Ingabe ingane yakho encane ayibheki abanye abantu emehlweni? Noma ingabe ichitha amahora amaningi inethoyizi elifanayo noma yenza into efanayo? Kulezi zinsuku, lapho abazali abaningi bebona into efana nale, ukwesaba okufika ngokushesha engqondweni ukuthi, "O, ingabe ingane yami ine-autism ?" Ngoba, i-autism, eyayingakaze izwakale eminyakeni engamashumi amabili noma engamashumi amathathu edlule, ikhulunywa ngayo yonke indawo namuhla. Yingakho kunengqondo ukwesaba ngisho noma ubona umehluko omncane enganeni. Kodwa, ingabe konke okubukeka njenge-autism kuyi-autism ngempela? Ake sixoxe ngakho namuhla.
Okokuqala, iyini i-autism?
Kalula nje, i-autism ayisona isifo, iyisimo. Ngokwezokwelapha, siyibiza ngokuthi i-autism spectrum disorder, noma i-'Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).' Yisimo esihlobene nokukhula kobuchopho bethu, noma 'ukuthuthukiswa kwemizwa'. Lokhu kungathinta amakhono okuxhumana engane (indlela ekhuluma ngayo, indlela exhumana ngayo) kanye nobudlelwano bomphakathi (indlela esebenza futhi edlala ngayo nabanye).
Igama elithi "spectrum" lisetshenziswa ngoba lesi simo sihlukile kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu. Cabanga ngaso njengothingo lwenkosazana. Njengoba nje umbala ngamunye unombala wawo, uhlobo kanye nokuqina kwezimpawu ezinganeni ezine-autism kuyahlukahluka kakhulu. Kwabanye abantwana, izimpawu zicashile kangangokuthi azibonakali kalula nakubantu bangaphandle. Kwabanye, izimpawu zingenza kube nzima ngabo ukusebenza ngisho nasezimpilweni zabo zansuku zonke.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungacabangi ukuthi ingane ine -autism ngoba nje inezimpawu , njengoba kungase kube nezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezingabangela izimpawu ezifanayo.
Yiziphi izimo ezingaphambaniswa ne-autism?
Enye inkinga yokungahlonzi kahle ingane ene-autism ukuthi ingase ingatholi ukwelashwa ekudingayo ngesimo sayo. Isibonelo, uma ingane ikhubazekile ngenxa yesimo esifana nobuthi be-lead, ukwelashwa okufanayo kwe-autism ngeke kusebenze. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela lo mehluko.
Izimpawu zalezi zimo zingafana kakhulu neze-autism.
| Isimo sokungaqondi kahle | Izimpawu ezifana ne-autism | Okufanele ukwazi |
|---|---|---|
| Ukukhuluma, ukuzwa, noma okunye ukubambezeleka kokukhula | Ukungakhulumi kahle ngokweminyaka yabo, ukuntuleka kwamakhono okuxhumana nabantu, ubunzima bokuqonda okushiwo abanye. | Kunezizathu eziningi ezenza ingane ikhule kancane. Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yezimo ezifana nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa, ubuthi be-lead, kanye ne-Down syndrome. |
| Ukubonisa isithakazelo esilinganiselwe noma esinamandla | Ukushisekela kakhulu into eyodwa (isib. amamephu, ukubuka umlandeli ejikeleza). | Nakuba lokhu kuvamile ezinganeni ezine-autism, lesi sici sodwa asikwenzi kube yi-autism. Ukuze ube ne-autism, kumele kube nezinye izici, njengezinkinga nobudlelwano bezenhlalo, ngaphezu kwalokho. |
| Ukufunda okusheshayo noma ukuhlakanipha okuphezulu (i-Hyperlexia) | Ikhono lokufunda ngisemncane kakhulu, kodwa kunzima ukudlulisa imibono. | Akuzona zonke izingane ezine-'Hyperlexia' ezine-autism. Lezi zimo ezimbili zingaba khona noma cha. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukunquma ngokusekelwe kulolu phawu kuphela. |
| Izinkinga Zokucubungula Izinzwa | Ukungathandi ukukhanya okukhanyayo, imisindo emikhulu, noma ukuthintwa. Ukucasuka noma ukungakhulumi ngalesi sikhathi. | Lokhu futhi kuyisici esivamile phakathi kwezingane ezine-autism. Kodwa-ke, izinkinga zezinzwa nazo zingaba yisimo esihlukile. Endabeni ye-autism, kungase kube nezinye izici (isib., ukubambezeleka kokukhuluma) nazo. |
| Izinkinga ezahlukene zengqondo | Ukuphindaphinda okukhulu kwento efanayo, ukuhoxa emphakathini, izinkinga zokuxhumana. | Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale njenge-autism, kungabangelwa ezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo. Izibonelo zifaka: I-Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), I-Avoidant Personality Disorder, I-Social (pragmatic) Communication Disorder, I-Reactive Attachment Disorder, kanye, ngokungavamile, i-Schizophrenia ezinganeni. |
| Izinkinga Zofuzo | Ukukhula kwenkulumo okulibazisekile, ukukhubazeka kokufunda. | Ezinye izifo zofuzo (isib. i-Tuberous Sclerosis) zenzeka kanye ne-autism. Kodwa-ke, izimo ezifana ne-22q11.2 deletion syndrome cishe zibhekwa njenge-autism ngoba izimpawu zifana kakhulu. |
Ungakhohlwa ukubuza udokotela wakho ngalezi zinto.
Uma unenkinga ngengane yakho, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubona udokotela wezingane . Udokotela uzohlola intuthuko yengane, ukuziphatha kwayo, kanye nomlando wayo wezempilo ophelele.
Uma-ke, uma kusolwa ukuthi une-autism, udokotela uzokudlulisela eqenjini lochwepheshe. Leli qembu lingafaka phakathi odokotela bezinzwa, odokotela bezifo zengqondo, odokotela bezengqondo, kanye nabelaphi bezenkulumo. Bazosebenzisa izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene kanye nokubuka ukuze bathole ukuthi ingane ine-autism noma esinye isimo.
Uma ubona udokotela wakho, ungangabazi ukubuza le mibuzo:
- "Dokotela, ingabe uke wahlola ukuzwa kwengane yami?" Ngezinye izikhathi izinkinga zokuzwa zingabangela ukubambezeleka kokukhuluma . Kungaphanjaniswa kalula ne-autism.
- "Ingabe kukhona okunye ukuhlolwa okufanele sikwenze?" Isibonelo, uma uhlala ekhaya elidala futhi upende uyaxebuka, ungase ufune ukucela ukuthi kuhlolwe amazinga e-lead egazini lengane yakho.
- "Ngingabona uchwepheshe ngalokhu?" Uma udokotela wakho ethi ingane yakho ine-autism, kodwa ungakamboni uchwepheshe, njengodokotela wezinzwa noma wezifo zengqondo, cela i-referral. Kubalulekile ukuthola ulwazi olwengeziwe.
- "Ngisho noma singaqiniseki ukuthi siyini isimo, singaqala ukwelashwa?" Isikhathi esiningi impendulo ithi "yebo." Uma ingane yakho inokukhubazeka kokukhula, ungaqala ukwelashwa ngokwelashwa nge-speech therapy, i-occupational therapy, noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ngaphandle kokulinda ukuthola ukuthi imbangela iyi-autism.`) noma ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhono okuxhumana nabantu. Lokhu kuzozuzisa ingane nakanjani.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Autism akuyona inkinga enezimpawu ezilodwa. Iyinhlobo engahluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu.
- Kunezinye izimo eziningi zempilo nezengqondo ezibonisa izimpawu ezifana ne-autism.
- Ungalokothi uzinqumele ukuthi ingane yakho ine-autism ngokusekelwe kulokho okufundayo ku-inthanethi noma okuzwa kwabanye. Ukuxilongwa okunembile kubalulekile.
- Uma unenkinga ngokuziphatha kwengane yakho, cela iseluleko kudokotela ofanelekayo ngokushesha. Uma kudingeka, ungangabazi ukufuna usizo lwethimba lochwepheshe.
- Ukuxilongwa okunembile kanye nokwelashwa okusheshayo kunganikeza ingane yakho ukwesekwa ekudingayo ukuze iphile impilo ephumelelayo.
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