Ingabe ingane yakho ibonakala ijabule kakhulu futhi idlala ngesinye isikhathi, bese ngokuzumayo iqala ukuklabalasa nokuklabalasa ngaphandle kwesizathu? Noma ingabe ivele ihlale ekamelweni layo futhi iziphathe kabi ngaphandle kwesizathu? Njengomzali, ungase ucabange, "Kuthiwani ngalaba bantwana?" Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, lokhu kushintshashintsha kwemizwelo okukhulu kungaba okungaphezu nje kokucasuka okulula. Namuhla, sikhuluma ngesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Bipolar Disorder ezinganeni.
Kalula nje, iyini i-bipolar disorder?
Isifo se-bipolar yisimo sempilo yengqondo esithinta impilo yonke yomuntu esibangela izinguquko ezinkulu esimweni sengqondo somuntu, amazinga amandla, imicabango, kanye nokuziphatha kwakhe. Ngaphambilini sasibizwa ngokuthi 'isifo sokucindezeleka esidabukisayo'.
Cabanga ngakho njengokugibela i-roller coaster. Ngomunye umzuzu uzizwa uphezulu kakhulu, ujabule kakhulu, ugcwele amandla. Ngomunye umzuzu uzizwa uphansi kakhulu, udabuke kakhulu, ungenalusizo. Yilokhu okwenzekayo nge-bipolar disorder. Kunezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko:
- Ukuhlanya: Lesi yisikhathi sokuphakama okukhulu kwemizwa. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, umuntu uzizwa enamandla aphezulu nenjabulo. Ngezinye izikhathi, isiqephu esincane esibizwa ngokuthi i-hypomania singavela futhi.
- Ukucindezeleka: Lesi yisikhathi lapho isimo sengqondo siphansi kakhulu, futhi ingqondo igcwele usizi. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ulahlekelwa yisithakazelo kunoma yini futhi uzizwe udabuke kakhulu.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi, ngaphandle kwalezi zinkinga ezimbili, kunezikhathi lapho isimo sengqondo sengane siba sezingeni elijwayelekile nelizinzile (euthymia). Phakathi nalezo zikhathi, ingane ibuyela esimweni sayo esivamile.
Lokhu kubathinta kanjani abantwana kakhulu kunabadala?
Kubantu abadala abanesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo esibizwa ngokuthi i-bipolar disorder, lezi zigameko zokuhlanya kanye nokucindezeleka zibonakala ngokucacile futhi zihlala isonto noma ngaphezulu. Kodwa lokhu kuhlukile ezinganeni nakubantu abadala abasebasha .
Ukushintshashintsha kwemizwa yezingane kuyashesha kakhulu. Zingadlula kulezi zimo eziningana ngosuku olulodwa. Cabanga nje, ekuseni zijabule kakhulu futhi zihlekisa, ntambama zithukuthele futhi ziklabalase ngento encane kakhulu, bese kusihlwa ziqala ukukhala ngaphandle kwesizathu. Izinguquko ezinjalo ezisheshayo zingabonakala ezinganeni.
Lokhu kuhluke kakhulu ekushintsheni kwemizwelo okubonakala ebuntwaneni obuvamile. Esifweni esishintshashintshayo se-bipolar, lokhu kushintshashintsha kwemizwelo kukhulu kakhulu, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo . Kuthonywa futhi yilokhu:
- Ushintsho endleleni yokulala.
- Izinguquko ezingeni lamandla emzimbeni.
- Ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo nokucabanga kahle.
Lezi zimpawu zingenza kube nzima ngengane ukwenza kahle esikoleni, ukusebenzelana kahle nabangani, futhi kube nobunzima bokuxhumana nomndeni. Ezinye izingane zingase zizame nokuzilimaza noma ukuzibulala.
Yiziphi izimpawu ezibonakala enganeni?
Uma ingane ine-bipolar disorder, ikhombisa izimpawu ezahlukene phakathi nezikhathi zokuhlanya kanye nokucindezeleka. Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nezigameko ezixubile. Ake sihlaziye ukuthi ziyini lezi zimpawu.
| Izimpawu ze-mania | Izimpawu Zokucindezeleka |
|---|---|
| Ukuzizwa ujabule kakhulu futhi ujabule ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile. | Ngihlala ngidabukile ngaphandle kwesizathu. |
| Unamandla kakhulu futhi ukhuthele kakhulu. | Angisenaso isithakazelo ezintweni engangizijabulela. |
| Uthukuthela ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile futhi ubhubhisa izinto. | Ukukhala njalo. |
| Bayahlekisa futhi benze ngobuwula ngezindlela ezingafanele iminyaka yabo. | Ubonisa ukucasuka okusheshayo nokungahlaliseki. |
| Angikalali kahle izinsuku eziningi futhi ngikhathele. | Awukwazi ukulala, uvuka ekuseni kakhulu, noma ulala kakhulu. |
| Bakhuluma ngokushesha, bangayeki, futhi abavumeli abanye bakhulume. | Umzimba uzizwa ungenamandla. |
| Ukunaka kushintsha ngokushesha, kusuka kokunye kuya kokunye. | Ngizama ukuhlala kude nabangani futhi ngibe ngedwa. |
| Bacabanga ukuthi banamandla namakhono akhethekile. | Umsebenzi wesikole uya ngokuya unganakwa. |
| Basebenzisa imisebenzi eyingozi (isib. utshwala) ngaphandle kokucabangela okuhle noma okubi. | Bazisho izinto ezimbi ngabo futhi bazigxeka. |
| Ukuziphatha ngokunganaki ngaphandle kokuqonda. | Ukukhuluma ngokufa noma ukuzibulala. |
Kungani izingane zinalesi simo?
Akukho sizathu esithile esitholiwe salokhu, kodwa kunezinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ososayensi abazikholelwayo.
- Izakhi zofuzo: Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ithonya lezakhi zofuzo elivela kufuzo. Abantu abangaphezu kwezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu abanesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo banelungu lomndeni eliseduze elinalesi simo. Kodwa-ke, ukuthi nje ilungu lomndeni elilodwa linaso akusho ukuthi wonke umuntu uzosithola.
- Izinguquko zobuchopho: Abanye abantwana babhekana nezinguquko ezithile esakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kobuchopho babo.
- Ukulimala kanye nokucindezeleka: Ukubhekana nezehlakalo ezinzima nezicindezelayo, njengokufa kwelungu lomndeni noma ukuhlukunyezwa okukhulu, nakho kungabangela lesi simo ukuba sikhule enganeni enesifo sofuzo.
Wazi kanjani ukuthi lokhu kuyisifo se-bipolar?
Lena yinto enzima kakhulu futhi ebaluleke kakhulu ukuyenza, ngoba izimpawu zesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo zifana nezezinye izimo eziningana zempilo yengqondo ezivame ezinganeni. Isibonelo:
- Izinkinga zokunaka (i-ADHD - Isifo Sokuntuleka Kokunaka/Ukuphazamiseka Kokusebenza Okuphezulu)
- Izinkinga Zokukhathazeka
- Ukucindezeleka Okukhulu
Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuxilonga kumele kwenziwe udokotela oqeqeshiwe nonolwazi, ikakhulukazi udokotela wezifo zengqondo.
Uma uyisa ingane yakho kudokotela, izokwenza lezi zinto:
- Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kwengane.
- Ukubuza nokufunda ngokuningiliziwe ngokuziphatha kwengane kanye nezimpawu zayo kuwe, enganeni, mhlawumbe ngisho nakothisha bayo.
- Ukwenza izinto ezifana nokuhlolwa kwegazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi azikho ezinye izimo zezokwelapha.
- Ukwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwempilo yengqondo.
Khumbula, uma ingane yakho inanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, ungacabangi nje kuphela, kodwa bona udokotela ofanelekayo ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma lesi sifo sitholakala ngokushesha, kuba lula kakhulu ukwelapha.
Iphathwa kanjani?
Isifo se-bipolar siyisimo sokuphila konke. Lokho kusho ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyadingeka impilo yonke. Uhlelo lokwelashwa oluphumelelayo luvame ukuhlanganisa inhlanganisela yalokhu okulandelayo:
Imithi
Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwalesi simo imithi. Udokotela uzohlola isimo sengane bese enikeza imithi yokuqinisa imizwa kanye neminye imithi yokwelapha ingqondo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza ingane imithi enqunywe udokotela, ngesilinganiso esifanele, ngesikhathi esifanele.
Ukwelapha ngengqondo
Lokhu kwelashwa kubaluleke njengomuthi. Kunikeza ingane nomndeni ukuqonda lesi simo nokuthi bangaphila kanjani naso.
- Ukwelashwa okugxile emndenini (FFT): Lapha, ingane nabazali bahlanganyela ndawonye. Bafundiswa ngesifo, indlela yokuthuthukisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwabo, kanye nendlela yokuxazulula izinkinga.
- Ukwelashwa Ngezikhathi Ezijwayelekile: Lokhu kusiza ingane ukuthi ilale ngendlela ehlelekile nejwayelekile.
- Ukwelashwa Ngesigqi Sokuxhumana Nomphakathi (IPSRT): Kusiza ekulawuleni isimo sengqondo ngokulawula inqubo yansuku zonke yengane, ubudlelwano bomphakathi, kanye nesigqi sezinto eziphilayo.
Imiphumela emibi yemithi nezinto okufanele uziqaphele
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, imithi yesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo esibizwa ngokuthi yi-bipolar ingaba nemiphumela emibi. Ukukhuluphala, ukozela, kanye nokungahlaliseki kuvamile. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu futhi uthole ulwazi oluphelele.
Izingane ezithatha umuthi i-lithium kufanele ziqaphele kakhulu. Ubuthi be-lithium bungenzeka noma nini lapho amazinga e-sodium (usawoti) engane ephansi (isib. ukujuluka ngokweqile, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, umkhuhlane).
Uma ingane yakho ikhombisa noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, yiyise ngokushesha eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze noma yazise udokotela wakho.
- Umbono ofiphele noma umbono ophindwe kabili
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (ukushaya ngokushesha kakhulu noma kancane kakhulu)
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula
- Ukudideka okukhulu kanye nesiyezi
- Ukuthuthumela okukhulu noma ukuxhuzula
- Ukunyakaza kwamehlo okungalawulwa
Uma udinga iseluleko esimweni esinjalo, ungashayela neNational Poison Information Centre etholakala eColombo National Hospital .
Njengomzali ungamsiza kanjani ingane yakho?
Ukunakekela ingane enalesi simo kuyinselele enkulu kubazali, kodwa ukusekela kwakho kubaluleke kakhulu enganeni.
- Yiba nesineke: Kuthatha isikhathi ukuthola uhlelo lokwelashwa olufanele nokuthi ingane yakho ithuthuke. Ngakho-ke yiba nesineke.
- Lalela ingane yakho: Khuthaza ingane yakho ukuba ikhulume ngemizwa yayo. Yiba isilaleli esihle.
- Gcina isimiso esiqhubekayo: Ikakhulukazi izikhathi zokulala ezihambisanayo nezikhathi zokuvuka. Lokhu kusiza kakhulu ekulawuleni imizwa.
- Naka isimo sengqondo sengane yakho: Gcina irekhodi lezinguquko ekuziphatheni kwengane yakho. Lokhu kuzosiza udokotela ukuthi anqume ukwelashwa.
- Chaza ukubaluleka kokwelashwa: Fundisa ingane yakho ukuthi ukwelashwa kungayithuthukisa impilo yayo. Khuthaza ingane yakho ukuthi iphuze imithi yayo ngendlela efanele futhi ihlanganyele ekwelashweni.
- Zinakekele: Lolu hambo luyakhathaza kakhulu. Ngakho-ke cabanga nangempilo yakho yengqondo. Funa ukwelulekwa nokusekelwa uma kudingeka.
Kufanele ulufune nini usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo?
Uma ingane yakho ibonisa noma yikuphi ukuziphatha okulandelayo, yiyise ngokushesha eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.
- Uma ukhuluma noma ucabanga ngokufa noma ukuzibulala.
- Uma ucabanga noma uhlela ukuzilimaza wena noma abanye.
- Uma ubhekene nezimo ezifana nokubona noma ukuzwa izinto ezingekho (imibono engaqondakali kanye nokukhohlisa).
- Uma ubonisa izimpawu zobuthi be-lithium okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isifo se-bipolar ezinganeni asisona isimilo esibi sengane noma ukunganaki. Yisimo sangempela sezokwelapha esidinga ukwelashwa.
- Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kubaluleke kakhulu ekusaseni lengane.
- Ukwelashwa kuyinhlanganisela yemithi kanye nokwelashwa ngokukhuluma (psychotherapy). Kuyinqubo yesikhathi eside.
- Uthando, isineke, kanye nokusekela kwabazali kubalulekile ukuze ingane inqobe lesi simo.
- Ungalokothi uyeke noma ushintshe umthamo wemithi yengane yakho ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela.
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