Ingabe kukhona ukungafani okuncane phakathi kwamehlo akho nobuchopho bakho? Ake sifunde nge-Binocular Vision Dysfunction (BVD)!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uphathwa yikhanda? Noma uzizwa sengathi imigqa yombhalo iyagxuma noma ubona izinto ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa lapho ufunda incwadi noma iphephandaba? Noma ingabe amehlo akho ngezinye izikhathi azizwa ekhathele futhi esinda? Esinye sezizathu zalezi zinto kungaba inkinga encane ngokuxhumana phakathi kwamehlo akho nobuchopho bakho. Sizokhuluma ngesimo esinjalo namuhla. Sibizwa ngokuthi ukungasebenzi kahle kombono we-binocular, noma njengoba odokotela besibiza `(Ukungasebenzi Kahle Kombono We-Binocular - BVD)`.

Kuyini Ukungasebenzi Kahle Kokubona Kwe-Binocular?

Kalula nje, i-Binocular Vision Dysfunction (BVD) yilapho amehlo akho nobuchopho bakho kungasebenzi kahle. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, asiboni umhlaba njengesithombe esisodwa, esicacile. Akusona isifo esisodwa, kufana nesambulela. Kungaba nezimo eziningi ezahlukene ngaphansi kwaleso sambulela. Ngayinye yalezo zimo ingaba nezimbangela zayo ezihlukile.

Uma sibheka ngamehlo womabili, iso elilodwa lithumela izimpawu ezimbalwa ezahlukene ebuchosheni, kanti elinye iso lithumela izimpawu ezimbalwa ezahlukene. Yilapho umbono we-binocular uqala khona. Kunezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko zombono we-binocular:

1. Ukubona kwe-Macular : Enkabeni ye-retina ngaphakathi kweso lakho kukhona ingxenye ebizwa ngokuthi i-macula . Yilokhu okusivumela ukuthi sibone izinto eziphambi kwethu, ikakhulukazi imininingwane emincane. Ukubona kwe-Macular kusho ukuthi womabili amehlo angabona into efanayo ngokucacile. Leli izinga elilula kakhulu lokubona kwe-binocular.

2. Ukuhlanganiswa : Yilapho ubuchopho bakho busebenzisa khona izimpawu ezivela emehlweni womabili ukudala izithombe ezimbili ezihlukene, bese "zizihlanganisa", zihlanganise izingxenye ezifanayo ukuze kudalwe isithombe esikhulu esisodwa. Cabanga ngakho njengokunamathisela izithombe ezimbili ndawonye.

3. I-Stereopsis : Leli yizinga elithuthuke kakhulu lokubona nge-binocular. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ubuchopho bakho bungenza okungaphezu nje kokuhlanganisa izithombe ezimbili ndawonye. Busebenzisa umehluko omncane kuma-engeli namabanga amehlo akho abona ngawo izinto ukuze bukunike umbono we-3D kanye nokuqonda okujulile . Yile ndlela esazi ngayo kahle ukuthi into ikude kangakanani nokuthi ijule kangakanani.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo `(BVD)`?

Kunezimo eziningi ngaphansi kwegama elihlanganisa igama elithi ``BVD''. Nakuba eziningi zingavamile kakhulu, ezinye zivamile kakhulu. Isibonelo esiyinhloko sithi ``iso elivilaphayo'' noma, ngokwezokwelapha, ``i-amblyopia'' . E-United States kuphela, abantu abaphakathi kwezigidi eziyisithupha neziyi-13 bahlushwa yilesi simo. Kukhona nabantu abanalesi simo eSri Lanka.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-BVD?

Ubuchopho bakho busebenzisa umbono we-binocular ukudala noma ukusekela ezinye izinqubo namakhono amaningi. Ezinye zazo zingase zibonakale zingahlobene namehlo, kodwa i-BVD ingaphazamisa noma iyiphi yalezi zinqubo. Eminye yemiphumela mincane, ngakho ayibangeli inkinga enkulu. Kodwa eminye ingaba yisiphazamiso esikhulu, ngezinye izikhathi iphazamise umsebenzi wakho noma izinto ozithandayo.

Imiphumela ehlobene nobuhlungu

Uma une-BVD, amehlo akho nobuchopho bakho kufanele kusebenze kanzima ukulungisa nokubuyisela emuva ukulahlekelwa. Lokhu kucindezeleka okwengeziwe kungabangela ukuba imisipha ezungeze amehlo akho icindezeleke. Lokhu kungabangela nokuqina kwekhanda nentamo yakho, okungaholela ekhanda elibuhlungu . Izimo ezibuhlungu ezingase zenzeke nge-BVD zifaka:

• Ubuhlungu bamehlo.
• Ukucindezeleka kwamehlo (i-asthenopia).
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu.
• Ubuhlungu lapho uhambisa amehlo.

Imiphumela ehlobene nombono

Izinkinga zokubona zingabangelwa yi-BVD noma zibangelwe yi-BVD. Ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ukubona ukuthi ezinye izinkinga zibangelwa yi-BVD noma ukuthi ezinye izinkinga zibangela i-BVD. Izinkinga zokubona ezingaba khona nge-BVD zifaka:

• Umbono ofiphele, umbono ongacacile.
• Ukubona izinto ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa (i-diplopia) .
• Ukuzwela ukukhanya (i-photophobia).
• Ukubona izinto ngokucacile njengokungathi zizungezwe yizithunzi.
• Ubunzima bokubona (ukugxila) izinto eziseduze ngokucacile.
• Ukuncipha kokubona ebusuku (`nyctalopia`).
• Ubunzima bokubuka izikrini zekhompyutha kanye nezikrini zefoni (`i-computer vision syndrome`).
• Ubunzima bokubona noma ukubona izinto ezincane, ezingacacile, noma ezikude.

Eminye imiphumela engahlobene nombono, kodwa ezwakalayo

Lokhu kuhlobene nezinye izinzwa, kodwa ukubona kuyasiza kulokhu. Isibonelo esihle ukulinganisela komzimba wakho. Lokhu kuvela kakhulu endlebeni yakho yangaphakathi. Kodwa ulwazi oluvela emehlweni akho luphinde lusize izinzwa zokulinganisela endlebeni yakho. Isibonelo, uma ufunda incwadi ngenkathi ushayela, abanye abantu bazizwa befuna ukuhlanza ngenxa yokungalingani. Nazi ezinye zemiphumela engenzeka nge-BVD:

• Izinkinga ngokulinganisela komzimba.
• Izinkinga zokuhlanganisa izinto (ikakhulukazi ukuhlanganisa izinto ngesandla namehlo). Isibonelo, ukuba nobunzima bokubamba ibhola noma ukuphonsa ukhiye.
• Ukuzizwa udidekile (Ukudideka).
• Ukuzizwa unesizungu noma uzizwa ukhathazekile.
• Sekuzowa.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza lapho usohambweni (isicanucanu).
• Ubunzima bokuhamba emgqeni oqondile, ukungqubuzana njalo nefenisha neminyango.
• Ukuzizwa sengathi uyajikeleza ngisho noma umile ungashukumi (vertigo).

Imiphumela ehlobene nokufunda

Le miphumela ingavela uma ufunda. Ezinganeni, lokhu kungabonakala njengokukhubazeka kokufunda njenge-dyslexia.Othisha abaqeqeshwe ukuhlonza ubunzima bokufunda bangakubona lokhu ezinganeni. Kodwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi lokhu kungenxa ye-``(BVD)`` noma okunye, kuthatha izivivinyo eziningana ezahlukene. Imiphumela ekufundeni:

• Ukuzizwa ukhathele emehlweni.
• Ukweqa imigqa noma amakhasi njalo ngenkathi ufunda (lokhu kuhlanganisa nokufunda ngento efana nebhukumaka noma umunwe).
• Kudingeka ngiyifunde izikhathi eziningana ukuze ngiyiqonde kahle, futhi noma kunjalo kunzima ukuyiqonda.
• Ukuvula indlela yemigqa lapho ufunda.
• Uchungechunge olude lwezinombolo (ikakhulukazi olunenombolo efanayo ephindaphindwayo) kunzima ukulufunda, ngoba alubonakali kahle ngaphandle kophawu olufana nekhefana.
• Amagama abonakala enamathele ndawonye.

Imiphumela yengqondo

Konke lokhu kwenzeka ngoba izinkinga zokubona zenza kube nzima ngawe ukubhekana nezimo noma izindawo ezithile. Izibonelo:

• Gwema izindawo ezinabantu abaningi, ngoba lapho-ke uzozwa ukugcwala kwemizwa futhi uzizwe uthwele kanzima, ukhathazekile futhi wesaba.
• Ubunzima bokuhlala ezindaweni ezikhanyayo nezinemibala egqamile, njengezitolo ezinkulu kanye nezitolo ezinkulu.
• Ukwesaba okungavamile izindawo zomphakathi noma izindawo ezinkulu/ezivulekile (`i-agoraphobia`).
• Ukuzizwa wesaba noma ukhathazekile ngemisebenzi engase ibonakale kwabanye, njengokushayela noma ukudlala imidlalo, noma engaba yingozi.
• Ubunzima bokubhekana emehlweni lapho ukhuluma ubuso nobuso.

Kungani lokhu `(BVD)` kwenzeka?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinto ezingabangela noma ezingabangela i-BVD:

• Izinkinga zamehlo.
• Izinkinga zamehlo.
• Izinkinga zobuchopho.
• Izinkinga ezibangelwa ukuhlanganiswa kwezici eziningana (izici eziningi).

Izinkinga zokubona

Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinguquko zomzimba noma ukuphambuka endleleni amehlo akho agxila ngayo ukukhanya ku-retina. Isibonelo, amaphutha okubheka ukukhanya:

• Ubunzima bokubona eduze njengoba ukhula (i-presbyopia).
• Ukungabi naso isigqi.
• Ukubona kude (izinto ezikude zicacile, izinto eziseduze azicacile - `hyperopia`).
• Ukubona okufushane (izinto eziseduze zicacile, izinto ezikude azicacile - `i-myopia`).

Izinkinga zamehlo

Lokhu kubhekisela ezinguqukweni endleleni amehlo akho ahamba noma asebenzisana ngayo. Isibonelo, izimo lapho amehlo engalingani kahle. I-Strabismus (amehlo ahlanganisiwe) kanye ne-amblyopia (iso elivilaphayo) yizibonelo ezimbili ezivamile zalokhu.

Izinkinga ze-neurological

Lezi yizinkinga zesimiso sezinzwa. Zingafaka phakathi izinkinga ngokusebenza kwezinye zezinzwa ezilawula ukunyakaza kwamehlo, noma izinkinga ngendlela i-retina yakho kanye nezinzwa ze-optic ezisebenza ngayo. Zingafaka futhi izinkinga zobuchopho bakho obungakwazi ukucubungula ulwazi oluthola ekuboneni kwakho ngendlela efanele.

Kunezimo eziningi ezahlukene ezingabangela lokhu. Ezinye izibonelo:

• Izimo ezithile zobuchopho, isibonelo i-migraines noma i-stroke.
• Izimo ezithile zemizwa, isibonelo, ukukhubazeka kwemizwa kwesithupha.
• Izimo ze-neurological, isibonelo, i-Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

I-BVD ibangelwa yinhlanganisela yezici eziningana.

Ezinye izimo azikwazi ukufakwa kwesinye sezigaba ezingenhla. Kunalokho, zingabangela izinhlobo eziningana zezinkinga.

Ukulimala ekhanda, ikakhulukazi lokho okusebuchosheni (ukuxhuzula noma ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu - ama-TBI), kuyisibonelo salokhu. Abantu abaye balimale ekhanda bangaba nezinkinga zokuqondana kwamehlo kanye nendlela ubuchopho obucubungula ngayo ulwazi oluvela embonweni. Esinye isibonelo yi-vestibular migraines. Lokhu kungathinta ngokuzumayo umbono wakho, ibhalansi, kanye nokusebenza kobuchopho.

Futhi, umuntu angaba nezimo eziningana ezibangela i-BVD. Isibonelo, umuntu ozelwe ene-amblyopia (iso elivilaphayo) angase abe nesifo sohlangothi lapho esemdala. Nakuba lezi zimo ezimbili zenzeka ngezikhathi ezahlukene empilweni, zombili zingabangela i-BVD kamuva ekuphileni.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-`(BVD)`?

Kunezinkinga eziningana ezingaba khona nge-BVD. Kuya ngokuthi yini eyibangele, ukuthi yenzeke nini empilweni yakho, nokuthi yiziphi ezinye izimo zempilo onazo. Udokotela wakho wamehlo ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ukukutshela ngezinkinga ezingaba khona ezihlobene nesimo sakho.

`(BVD)` kanye nokulahlekelwa umbono okungavinjelwa

Izingane zingaba nenkinga enkulu nehlala njalo ebizwa ngokuthi "i-lazy eye" (i-amblyopia), ewela ngaphansi kwesigaba se-"BVD." Ngenhlanhla, le nkinga ivame ukuvinjelwa uma iqashelwa kusenesikhathi ukuze yelashwe.

Uma une-BVD, ubuchopho bakho bunenkinga yokuhlanganisa nokusebenzisa ulwazi oluvela emehlweni womabili. Uma lokhu kwenzeka ezinganeni, ubuchopho bazo buqala ukuthembela kakhulu kwelinye iso kunelinye. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, iso elingasetshenziswa liba buthakathaka.

Kodwa-ke, ukuze izindawo zobuchopho bengane ezicubungula umbono zikhule kahle, zidinga ukuthola ulwazi olufanele kuzo zombili amehlo. Uma ziyeka ukusebenzisa iso elilodwa ngenxa ye-amblyopia, leyo ndawo yobuchopho ngeke ikhule kahle. Kunalokho, ukuntuleka kolwazi oluwusizo konakalisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwamangqamuzana obuchopho kuleyo ndawo, okugcina kuba yinto ehlala njalo. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlonza nokwelapha i-amblyopia, ikakhulukazi zisencane.

Lesi simo `(BVD)` sitholakala kanjani?

I-BVD ivame ukuhlonzwa udokotela wamehlo. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimo, njenge-amblyopia, zilethwa ekuqapheleni kodokotela bezingane. Bazihlonza bona noma bakuthumele kudokotela wamehlo ongasihlonza futhi asiphathe.

Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamileLena yindlela ewusizo kakhulu yokuxilonga i-BVD. Njengengxenye yalolu vivinyo, kuhlolwa ukuqondana kwamehlo akho kanye nensimu yakho yokubona iyonke. Ezinye izivivinyo zingasiza ekuboneni izinkinga ezithile ezihlobene ne-BVD. Udokotela wakho wamehlo ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ukukutshela ukuthi yiziphi ezinye izivivinyo azincomayo nokuthi zingasiza kanjani.

Iphathwa kanjani i-BVD?

Ukwelashwa kwe-`(BVD)` kungahluka kakhulu, njengoba kunezimo eziningi ezingase zibangele noma zibe nomthelela kukho. Okusebenza kwezinye izimo ezibangela i-`(BVD)` kungase kungasebenzi kwezinye (futhi ukwelashwa okungalungile kungenza isimo sibe sibi kakhulu).

Ukwelashwa kwezinkinga zokubona nezamehlo ngokuvamile kuhlose ukulungisa noma ukunciphisa ukungalingani phakathi kwamehlo akho. Ezinye zezindlela zokwelapha ezivame kakhulu zifaka:

• Ukwelashwa ngokubona : Lokhu kuzokufundisa izivivinyo ezithile zokuqinisa imisipha yamehlo akho. Uzofunda nokuthi yini okungafanele uyenze ukuze usize amehlo akho ahlale endaweni yawo.
• Amalensi nama-prism okulungisa : Ngezinye izikhathi izibuko (futhi, okungavamile, amalensi okuxhumana) zingasiza nge-BVD. Zishintsha indlela ukukhanya okungena ngayo esweni, okungasiza ezinye izinhlobo ze-BVD.
• I-OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox®) : Lona umuthi ovimba izimpawu zemizwa emisipheni elawula ukunyakaza kwamehlo akho. Lokhu kungasiza uma imisipha yakho inyakaza kakhulu ohlangothini olulodwa.

Kunezinye izindlela eziningi zokwelapha, ikakhulukazi izifo zezinzwa (i-BVD). Uchwepheshe wakho wamehlo angakutshela ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezinconywayo kuwe. Angakutshela nokuthi yimiphi imiphumela emibi noma ukukhathazeka ongase ube nakho ngalezo zindlela zokwelapha, nokuthi yini ongayenza ngazo.

Yini engingayilindela uma ngine-`(BVD)`?

Lokho ongakulindela uma une-BVD kuyahlukahluka njengezimo ezingase zikubangele noma zibe nomthelela kukho. Udokotela wakho wamehlo ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ukukutshela lokho ongakulindela noma okufanele ukukulindele. Bangakutshela nokuthi kuzohlala isikhathi esingakanani, ukuthi isimo sakho sinjani, nokuthi yini ongayenza ukuze usize ekulawuleni lesi simo (uma kungenzeka noma kudingeka).

Ingabe i-BVD ingavinjelwa?

I-BVD ayikwazi ukuvinjelwa ngokuphelele. Kodwa kunezinto ezimbalwa ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuthi ivele, noma okungenani uyivimbele ukuthi ingabi yimbi kakhulu.

• Vimbela ukulimala kwekhanda namehlo : Kunezindlela eziningana zokuvimbela i-BVD ukuthi ingenzeki ngenxa yokulimala kwamehlo noma ekhanda. Ukugqoka izivikelo zamehlo, izigqoko zokuzivikela, kanye nezibopho zokuphepha (njengebhande lesihlalo) kungasiza kakhulu.
• Hlola amehlo akho njalo.: Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo kufana nokuhlolwa kwamehlo akho. Ngisho nalabo abangadingi izibuko noma ama-contact lens kufanele bahlolwe amehlo kabili ngonyaka. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungathola izinkinga eziningi ngaphambi kokuba ube nezimpawu. Futhi, ezinye zezinkinga abazitholayo (njengamaphutha okwelapha) zingagcina sezibangela noma zibangele i-BVD.
• Ungazinaki izimpawu zamehlo : Uma unezinkinga zamehlo ezincane nezikhathazayo esezihlale izinsuku noma amasonto ambalwa, ungazinaki. Zingaba izimpawu zokuqala zenkinga efana ne-BVD. Isibonelo, ukubona ukungezwani kwamehlo, ukucindezeleka kwamehlo, noma ukukhathala (ikakhulukazi uma ufunda kakhulu noma ubuka isikrini sekhompyutha isikhathi eside).

Uma kukhona emndenini wakho onezimo ezingabangela i-BVD, kungumqondo omuhle ukukhuluma nochwepheshe wamehlo ngakho. Bangakutshela ukuthi yini enye ongayenza ukuze unciphise ubukhulu be-BVD, ubambezele ukuqala kwayo, noma (uma kungenzeka) ukuyivimbela.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela wami noma ngifune iseluleko sezokwelapha?

Izimo eziningi ezingabangela "i-BVD" zingaba zimbi noma ziphazamise, kodwa eziningi aziyona ingozi. Kodwa-ke, ukushaywa yisifo sohlangothi kanye nokuhlaselwa yi-ischemic okuhamba kancane (i-TIAs) kuyizinto ezikhethekile futhi zingaba yingozi empilweni.

Ukuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi kanye nokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi okungapheli (ii-TIA) kuyizimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha ezisongela impilo. Uma ucabanga ukuthi ungase ubhekane nezimpawu eziyisixwayiso zokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi noma i-TIA, shayela u-911 (noma inombolo yakho yezimo eziphuthumayo yendawo) ngokushesha.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami wamehlo?

Ungase ufune ukubuza uchwepheshe wakho wamehlo le mibuzo:

• Nginaluphi uhlobo lwesimo `(BVD)`, noma yini ebangela lokhu?
• Sibi kangakanani isimo sami '(BVD)', futhi ingabe singaba sibi kakhulu?
• Ingabe isimo sami `(BVD)` sidinga ukwelashwa? Uma kunjalo, yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ozincomayo?
• Ingabe i-`(BVD)` ingelapheka/ingaguqulwa?

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Ukungasebenzi Kahle Kokubona Kwe-Binocular (BVD) kuwuphawu lokuthi kukhona okuthinta indlela amehlo akho asebenza kahle ngayo kanye nobuchopho bakho. Kusho ukuthi awuboni umhlaba njengesithombe esisodwa, esicacile. Izimbangela eziningi azizimbi kakhulu - ngaphandle kokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi kanye nokuhlaselwa yi-ischemic okuhamba kancane (ii-TIA) (okuvame ukwenzeka nezinye izimpawu ezisobala).

Kodwa, noma kungengozi, i-BVD ingenza kube nzima ukusebenza, ukujabulela izinto ozithandayo, noma ukuchitha isikhathi nabantu obathandayo. Uma unezimpawu ze-BVD, ungazamukeli nje noma uzame ukuhlala nazo. Ukubona uchwepheshe wamehlo kungakusiza ukuthola ukwelashwa okungaguqula noma kumise i-BVD.Khona-ke ungaphila ngaphandle kwezithiyo ezibonakalayo phakathi kwakho nezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kuwe.

Ukungasebenzi kahle kokubona kwe - binocular, i-BVD, izinkinga zokubona, ukubona okubili, iso elivilaphayo, i-amblyopia, ukucindezeleka kwamehlo, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukubona okufiphele