Ingabe ingane yakho ine-autism? Ake sifunde kabanzi ngalezi zindlela zokwelapha i-autism!

Uma udokotela ekutshela ukuthi ingane yakho encane ine-autism, ungase uzizwe ukhungathekile futhi wesaba kancane. Lokho kuvamile. Kodwa into ebalulekile ukuthi awuwedwa, futhi kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezingasiza ingane yakho. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingasiza ingane yakho ukuthuthukisa amandla ayo nokunqoba izinselele ebhekene nazo ekuphileni kwayo kwansuku zonke. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngalezi zindlela zokwelapha ze-autism.

Kuyini Ukwelashwa Nge-Autism? Masikuqonde kalula!

Kalula nje, ukwelashwa nge-autism kuyisethi yezindlela ezisiza ingane yakho ukuthi ifinyelele amandla ayo aphelele futhi iyisize ibhekane nezinselele ebhekene nazo. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zinikezwa ehhovisi likadokotela. Ezinye zinganikezwa ekhaya, esikoleni, noma kwezinye izindawo zomphakathi. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingahluka kakhulu. Kodwa ngokuvamile, zonke zizama ukusiza ingane yakho ukuthuthukisa amakhono ewadingayo ukuze ixhumane nomphakathi, ifunde izinto ezintsha, futhi isebenze ngokuzimela ngangokunokwenzeka.

I-Autism ayisona isifo, iwushintsho ekusebenzeni kobuchopho!

Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Odokotela bezingane nabanye abahlinzeki bezempilo sebeyaqonda ukuthi i-autism iwumehluko omncane endleleni ubuchopho bengane yakho obusebenza ngayo, okubizwa ngokuthi i-neurodivergence . Akusona isifo esingelapheka. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kwelashwa akuzami "ukulungisa" i-autism noma ukuphoqa ingane ukuba ifinyelele ohlakeni oluthile. Esikhundleni salokho, lokhu kwelashwa kunikeza izingane ezine-autism amakhono eziwadingayo ukuze zichume futhi ziphile ngenjabulo ezweni elingelula ngaso sonke isikhathi kulabo abanalo lolu hlobo lwe-neurodivergence.

Khumbula, i-autism iyingxenye yobuntu bomntwana. Ukwelashwa kuzama ukuhlonipha lobo buntu futhi kusize ingane ukuthi yenze impilo ibe lula.

Akuzona zonke izindlela zokwelapha ezifanayo, akunjalo? Masiqaphele izinkolelo ezingamanga!

Njengoba ufuna ukwelashwa okuzosiza ingane yakho, khumbula lokhu: Akuzona zonke izindlela zokwelapha i-autism ezisebenza kahle noma eziphephile ngokulinganayo. Ngezinye izikhathi, awukwazi njalo ukuthemba lokho okubonayo ku-inthanethi noma lokho okushiwo umngane onezinhloso ezinhle. Kunemibono eminingi eyiphutha kanye nokwaziswa okungaqondile mayelana ne-autism - izimbangela zayo kanye nokwelashwa kwayo.

Udokotela wakho wezingane kanye namanye amalungu eqembu lezempilo lengane yakho bazoncoma kuphela izindlela zokwelapha ezisekelwe ebufakazini . Lokhu kusho ukuthi lezi zindlela zokwelapha ziye zafakazelwa ukuthi ziphephile futhi ziyasebenza ngedatha evela ezifundweni ezithembekile neziklanywe kahle. Ngakho-ke, landela njalo iseluleko sikadokotela wakho.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezingcono kakhulu ze-autism? Ake sikhethe ukuthi yini efanela ingane!

Kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezingasiza ingane yakho. Kodwa-ke, akukho ukwelashwa okukodwa "okungcono kakhulu kuyo yonke ingane." Odokotela bengane yakho bazoncoma okukodwa noma ngaphezulu. Lapho benza isincomo, bazocabangela okulandelayo:

• Ukuthi ukwelashwa kufaneleka yini ngokweminyaka yengane kanye nezidingo zayo ezithile .
• Yiziphi ezinye izimo ezihambisanayo ingane enazo kanye ne-autism?
• Indlela lokhu kwelashwa okuhambisana ngayo nezifiso zomndeni wakho, ishejuli, kanye nokufinyeleleka kwayo .

Ngezinye izikhathi kungadingeka uzame izindlela zokwelapha eziningana ezahlukene ukuze uthole ukuthi yikuphi okusebenzela ingane yakho kangcono.

Nazi ezinye izinhlobo zokwelapha odokotela bengane yakho abangase baziphakamise:

• Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha
• Ukwelashwa kolimi lokukhuluma
• Ukwelashwa ngokomsebenzi nangokomzimba
• Ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhono okuxhumana nabantu
• Ukuqeqeshwa kwabazali

Manje ake sixoxe ngemininingwane eminingi ngalezi zindlela zokwelapha.

Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha

Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kuhilela ukukhuthaza ingane yakho ukuba ihlanganyele ekuziphatheni okuhle , njengokucela izinto ezifunayo. Kungasiza futhi ekunciphiseni ukuziphatha okunzima , okuhlanganisa nokuzilimaza.

Kukhona abantu abaqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile kulokhu, sibabiza ngokuthi yi-Board Certified Behavior Analysts (BCBAs) . Baklama lokhu kwelashwa ngokwemigomo ye -Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) . I-ABA iyithiyori yokufunda. Ithi indlela esiziphatha ngayo inqunywa yindawo esikuyo, ikakhulukazi izinto ezenzeka ngemva kwalokho kuziphatha (imiphumela). Ngokuvuza ukuziphatha okuhle nokungavuzi okunye ukuziphatha, ungasiza izingane zifunde ukuziphatha okuzoba wusizo empilweni.

Kodwa-ke, ezinsukwini zokuqala ze-ABA, kwakunezimpikiswano eziningi ngakho ngoba isijeziso sasisetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuziphatha okungafuneki. Lokho akusekho.

Izindlela zokwelapha zokuziphatha zamanje:

• Kusetshenziswa imivuzo (ukuqinisa okuhle). Imivuzo enikezwayo ngokufeza imigomo ethile ikhuthaza ingane ukuthi ifunde amakhono kanye nokuziphatha okudingekayo emsebenzini wesikole, ebudlelwaneni nabantu, kanye nokuphila kwansuku zonke.
• Ukusebenzisa umdlalo.Imisebenzi esekelwe ekudlaleni ingasiza izingane zifunde amakhono okuxhumana nabantu futhi zakhe ubudlelwano nontanga. Isibonelo, abelaphi bangabonisa izindlela ezahlukene zokudlala, noma bakhuthaze izingane ukuba ziyeke imikhuba yazo evamile yokudlala bese zizame into entsha.
• Ukuthola izimbangela zokuziphatha okunzima. Ngokuqonda ukuthi kungani ingane iziphethe ngendlela ethile, abahlinzeki bangakha uhlelo oluhlangabezana nezidingo zengane. Isibonelo, ingane ingase ithukuthele lapho ingakwazi ukuveza isidingo.
• Lokhu kwelashwa kunikezwa ezindaweni ezahlukene. Lokhu kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlelo. Okunye ukwelashwa kunikezwa endaweni ehlelekile, njengehhovisi lomhlinzeki. Okunye kunganikezwa ekhaya lakho, esikoleni sengane yakho, noma esikhungweni somphakathi lapho ingane yakho ivame ukuchitha khona isikhathi.
• Kungaba okwesikhathi esifushane noma eside. Ingane yakho ingathola ukwelashwa kokuziphatha izinyanga ezimbalwa, unyaka, noma ngisho nangaphezulu. Kuye ngezidingo zengane, ezizoshintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ezinye izinhlelo zihlanganisa amakhono ahlukahlukene, kanti ezinye zisiza ingane ukufeza umgomo othile wesikhathi esifushane.

Ezinye izibonelo zokwelapha ngokuziphatha

Uzothola izindlela eziningi zokwelapha i-autism ku-inthanethi. Ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nzima ukuzihlukanisa, noma ukwazi ukuthi zithembekile ngempela. Udokotela wakho wezingane angakutshela okwengeziwe ngalokho okufunayo, futhi angakusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo ezinobufakazi obuhle. Ukuze uqalise, nansi eminye yemithi ethandwayo, esekelwe ebufakazini:

• Ukungenelela Kokuziphatha Okujulile Kwasekuqaleni (i-EIBI): I-EIBI iqala ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-4 noma ngaphansi. Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukunikezwa iminyaka eminingana. Kubhekana nezinselele ezindaweni ezifana nokuxhumana, ubudlelwano bezenhlalo, kanye nokuziphatha okukhawulelwe noma okuphindaphindayo. Kwenziwa endaweni ehlelekile.
• Imodeli yeDenver Yokuqala Kwasekuqaleni (ESDM): I-ESDM yenzelwe izingane ezincane. Ilethwa ezindaweni zansuku zonke (ezibizwa nangokuthi "izindawo zemvelo"), njengasekhaya lakho. Isiza ekwakheni amakhono engane okuxhumana nabantu, okuqonda, kanye nolimi ngokudlala.
• Ukunaka Okuhlangene, Ukudlala Okungokomfanekiso, Ukuzibandakanya Nokulawula (JASPER): Indlela ye-JASPER isebenzisa nokudlala. Isetshenziselwa ukufundisa amakhono okuxhumana nabantu ezinganeni kusukela ezinyangeni ezingu-12 kuya eminyakeni engu-8 ubudala. Kwenziwa ezindaweni zemvelo, njengasekhaya lakho noma ekilasini lengane yakho.
• Ukwelashwa Kwempendulo Ebalulekile (i-PRT):Ama-PRT asiza izingane ukuba zithuthukise isifiso sokuxhumana nabanye futhi zithuthukise amakhono ayisisekelo okuxhumana nabantu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amakhono athile njengokuqala izingxoxo, ukuphendula abanye, nokulinda ithuba labo.
• Ukwelashwa Nokufundiswa Kwezingane Ezine-Autistic kanye Nezokuxhumana Okuhlobene Nazo Ezikhubazekile (TEACCH®): Indlela ye-TEACCH® isiza izingane ukuthuthukisa amakhono ahlukahlukene endaweni ehlelekile ehambisana namakhono azo kanye nezintandokazi zezinzwa.

Ukwelashwa Kolimi Lwenkulumo

Ukwelashwa ngenkulumo kanye nolimi kungasiza ingane yakho ithuthukise amakhono ayo okuxhumana . Kungenye yezindlela zokwelapha ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-autism. Nazi ezinye zezibonelo zezinto abelaphi benkulumo abangasiza ingane yakho ngazo:

• Funda ukusebenzisa imisho emifushane ukucela izinto ozifunayo.
• Prakthiza ukuveza imizwa yakho ngamazwi .
• Lungisa ijubane noma isigqi samagama akhulunywayo.
• Sebenzisa izindlela zokwandisa kanye nokuxhumana okuhlukile (i-AAC) . I-AAC ifaka izinto ezifana namadivayisi akhiqiza inkulumo, ulimi lwezandla, kanye namakhadi anezithombe noma izimpawu.

Ukwelashwa Komsebenzi Nokwenyama

Ukwelashwa Ngomsebenzi (OT) kusiza ingane ukuthi ithole amakhono adingekayo ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke (imisebenzi). Isibonelo, i-OT ingathuthukisa ikhono lengane lokwenza Imisebenzi Yokuphila Kwansuku Zonke (ADLs) njengokuxubha amazinyo nokugqoka. Ukwelashwa Ngomzimba (PT) kusiza ingane enamakhono amakhulu okunyakaza komzimba , ibhalansi, ukuqina kokuhamba, kanye nokuhamba ngezinzwane.

Laba belaphi bangaqondisa ingane ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene ukuze bathuthukise amandla ayo omzimba, ukuxhumanisa, kanye namakhono okunyakaza - ukunyakaza okudingekayo lapho ufunda, udlala, futhi uhlanganyela ezintweni zokuzilibazisa.

Ukuqeqeshwa Kwamakhono Omphakathi

Ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhono okuxhumana nabantu, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukungenelela kwamakhono okuxhumana nabantu eqenjini (GSSI) , kuyindlela eqondiwe yokusiza izingane zifunde ukusebenza ezimweni zomphakathi. Lokhu kuhlukile kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezakha amakhono okuxhumana nabantu njengengxenye yohlelo oluphelele olubhekana nezinkinga zomuntu ngamunye. Ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhono okuxhumana nabantu kwenziwa ngamaqembu. Ngokuvamile kuklanyelwe izingane ezincane kanye nentsha.

Ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhono okuxhumana nabantu kuhilela ukusebenzisa imiyalelo eqondile, imiboniso, izithombe, kanye nokulingisa indima ukusiza ingane ifunde ukusebenza kahle ezimweni zomphakathi.Ukusiza izingane zizizwe zizethemba futhi zikhululekile. Isibonelo, abanakekeli bangasiza izingane zenze izinto ezifana nalezi:

• Funda amasu okwakha ubudlelwano nontanga.
• Qonda izimpawu ezingezona ezezwi, njengokuxhumana emehlweni kanye nokubukeka kobuso.
• Bamba iqhaza ezingxoxweni eziphindaphindwayo .
• Phatha indlela obhekana ngayo nokuxhashazwa.

Ukuqeqeshwa Kwabazali

Lezi zinhlobo zokungenelela zikusiza, mzali, ukuthi ufunde amasu okusekela ingane yakho. Isibonelo, abahlinzeki bezokwelapha bangakufundisa izinto ezifana nalezi:

• Indlela yokulandela isibonelo sengane yakho .
• Izindlela zokuthola ukunakwa kwengane yakho .
• Indlela yokunikeza ingane yakho izinketho .
• Izindlela zokukhuthaza ukusebenzisana kontanga .

Kuye ngohlelo oluthile, ungase uthole lolu qeqesho njengeqembu nabanye abazali. Umsebenzi owenzayo ezifundweni zokuqeqesha abazali uzophelelisa, noma wengeze amandla, ekwelashweni okutholwa yingane yakho.

Lolu hlobo lokwelashwa lunikeza luphi usizo enganeni?

Ukwelashwa kwe-autism kungasiza ingane yakho ngezinto ezifana nalezi:

• Sebenzisa amakhono akhe kanye neziphiwo zakhe ngokugcwele .
• Khuluma ngendlela ehlangabezana nezifiso nezidingo zakhe .
• Yakha amakhono okuxhumana nabantu .
• Nciphisa izinselele zokuziphatha .
• Thola amakhono okuphila nsuku zonke asekela ukuzimela kwakhe .
• Ukubhekana ngempumelelo nokuguquka kwempilo - isibonelo, kusukela ebuntwaneni kuya ebusheni noma kusukela ebusheni kuya ebudaleni.

Kunini lapho ukwelashwa kuzuzisa khona kakhulu?

Ukwelashwa kwe-autism kunomthelela omkhulu wesikhathi eside uma kuqalwa ngaphambi kweminyaka emi-3. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ubuchopho bengane busakhula futhi buyakwazi ukwamukela ushintsho eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala yokuphila. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kunoma yimuphi ubudala kungaba wusizo futhi kusize ingane yakho. Into ebalulekile ukuthi uma uqala kusenesikhathi, kungcono.

Yini okufanele uyibheke lapho ukhetha ukwelashwa kwengane yakho?

Udokotela wakho wezingane angakuqondisa futhi anikeze izincomo. Ngokuvamile, nazi ezinye izici ezibalulekile okufanele uzibheke:

• Abanakekeli bazohlola izidingo zengane yakho.
• Abahlinzeki bakho bezokwelaphaBangachaza ukuthi intuthuko yengane izolinganiswa kanjani, futhi banemigomo ecacile okufanele ingane iyifinyelele.
• Kunabasebenzi abanele ukunikeza ingane ukunakekelwa komuntu ngamunye .
• Abahlinzeki baqeqeshwe kahle futhi bazokwabelana nawe ngeziqu zabo kanye nolwazi lwabo .
• Izintshisekelo zengane kanye nezinto ezithandwa yiyo ziyacatshangelwa lapho kunqunywa ukuthi ukwelashwa kuzonikezwa kanjani (isibonelo, lapho kunqunywa izinhlobo zokuqinisa okuhle).
• Odokotela bezokwelapha bayakwamukela ukubandakanyeka kwakho, okusho ukuthi bayalalela izifiso zakho futhi bakufundisa izinto ongazenza ukusiza ingane yakho ekhaya.

Ukwelashwa kwe-autism kufanele kube ngokukhulisa ingane yakho, nokuyihlonipha njengabantu ngabanye. Uma kukhona okungakuphathi kahle, noma uma uzizwa ungakhululekile nganoma yisiphi isici sohlelo lokwelashwa, lalela isifuba sakho bese uya kwenye indawo.

Ingane ngayinye ihlukile – futhi nendlela yokwelashwa kwayo kufanele ifane. Okusebenza enganeni eyodwa kungase kungasebenzi kweyakho, futhi lokho kulungile. Kungathatha ukuhlola okuthile ukuthola ukuthi yini esebenza kahle kakhulu ezidingweni zomndeni wakho. Futhi lezo zidingo zingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Thembela esiqondisweni sikadokotela wezingane zakho, futhi ubuze imibuzo eminingi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ufunda kanye nengane yakho. Kubalulekile ukufunda okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka mayelana nokwelashwa okuhlukene nokuthi kungakwenzelani. Lapho uthola ulwazi olwengeziwe, kulapho uzoba namathuluzi amaningi okusiza ingane yakho yakhe impilo eyifunayo neyifanele. Ungalokothi ulahle ithemba, ufuna okungcono kakhulu ngengane yakho!

I- Autism, Ukwelashwa kwe-Autism, i-Autism, Ukwelashwa kwe-Autism, Impilo Yabantwana, Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha, Ukwelashwa Ngenkulumo, Iseluleko Sokukhulisa Izingane, i-ABA, i-ESDM