alzheimer's. Lezi yizi:
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
- Isifo sikashukela
- Isifo senhliziyo
- I-cholesterol ephezulu
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme
- Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa
- Ukucindezeleka kanye nesizungu
Lokho kusho ukulawula umfutho wegazi lakho, i-cholesterol, kanye namazinga kashukela , ukugcina isisindo esinempilo, ukuzivocavoca, nokudla ukudla okunempilo yizinto ezinhle kakhulu ongazenza ukunciphisa ingozi yakho ye-Alzheimer's. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngisho nento elula njengokusebenzisa insiza yokuzwa enkingeni yokuzwa ingenza umehluko omkhulu.
Inzuzo enkulu yalezi zinto ukuthi azinangozi kakhulu, azibizi kakhulu, futhi zingcono empilweni yethu iyonke. Kubaluleke kangakanani ukushintsha indlela yethu yokuphila kunokuchitha amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamaRandi ngonyaka emthini omusha?
Esikhathini esizayo, ukwelashwa kwe-Alzheimer's, njengokwelashwa komdlavuza, kungase kuhilele inhlanganisela yezindlela nemithi ehlukahlukene, "i-cocktail," kunokuba kube umuthi owodwa. Kodwa-ke, ithemba elikhulu ekulweni nalesi sifo ukuthi ososayensi bangabaze izinkolelo zabo ezindala futhi bathole izindlela ezintsha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isifo i-Alzheimer's siyisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Asigcini nje ngokuqongelela ama-plaque e-amyloid ebuchosheni.
- Ngakho-ke, ngeke kwenzeke ukwelapha lesi sifo ngephilisi elilodwa lomlingo esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.
- Abacwaningi manje sebegxile ezicini ezahlukahlukene njengezinkinga zokuzivikela komzimba, izifo ezithathelwanayo, kanye nezifo ze-metabolic.
- Into ebaluleke kakhulu: Unganciphisa ingozi yakho. Kubalulekile ukulawula umfutho wegazi lakho, isifo sikashukela, i-cholesterol, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, nokudla ukudla okunempilo.
- Uma unenkinga noma ukwesaba ngenkumbulo yakho noma inkumbulo yothandekayo wakho, ungalibali ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho. Uma usheshe ukhulume ngakho, kungcono.
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