Ingabe umama wakho, ubaba, ugogo, noma umkhulu wakho bavame ukukhohlwa izinto ezincane muva nje? Ingabe ngokuzumayo bayakhohlwa ukuthi bazothini lapho bekhuluma? Ingabe bafuna ukuthi izihluthulelo zabo zikuphi noma ukuthi izibuko zabo zikuphi? Sivame ukucabanga ukuthi lezi zinto ziyizinto ezivamile ezenzeka njengoba sikhula. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kukhohlwa kungaba yinto engathi sína kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi uma ukhohlwa izehlakalo zakamuva futhi ukhumbula izinto ezenzeke eminyakeni edlule ngokucacile, kungaba uphawu lokuqala lwesifo i-Alzheimer's. Ungakhathazeki, ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe nangokulula.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Alzheimer's?
Isifo i-Alzheimer's yisifo esibhubhisa inkumbulo yakho kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Yisifo esithinta ubuchopho. Ezigabeni zokuqala, ungase ube nenkinga yokukhumbula izehlakalo zakamuva. Kodwa ngokumangazayo, ungase ukwazi ukukhumbula izinto ezenzeke eminyakeni edlule.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba lesi sifo siba sibi kakhulu, ezinye izimpawu ziqala ukuvela.
- Ubunzima bokugxila: Ukungakwazi ukugxila entweni eyodwa.
- Ubunzima bokwenza imisebenzi evamile: Ngisho nemisebenzi elula njengokwenza itiye noma ukwabelana ngokudla iyalibaleka.
- Udidekile futhi ukhungathekile: Izinto zifika engqondweni ngokulandelana, ikakhulukazi ebusuku.
- Izinguquko ezisheshayo zemizwa: Imizwa ephuthumayo yentukuthelo, ukucasuka, ukukhathazeka, kanye nokucindezeleka.
- Ukulahleka: Ukungakwazi ukuthola indlela yakho, ukukhohlwa ukuthi ukuphi.
- Izinkinga zomzimba: Indlela ohamba ngayo iyashintsha, ulahlekelwa yibhalansi yakho bese uyawa.
- Ubunzima bokukhuluma: Ubunzima bokuthola amagama, ubunzima bokuqonda okushiwoyo.
Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, ungase ukhohlwe izingane zakho namalungu omndeni wakho. Ungase ungakwazi ukuzigqokisa, ukudla, noma ngisho nokuya endlini yangasese wedwa. Lesi sifo sibhubhisa kancane kancane izicubu zobuchopho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lesi sifo sivame ukusabalala kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-65 .
Umehluko phakathi kwe-Alzheimer's kanye ne-Dementia
Abantu abaningi bayawadida la magama amabili. Ake sicacise.
I-Dementia akuyona igama lesifo esithile. Yigama elijwayelekile leqoqo lezimpawu ezithinta izinto ezifana nenkumbulo, ikhono lokucabanga, kanye nokuziphatha.
Kalula nje, i-dementia ifana "nomkhuhlane." Kunezimbangela eziningi ezahlukene zomkhuhlane, njengomkhuhlane we-dengue kanye ne-influenza. Ngokufanayo, kunezimbangela eziningi ze-dementia. Isifo se-Alzheimer siyimbangela evame kakhulu futhi ehamba phambili ye-dementia. Okusho ukuthi, i-dementia ingenzeka ngenxa yezinye izimbangela, ngisho nangaphandle kwesifo se-Alzheimer.
Yiziphi izigaba zesifo i-Alzheimer's?
Isifo se-Alzheimer siqhubeka kancane kancane ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko.
| Isigaba sesifo | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Isigaba sokuqala (Esincane) | Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izimpawu azibonakali. Yilabo abaseduze kakhulu nesiguli kuphela ababona izinguquko ezincane. Bangashayela imoto futhi bahlanganyele emisebenzini yomphakathi. Kodwa baqala ukukhohlwa imininingwane, ukuhlela umsebenzi, nokuthi izinto zikuphi. |
| Okumaphakathi | Lesi yisigaba eside kunazo zonke salesi sifo. Singahlala iminyaka eminingi. Izimpawu ziya ngokuya ziba zimbi, kanti abanye baqala ukubona lezi zinguquko kalula. Izinguquko zokuziphatha (intukuthelo, ukucasuka) zingase zibonakale kakhulu njengoba kuba nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Phakathi nalesi sigaba, isiguli sidinga umuntu ozosinika ukuphepha nokunakekela. |
| Isigaba sokugcina (Esinzima) | Kulesi sigaba, isiguli singadinga ukunakekelwa amahora angama-24. Singase singazi ukuthi sizungezile. Singase singakwazi ngisho nokwenza imisebenzi eyisisekelo njengokuhamba, ukuhlala phansi nokugwinya. Ukukhuluma kunzima kakhulu. |
Yiziphi izimbangela zesifo i-Alzheimer's?
Ososayensi abakayazi imbangela eqondile yesifo i-Alzheimer's. Kodwa akuyona into evamile yokuguga. Ukuthi kungani abanye abantu beyihlakulela kanti abanye bengayenzi kusacwaningwa. Kodwa bayazi ukuthi kwenzeka izinguquko ezimbili eziyinhloko ebuchosheni eziholela kulezi zimpawu:
1. Ukugoba kwe-neurofibrillary: Amangqamuzana emizwa ebuchosheni ahlangana njengamabhola entambo. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi ama-neurofibrillary tangles .
2. Ama-protein deposits: Uhlobo lweprotheni olubizwa ngokuthi ama-beta-amyloid plaques lubekwa phakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa.
Nakuba kungaziwa kahle ukuthi lokhu kulimala kwenzeka kanjani noma kungani kwenzeka, kutholakale ukuthi kunethonya lezakhi zofuzo. I-ApoE (i-apolipoprotein E) egazini lethuKusolwa ukuthi kunephrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-ApoE. Abantu abanezinhlobo ezithile ze-ApoE basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-Alzheimer's.
Uma othile emndenini wami enayo, nami ngizoyithola? (Ingabe iyizakhi zofuzo?)
Impendulo iyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Ayikho imbangela eyodwa yezakhi zofuzo yesifo i-Alzheimer's. Kodwa-ke, uma umama wakho, ubaba, noma umfowenu noma udadewabo babenalesi sifo, usengozini enkulu yokuba naso kunabanye. Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi nakanjani uzosithola.
Ungasithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Uma usola ukuthi unezimpawu ze-Alzheimer's, qala ubonane nodokotela womndeni wakho. Uzokudlulisela kudokotela wezinzwa uma kudingeka. Udokotela uzokubuza imibuzo wena kanye nelungu lomndeni wakho ukuze niqonde kangcono isimo senu.
Babuza ngqo ngalezi zinto:
- Ingabe zikhona izinkinga ngenkumbulo noma ukucabanga? Uma kunjalo, zinjani?
- Ingabe kube noshintsho ekuziphatheni kwakho noma ebuntwini bakho?
- Ingabe lezi zinkinga zithinte impilo yakho yansuku zonke?
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenziwa izivivinyo ezilandelayo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa:
- Ukuhlolwa kwemizwa: Ukuhlolwa okukala inkumbulo, ikhono lokuxazulula izinkinga, ukunaka, kanye nekhono lolimi.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo: Hlola ezinye izimo zezokwelapha.
- Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo: Hlola isimo sengqondo.
- Ukuskena kobuchopho: Ukuhlolwa okufana nokuskena kwe-CT, i-MRI, kanye ne-PET.
- Ukuthepha komgogodla: Ukuhlola uketshezi olusebuchosheni kanye nomgogodla (uketshezi lomgogodla - i-CSF).
Ukwelashwa nokuphathwa
Akukho ukwelashwa kwesifo i-Alzheimer's. Kodwa-ke, kunemithi eminingana enganciphisa ukuqhubeka kwalesi sifo futhi ilawule izimpawu . Le mithi ingasiza isiguli ukuba silondoloze impilo enhle isikhashana.
Isibonelo, imithi emisha efana ne-`Lecanemab (Leqembi)` kanye ne-`Donanemab (Kinsula)` izama ukulawula ukuqhubeka kwalesi sifo ngokususa iphrotheni eyingozi (i-beta-amyloid) eqoqana ebuchosheni. Odokotela batusa nemithi efana ne-`Cholinesterase inhibitors` kanye ne-`Memantine` ukulawula izimpawu.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuphuza le mithi kuphela ngaphansi kweseluleko sikadokotela . Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu kwesimo sakho.
Iseluleko kulabo abanakekela isiguli esine-Alzheimer's
Uma unomuntu omthandayo onalesi sifo, ukumnakekela kungaba yinselele futhi kube yisibusiso. Nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza ukuze wenze impilo yakhe ibe lula kancane:
- Dala isimiso: Zama ukugeza, ukupha ukudla, nokugqokisa ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ukudideka kwabo.
- Thatha imithi yakho ngesikhathi: Sebenzisa i-pill tracker ukuze ulandelele imithi yakho yansuku zonke. Uma ukugula kukubi kakhulu, thatha umthwalo wemfanelo ophelele wokuthatha imithi yakho.
- Yenza ikhaya lakho liphephe kakhudlwana: Susa amakhaphethi ashelelayo. Qiniseka ukuthi kunokukhanya okuhle. Faka imigoqo yokubamba endlini yokugezela nasendlini yangasese.
- Gqoka izingubo ezikhululekile: Khetha izingubo ezikhululekile, okulula ukuzigqoka ezine-elastic esikhundleni sezinkinobho nama-zipper.
- Yiba nesineke futhi uhloniphe: Khuluma nabo ngothando. Lalela lokho abakushoyo. Bafake engxoxweni. Ungavumeli isithunzi sabo sonakaliswe.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isifo i-Alzheimer's asiyona into evamile yokuguga. Siyisifo esithinta ubuchopho.
- Uma othile emndenini wakho ekhohlwa ngendlela engavamile noma ebonisa izinguquko ekuziphatheni, ungakushayi indiva lokho.
- Ngokuthola lesi sifo kusenesikhathi, izinga lokuqhubeka kwalesi sifo lingalawulwa futhi isiguli singanikezwa impilo engcono.
- Njengoba kunezindlela zokwelapha lokhu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela ofanelekayo ngokushesha okukhulu bese ucela iseluleko.
- Ukunakekela umuntu ogulayo kuyinselele. Ngakho-ke, njengomnakekeli, nakekela impilo yakho yengqondo neyomzimba. Cela usizo uma uludinga.
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