Ingabe ulahlekelwe umbono wakho ngokuzumayo waphinde wawubona? Ake sifunde nge-(Amaurosis Fugax)?

Wake walahlekelwa umbono ngeso elilodwa, noma mhlawumbe womabili amehlo, isikhashana, wabe usuphinde wawubona ngemizuzu embalwa? Kungaba yinto eyesabekayo, njengokungathi ikhethini elimnyama liwile phambi kwamehlo akho, noma othile udonsa ikhethini ohlangothini. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngalolu hlobo lokulahlekelwa umbono kwesikhashana.

Kuyini i-Amaurosis Fugax?

Kalula nje, lokhu `(Amaurosis Fugax)` kusho ukuthi ulahlekelwa umbono wakho ngeso elilodwa, noma ngezinye izikhathi womabili amehlo, okwesikhashana, okungukuthi, isikhathi esifushane. Kodwa awuzizwa ubuhlungu kulokhu. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi ukugeleza kwegazi kuya ku-retina , okuyingqimba yamaseli ngemuva kweso ethumela izimpawu ebuchosheni ngalokho esikubonayo, kuyama isikhashana bese kuphazamiseka. Cabanga ukuthi iso lethu lifana nekhamera, futhi le-retina isebenza njengefilimu yayo. Khona-ke, uma igazi lingagelezi kahle kuyo, izithombe ziyayeka ukubonakala isikhashana.

Igama elithi ``Amaurosis Fugax'' lisuselwa egameni lesiGreki elithi ``amaurosis'' elisho 'ubumnyama'' kanye negama lesiLatini elithi ``fugax'' elisho 'okwesikhashana'' noma 'okwesikhashana''. Njengoba igama lisikisela, lokhu kulahlekelwa umbono kuvame ukuthatha imizuzwana embalwa kuya kwemizuzu embalwa . Ngezinye izikhathi umbono ungase ulahleke ngokuphelele, noma ingxenye yawo kuphela ingase ifiphale.

Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi babiza lesi simo ngokuthi ‘ubumpumputhe be-monocular obudlulayo’, ‘ukulahlekelwa kokubona kwe-monocular okudlulayo’, noma ‘ukulahlekelwa kokubona kwe-binocular okudlulayo’. Lokho kusho ‘ukulahlekelwa kokubona kwesikhashana esweni elilodwa’ noma ‘ukulahlekelwa kokubona kwesikhashana emehlweni womabili’.

Nakuba ezinye zezimbangela zalolu hlobo lokulahlekelwa umbono zingase zibe zincane, ezinye zingase zibe yizimo ezingathi sína ezidinga ukunakwa okukhulu . Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzokusiza ukuthola imbangela eqondile. Kulapho-ke kuphela lapho ungaqala khona ukwelashwa okufanele.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhumbula ukuthi uma ulahlekelwa umbono wakho ngokuzumayo nganoma yisiphi isizathu, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo futhi kufanele ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?

Uma une-`(Amaurosis Fugax)`, uphawu oluyinhloko ukufiphala okungazelelwe, okungenabuhlungu, ukufiphala, noma ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuphelele engxenyeni yombono wakho. Kwabanye, lokhu kuzwakala njengekhethini eliwa phezulu noma ukudonsa ikhethini phambi kweso. Kungaba yinto efana nokuvala ikhethini emdlalweni.

Cabanga nje, ngesikhathi uNilanthi ephuza itiye lakhe lasekuseni, kungazelelwe kwawa ikhethini elimnyama phambi kweso lakhe lokunene. Wayengaboni lutho cishe umzuzu. Wayesaba kakhulu. Kodwa ngemva kwesikhashana, wakwazi ukubona futhi. Lena yindlela `(Amaurosis Fugax)`.

Njengoba igama lisho, lokhu kungokwesikhashana.. Lokho kusho ukuthi kuzolunga ngokwako ngemva kwesikhashana, futhi umbono wakho uzobuya. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungenzeka izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Ngakho-ke, khumbula, ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona ubuhlungu noma cha, kuyinto okufanele ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ngoba kungaba nesizathu esingathi sína ngemuva kwalokhu.

Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Yiziphi izizathu?

Imbangela eyinhloko ye-`(Amaurosis Fugax)`, njengoba sesixoxile kakade, umthambo wegazi ohambisa igazi ku-retina engaphakathi kweso uyavaleka ngesizathu esithile. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthola imbangela eqondile yalokhu kuvaleka. Kulapho-ke udokotela wakho ezokwazi khona ukunquma ukwelashwa okufanele.

Kunezizathu eziningana ezingaholela ekuvalekeni kwemithambo ye-retinal:

• Amahlule egazi: Ihlule legazi elakheka kwenye indawo emzimbeni lingaqhekeka bese lihlala emthanjeni wegazi omncane ohambisa igazi esweni.
• I-Plaque evela ku-Atherosclerosis: Ngezinye izikhathi izindonga zemithambo yethu emikhulu yegazi ziba zijiyile ngenxa yamafutha amaningi (isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-atherosclerosis). Ingxenye encane yale plaque ingaphuka futhi ibhajwe emthanjeni wegazi, njengodaka olubhajwe epayipini.
• Ukuvuvukala kwenzwa yakho yokubona: Ukutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala kwenzwa yokubona, ethwala imiyalezo esuka esweni iye ebuchosheni (njenge-optic neuritis), nakho kungabangela ukulahlekelwa umbono okwesikhashana.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela wakho uzohlola nokuthi unazo yini ezinye izimo ezingaba uphawu lwe-"Amaurosis Fugax." Eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Ukuhlaselwa Kwe-Ischemic Yesikhashana (i-TIA): Lokhu kufana ne-mini-stroke. Ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni kuyama isikhashana bese kubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile. Lokhu kungaba uphawu oluyisixwayiso sokuthi i-stroke enkulu iyeza.
• Isifo sohlangothi: Isimo esibi kakhulu esenzeka lapho igazi eliya engxenyeni yobuchopho linqamuka ngokuphelele.
• I-Giant Cell Arteritis: Ebizwa nangokuthi i-Temporal Arteritis, lesi yisifo esibangela ukuthi imithambo emikhulu nephakathi ekhanda nasentanyeni ivuvuke futhi ivuvuke. Kungathinta nemithambo enikeza igazi emehlweni.
• I-Optic Neuritis: Ukuvuvukala noma ukuvuvukala kwe-optic nerve.
• I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Lesi yisifo esithinta uhlelo lwezinzwa.
• Ukulimala ekhanda (Ukulimala Kobuchopho Okubuhlungu - I-TBI): Lezi zinhlobo zezinkinga zokubona ngezinye izikhathi zingavela ngemva kokulimala ekhanda.

Ubani osengozini enkulu?

Kunezici eziningana eziyingozi ezingaba nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-`(Amaurosis Fugax)`. Ezinye zalezi zizinto ezingashintshwa, kanti ezinye zizinto ezingashintshwa. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• I-Carotid Artery Stenosis: Uma umthambo wegazi oyinhloko (umthambo we-carotid) othwala igazi kusuka ezinhlangothini zombili zentamo ukuya ebuchosheni uvinjiwe yizinqwaba zamafutha.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (Umfutho wegazi ophakeme): Yilokhu okushiwo umfutho wegazi ophezulu.
• Amazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol egazini (i-Hypercholesterolemia): Amazinga andayo e-cholesterol embi egazini.
• Ukubhema: Lokhu kuyinto ebangela izifo eziningi.
• Uma uke waba ne-`(TIA)` yangaphambilini.
• Isifo sikashukela: Sibizwa nangokuthi isifo sikashukela.
• Isifo senhliziyo: Le ngozi iphakeme nakubantu abanesifo senhliziyo.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwe-cocaine.
• Ukuphuza ngokweqile (`Inkinga yokusebenzisa utshwala`).
• Ubudala obungu-50 noma ngaphezulu: Ingozi yezifo ezithile iyanda njengoba umuntu ekhula.

Njengoba ubona, eziningi zalezi zici eziyingozi zihlobene nezimo ezifana nesifo senhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuzazi lezi zinto.

Ingabe lokhu kungaba yingozi? Yiziphi izinkinga?

Yebo, kuye ngembangela yokulahlekelwa umbono okwesikhashana okubizwa ngokuthi `(Amaurosis Fugax)` , izinkinga ezingavela kulokhu zingaba zimbi kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi uma kuyisandulela `(Stroke)` noma `(isigameko senhliziyo`), kungaba yingozi ngisho nokuphila. Yingakho sithi uma ulahlekelwa umbono wakho ngokuzumayo , ungakushayi indiva nhlobo, futhi ubone udokotela ngokushesha . Uma imbangela itholakala kusenesikhathi, izinkinga ezinkulu zingavinjelwa ngezinga elikhulu.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu?

Uma ubona udokotela, uzoqala ngokukubuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nezimpawu oye wazizwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazokwenza ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele. Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ukuthi unezinye izimo zezokwelapha, njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme noma isifo senhliziyo.

Ziyini izivivinyo?

Uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi une-`(Amaurosis Fugax)`, angase acele ukuhlolwa okuningana okuhlukene. Iningi lalokhu ukuhlolwa okuhlobene 'nempilo yakho yemithambo yegazi'. Nakhu ukuthi kubukeka kanjani:

• Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba: Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okuvamile.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi:
• Inani Eliphelele Legazi (i-CBC)
• Izinga likashukela egazini (`ukuhlolwa kukashukela egazini`)
• Bheka izinto ezifana nezikhathi zokujiya kwegazi.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe zesistimu yakho yemithambo yegazi:
• Izikena ze-Ultrasound: Lezi zisetshenziselwa ukuhlola isimo semithambo ye-carotid, ikakhulukazi entanyeni.
• Ukuskena kwe-MRI (`Isithombe Sokuzwakala Kwe-Magnetic - MRI`):Izithombe ezinemininingwane zobuchopho nemithambo yegazi zingathathwa.
• I-CT scan (`I-Computed Tomography - CT`): Lokhu kungathatha nezithombe zobuchopho nemithambo yegazi.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-ECG (`I-electrocardiogram`): Kuhlola ukusebenza kwenhliziyo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Holter monitor: Idivayisi ehlola izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo amahora angama-24 noma ngaphezulu.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-C-reactive protein (CRP): Kuhlola ukuvuvukala emzimbeni.
• Ukuhlolwa kwesilinganiso se-Erythrocyte sedimentation (ESR): Lokhu kunganikeza nombono wezimo zokuvuvukala.

Iyini indlela yokwelapha lokhu?

Ukwelashwa kwe-`(Amaurosis Fugax)` kuncike embangela. Ezinye zezimbangela esixoxe ngazo ngaphambilini, njenge-`(Stroke)` zidinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo. Uma kubangelwa esinye isimo, njenge-`(Giant Cell Arteritis), khona-ke kunezindlela ezithile zokwelapha leso simo.

Kalula nje, `(Amaurosis Fugax)` uphawu. Ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kungokwesifo esiyisisekelo esibangele leso sibonakaliso. Isibonelo:

• Uma imbangela kuyi -blood clot , imithi yokunciphisa igazi (njenge-aspirin) inganikezwa.
• Uma umthambo we-carotid uncishisiwe kakhulu (i-Carotid Artery Stenosis) , odokotela bangase batuse ukuthi uwuvule ngokuhlinzwa (i-Carotid Endarterectomy) noma ufake i-stent.
• Uma kuyisimo sokuvuvukala njenge -'Giant Cell Arteritis' , imithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala njenge-'steroids' inganikezwa.

Ngakho-ke, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthola imbangela ngokushesha bese uqala ukwelashwa okufanele.

Yini engingayilindela ngalesi simo?

Umbono wakho nge-`(Amaurosis Fugax)` uncike nakumbangela. Uma kuyisimo esibucayi njenge-`(Stroke),` kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

"(Amaurosis Fugax)" njengoba igama lisho, kuyisimo sesikhashana. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukulahlekelwa umbono kuzophela ngokwako ngemva kwesikhashana. Kodwa-ke, uma kunezimo zezokwelapha eziyisisekelo ezibangela lokhu, kuzodingeka zelashwe futhi zilawulwe.

Isibonelo, uma unesifo esifana ne-'Giant Cell Arteritis' noma i-'Multiple Sclerosis (MS)', kufanele ulandele ukwelashwa okunconywe udokotela wakho ngalezo zifo ngqo. Lapho isifo esiyisisekelo selashwa, uphawu `(Amaurosis Fugax)` nalo luzolawulwa.

Ingabe i-Amaurosis Fugax ingavinjelwa?

Ngeshwa, ayikho indlela yokuvimbela ngokuphelele `(Amaurosis Fugax)`. Kodwa-ke, unganciphisa ingozi yakho yokuthola lesi simo ngokuphatha impilo yakho iyonke kahle.

Ngingayinciphisa kanjani ingozi?

Lezi zinto zingasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yakho yokuthola isifo (i-Amaurosis Fugax):

• Lawula izimo ezingamahlalakhona: Lawula izimo ezikhona njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, kanye ne-cholesterol ephezulu. Thatha imithi yakho njengoba uqondiswe udokotela wakho.
• Ukulandela ukudla okunempilo: Yidla izithelo eziningi, imifino, ubhontshisi, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, inyama engenamafutha amaningi, nenhlanzi. Ukudla kwethu kwendawo nakho kunalokhu kudla okuningi okunempilo. (Isibonelo, ukudla kwaseMedithera kuthiwa kunempilo.) Nciphisa ukudla okunamafutha amaningi, ushukela, nosawoti ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo esikufanele: Zama ukugcina isisindo esifanele ubude bakho.
• Hlala umatasa ngokomzimba: Yenza okuthile njengokuhamba noma ukuzivocavoca okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku.
• Yeka ukubhema: Uma ubhema, cela usizo lokuyeka.
• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala: Uma uphuza utshwala, kungcono ukubunciphisa bube yizilinganiso ezilinganiselwe kakhulu, noma ubuyeke ngokuphelele.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela ngezinkinga zokubona?

Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma ulahlekelwa umbono wakho ngokuzumayo, noma ubuhlungu noma ungenabo, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Kuphathe njengesimo esiphuthumayo. Ungachithi isikhathi.

Ngisho noma kungesona isimo esiphuthumayo, yiya njalo ekuhlolweni kwamehlo njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho. Lokhu kungasiza ekutholeni ezinye izimo ngaphambi kokuba zivele.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami mayelana ne-Amaurosis Fugax?

Uma unemibuzo ngalokhu, ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho. Ungabuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ingabe i-"Amaurosis Fugax" yami ihlobene nanoma yisiphi esinye isimo sempilo?
• Endabeni yami, yini udokotela ayibheka njengesimo esiphuthumayo? (okungukuthi, yiziphi izimpawu okufanele ngizibone ngokushesha uma ngizithola?)
• Hlobo luni lokwelashwa olungincomayo?
• Yimiphi imiphumela engemihle engaba khona yalokho kwelashwa?
• Ingabe uncoma ukubona uchwepheshe ukuze athole ukwelashwa?
• Yiluphi uhlelo okufanele ngilulandele lapho ngihlolwa amehlo?

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele sizithathe ekhaya kule ndaba?

Kulungile, lezi ezinye zezinto okudingeka uzikhumbule kulokho ebesikhuluma ngakho kuze kube manje.

Uma kwenzeka ulahlekelwa umbono isikhashana nje – njengokungathi ikhethini liwile phambi kwamehlo akho – kungaba `(Amaurosis Fugax)`. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, noma uma ulahlekelwa umbono wakho ngokuzumayo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kufanele ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Odokotela bazosebenza nawe ukuze bathole ukuthi yini ebangela lesi simo `(Amaurosis Fugax)`, nokuthi ngabe unezinye izimo ezihlobene yini.

Ngokuvamile, uma kutholakala ukuxilongwa ngokushesha, ukwelashwa kungasheshe kuqale, futhi umphumela uba ngcono.

Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usezinhlungwini noma cha, ungangabazi ukufuna usizo uma ulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo. Futhi, ungangabazi ukucela udokotela wakho ukuthi akucacisele nganoma yimiphi imibuzo ongase ube nayo mayelana nokuxilongwa nokwelashwa. Impilo yakho ibaluleke kakhulu kuwe.

I- Amaurosis Fugax, ukulahlekelwa umbono okwesikhashana, ukubona, i-retina, ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi, i-TIA, isifo sohlangothi, ukukhubazeka