Wake waphawula ukuthi umama, ubaba, ugogo, noma umkhulu wakho bayakhohlwa izinto njengoba bekhula? Ngezinye izikhathi kuyinto evamile ukukhohlwa ukuthi izikhiye zakho zikuphi, igama lomuntu, noma ukuthi ubuzokwenzani. Nakuba singase sicabange ukuthi yilokhu "okwenzekayo lapho sikhula khona," ngezinye izikhathi uma lokhu kukhohlwa kuba nzima kangangokuthi kwenza kube nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke, kungaba ukuqala kwesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-dementia. Ungakhathazeki, sizoxoxa ngalokhu ngendlela elula namuhla, ukuze uqonde.
Kuyini ngempela i-Dementia?
Kalula nje, i-dementia ayisona isifo esisodwa. Iyiqoqo lezimpawu. Ibangelwa ukulimala kwamangqamuzana ethu obuchopho, okwenza kancane kancane ikhono lethu lokucabanga, ukukhumbula, ukucabanga nokusebenzisa ulimi libe buthaka. Lesi simo singasithinta kuze kube yilapho singasakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke sodwa.
Cabanga nge-dementia njengesambulela esikhulu. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezifo ngaphansi kwaleso sambulela. Esibaluleke kakhulu futhi esiye sazwiwa ngabantu abaningi yisifo i-Alzheimer's . Abantu abangu-70%-80% abanesifo sokuwohloka komqondo banesifo sokuwohloka komqondo esibangelwa yisifo i-Alzheimer's. Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izifo ezingaba ngu-50 ezibangela i-dementia ngaphandle kwe-Alzheimer's.
Ungadidanisi i-dementia ne-delirium.
Ngezinye izikhathi ungase ubone umuntu osekhulile ephazamiseka ngokuzumayo futhi enze sengathi uyaphambana ingqondo. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ukuphambana kwengqondo. Lokhu kuhluke kakhulu ekuphazamisekeni kwengqondo.
- Ukusangana: Lesi yisimo esivele ngokuzumayo phakathi nosuku noma ezimbili . Singabangelwa izifo, imithi ethile, noma ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Sivame ukwelashwa futhi silapheke ngokuphelele .
- I-Dementia: Lesi yisimo esikhula kancane kancane ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni . Ngokuvamile kunzima ukusibuyisela emuva.
Ingabe i-dementia imane nje iyingxenye evamile yokuguga?
Lena inkinga abantu abaningi abanayo. Kuvamile ukukhohlwa izinto ezincane njengoba sikhula. Kodwa i-dementia ihlukile. Masiwuqonde kahle lo mehluko.
| Ukuguga Okuvamile | Izimpawu ze-Dementia |
|---|---|
| Ngezinye izikhathi ngiyalikhohlwa igama lothile, kodwa ngiyalikhumbula kamuva. | Ngize ngikhohlwe amagama ezihlobo zami eziseduze nabangane bami. |
| Ngifuna ikhabethe lesibuko, lapho kwakukhona khona ukhiye, kodwa ngiyakhumbula ngemva kwesikhashana. | Izinto zifakwa ezindaweni ezingavamile (isib., ukhiye ufakwa ebhodleleni likashukela) futhi azikhumbuli ukuthi zibekwe kanjani. |
| Ngisho noma ungakhumbuli nelilodwa igama, usengakwazi ukuqhubeka nengxoxo. | Bayakhohlwa ngisho namagama alula, baphushe amagama lapho bekhuluma, noma basebenzise amagama angafanele. |
| Imisebenzi yansuku zonke (ukupheka, ukukhokha izikweletu) ingenziwa ngokujwayelekile. | Kuba nzima ukwenza umsebenzi owujwayele kahle (isib. ukwenza itiye), bese izinyathelo ziyadideka. |
| Ikhono lokwenza izinqumo livamile. | Unenkinga yokukhetha phakathi kokulungile nokungalungile, wenza izinqumo ezingavamile (isib., ukugqoka izingubo zasebusika ehlobo). |
Khumbula, ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo okuvamile okuhlobene nokuguga akunawo umthelela omkhulu empilweni yakho yansuku zonke. Kodwa nge-dementia, umthelela uba sobala kakhulu.
Yiziphi izimbangela ze-dementia?
I-dementia ibangelwa ukulimala kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa (ama-neurons) ebuchosheni bethu kanye nokulahlekelwa ukuxhumana phakathi kwawo. Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi lo monakalo wenzeka kuphi ebuchosheni.
Izizathu eziyinhloko yilezi:
- Isifo sika-Alzheimer: Kulesi sifo, amaprotheni angafuneki (ama-amyloid plaques) aqoqana phakathi kwamangqamuzana obuchopho bese kuthi olunye uhlobo lweprotheni (ama-tau tangles) luhlangane ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amangqamuzana afe.
- I-Vascular Dementia: Isimo esibangelwa ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi ethwala igazi liye ebuchosheni. Singabangelwa izimo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, i-cholesterol ephezulu, kanye nesifo sohlangothi.
- I-Lewy body dementia (LBD): Lesi simo sibangelwa ukwakheka kwamaqoqo amaprotheni angajwayelekile abizwa ngokuthi imizimba ye-Lewy ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana obuchopho.
- I-Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD):Kubangelwa ukulimala kwamangqamuzana asezinhlakeni zangaphambili nezesikhashana zobuchopho. Lokhu kungaholela ezinguqukweni ezinkulu ekuziphatheni nasebuntwini.
- Ukulimala okukhulu ekhanda: Ukulimala okukhulu ekhanda okubangelwa izingozi nakho kungabangela i-dementia esikhathini eside.
Ngaphezu kwalokho , izimbangela ezingelapheka njengokuntuleka kwe-vitamin B12, izinkinga zama-hormone e-thyroid, kanye nezinye izifo nazo zingabangela izimpawu ezifana ne-dementia. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela ngokushesha nje lapho uhlangabezana nezinkinga zokukhumbula ukuze uthole imbangela eqondile.
Yiziphi izinto eziyingozi? - Izinto okufanele siziqaphele
Kunezici eziningana ezandisa ingozi yokuthola i-dementia:
- Ubudala: Ingozi iyanda kancane kancane ngemva kweminyaka engu-65.
- Umlando womndeni: Uma othile emndenini wakho (umama, ubaba, izingane zakini) eke waba nesifo sengqondo, nawe usengozini enkulu kancane.
- Isifo senhliziyo: Ukungazilawuli izinto ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela kanye ne-cholesterol ephezulu.
- Indlela Yokuphila: Ukubhema, ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile, ukudla okungenampilo, kanye nokungazivocavoci.
- Ukucindezeleka: Ukucindezeleka kwesikhathi eside kanye nokucindezeleka nakho kuyizinto eziyingozi.
- Ukuzihlukanisa nabantu: Ukuba wedwa ngaphandle kokuxhumana nabantu nokuxhumana nabanye akukuhle empilweni yobuchopho.
Ungazibona kanjani izimpawu ze-dementia?
Ezigabeni zokuqala ze-dementia, izimpawu zingase zibe zingabonakali, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ziba sobala kakhulu.
- Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo yesikhashana: Ukukhohlwa okwashiwo esikhathini esifushane esidlule, ukubuza umbuzo ofanayo ngokuphindaphindiwe.
- Izinkinga zokuxhumana: Ubunzima bokuthola amagama afanele lapho ukhuluma, ukukhubeka ngalokho ozama ukukusho.
- Ukulahleka: Ukungakwazi ukuthola indlela yakho endleleni enyathelwe kahle, ngisho nasesigodini sakini.
- Ubunzima bokwenza imisebenzi ejwayelekile: Ukudideka kwezinyathelo zemisebenzi elula njengokwenza itiye, ukupheka ukudla, noma ukukhokha ibhili.
- Izinguquko ebuntwini nasekuziphatheni: Ukuba nentukuthelo, ukucasuka, ukusola, noma ukunganaki kunangaphambili.
- Ukubona noma ukuzwa izinto ezingajwayelekile (Imibono Engaqondakali): Ukuthi ubona noma uzwa izinto ezingekho ngempela.
- Ukukhohlisa: Ukukholelwa ngokuqinile ezintweni ezingelona iqiniso (isib. ukucabanga ukuthi othile webe imali).
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-dementia?
Nakuba izinhlobo eziningi ze-dementia zingelapheki ngokuphelele, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezingalawula izimpawu futhi zinciphise ukuqhubeka kwesifo.
1. Imithi:
- Izithibi ze-Cholinesterase(Isib: i-Donepezil, i-Rivastigmine): Lokhu kusebenza ngokwandisa amazinga ekhemikhali ebuchosheni esiza ngenkumbulo nokucabanga. Lokhu kuvame ukunikezwa ezigabeni zokuqala neziphakathi zesifo i-Alzheimer's.
- I-Memantine: Lokhu kusiza ukulawula izimpawu ezigabeni eziphakathi nezinzima zesifo.
- Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela angase anikeze neminye imithi yokulawula izinkinga zokuziphatha (ukukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka).
2. Izindlela zokwelapha ezingezona izidakamizwa:
- Ukwelashwa Kwabasebenzi: Kufundisa isiguli kanye nabanakekeli indlela yokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke ngokuphepha nangokulula.
- Ukulungisa indawo: Kubalulekile ukunciphisa izinto ezingadingeki ekhaya nokudala indawo elula, engenazinto eziningi. Gcina izinto ezingaba yingozi esigulini (imimese, umentshisi) kude nokubonakala.
- Isimiso esiqhubekayo: Ukudala isimiso esifana nokudla, ukugeza, nokulala ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke kunganciphisa ukukhathazeka kwesiguli.
Ungaphila kanjani nesifo sokulahlekelwa yingqondo? - Iseluleko seziguli nabanakekeli
Ukuthola ukuxilongwa kwesifo sokulahlekelwa yingqondo kungaba yinto eshaqisayo kokubili isiguli kanye nomndeni waso. Kodwa-ke, ngokusekelwa nokuhlela okufanele, kungenzeka ukuphila impilo enhle.
Kusiguli:
- Hlala umatasa: Zibandakanye ekuzivocavoceni ngokomzimba kanye nemidlalo evuselela ubuchopho (amaphazili, i-chess).
- Yiba nobudlelwano nabantu: Khuluma nabangani nezihlobo.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo: Yidla ukudla okunempilo.
- Khuluma ngemizwa yakho: Yabelana ngemizwa yakho nomuntu omethembayo.
Kwabanakekeli:
- Yiba nesineke: Uma bebuza into efanayo ngokuphindaphindiwe, lalela ngesineke. Ungazami ukuphikisana nabo.
- Khuluma kalula: Khuluma ngemisho emifushane nelula. Ungabuzi imibuzo eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa.
- Nakekela ukuphepha: Qinisekisa ukuphepha kwabo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwekhaya.
- Cabanga nangawe: Ukunakekela umuntu onesifo sokuwohloka komqondo kungaba nzima ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba. Ngakho-ke zinike isikhathi sokuphumula futhi ucabange ngempilo yakho. Cela usizo uma uludinga.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-dementia akuyona isifo esisodwa, kodwa iqoqo lezimpawu ezibangela ukuba amakhono okukhumbula nokucabanga anciphe.
- Kunomehluko ocacile phakathi kokukhohlwa okuvamile okwenzeka ngokuguga kanye nokuwohloka komqondo.
- Uma usola ukuthi wena noma othandekayo wakho unezimpawu ze-dementia,Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubonana nodokotela ngokushesha okukhulu.
- Nakuba ezinye izinhlobo ze-dementia zingelapheki ngokuphelele, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila.
- Uthando, isineke, kanye nokusekelwa kubaluleke kakhulu phakathi nalolu hambo, kokubili esigulini nakuwe, umnakekeli.
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