Sizokhuluma ngezifo zobuchopho? Uyazi?

Wake wazibuza ukuthi ubuchopho bethu, ingxenye yomzimba wethu ebonakala incane kodwa iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, busebenza kangakanani? Lesi sitho esimangalisayo silawula konke esikucabangayo, esikwenzayo nesikuzwayo. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ubuchopho bungakhula nezifo ezahlukahlukene. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngezifo ezinjalo ezithinta ubuchopho, noma (Izifo Zobuchopho) . Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu, ngoba lapho-ke singazibona ngokushesha lezi zimo futhi sithole iseluleko sezokwelapha esidingekayo.

Kalula nje, ubuchopho bufana nesikhungo esiyinhloko sokulawula umzimba wethu. Akukhona nje kuphela ukukhula kwethu nentuthuko , kodwa futhi nayo yonke imisebenzi yomzimba elawulwa ubuchopho. Konke okucabangayo, konke okuzwayo, konke okwenzayo kuqala lapho. Ubuchopho buyingxenye yesimiso sethu sezinzwa . Kufana nebhodi lomama lekhompyutha. Kungenethiwekhi yezinzwa lapho ulwazi mayelana nomzimba wethu kanye nomhlaba wangaphandle luyiswa khona ebuchosheni nasentanjeni yomgogodla . Ubuchopho bucubungula lezi zimpawu futhi buthumele izimpendulo ngomgogodla ohambisana nezinzwa. Ngakho-ke, kunezifo eziningi ezithinta lobu buchopho. Lokhu kungashintsha ukuziphatha komuntu, ubuntu bakhe, ikhono lokuqonda ulwazi, kanye nekhono lokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zezifo zobuchopho?

Empeleni kunezinhlobo eziningi zezifo zobuchopho. Ezinye azivamile. Kodwa ake sixoxe ngezigaba ezimbalwa eziyinhloko okufanele sonke siziqaphele.

Izifo Zobuchopho Ezizimele

Lokhu kuzwakala kungavamile, akunjalo? Ukuzivikela komzimba , kalula nje, lapho uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu, amasosha okufanele asivikele ezifweni, luhlasela izingxenye zobuchopho bethu . Bacabanga ukuthi kuyisitha esivela ngaphandle.

• Isibonelo esihle salokhu yi- Multiple Sclerosis (MS) . Njengoba nje ucingo lukagesi lunesembozo sepulasitiki phezu kwalo, amangqamuzana ethu ezinzwa nawo anesembozo esivikelayo. Ku-MS, lesi sembozo sonakaliswa ezinzwa ebuchosheni, emgogodleni, namehlo.
• Kukhona nezinye izifo zobuchopho ezizimele ezifana ne-MS, kodwa azivamile kangako.
• Ezinye izifo, njenge- autoimmune encephalitis, zingabangela ukuvuvukala ebuchosheni, okuholela ekulahlekelweni yinkumbulo kanye nokugxumagxuma kwamalungu ngaphandle kokuzithandela.

Isifo Sokuxhuzula

Isifo sokuwa , noma njengoba abanye abantu besibiza kanjalo, 'ukuba nesithuthwane', kuwumkhuba wokuba nesithuthwane esiphindaphindayo . Ukuwa kufana nesiphepho sikagesi ebuchosheni.

• Lokhu ngokuvamile kuhilela ukulahlekelwa ingqondo kanye nokunyakaza komzimba okungalawuleki.(ukuxhuzula).
• Kodwa ezinye izithuthwane azizimbi kangako. Zingase zibe mfushane kancane, noma zingase zihilele ukunyakaza okungalawuleki kwengxenye eyodwa yomzimba.

Izifo

Ukutheleleka kwenzeka lapho izinhlobo ezahlukene zamagciwane, njengebhaktheriya namagciwane, zingena ebuchosheni bethu noma ezimbotsheni ezivikelayo ezizungeze ubuchopho.

• I-Meningitis iwukutheleleka kwezicubu ezivikelayo ezizungeze ubuchopho. Ivame ukubangela izimpawu ezifana nekhanda elibuhlungu, ukudideka , kanye nentamo eqinile.
• Ngezinye izikhathi, kudingeka umpompi womgogodla ukuze kutholakale ukuthi yiliphi igciwane elibangela ukutheleleka. Kulapho-ke kuphela lapho kunganikezwa khona ama-antibiotic afanele.

Ukugula Ngengqondo

Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukuziphatha, kanye nemizwa kunganciphisa injabulo yomuntu ngokuphila kanye nekhono lakhe lokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zalezi yilezi:

• Ukukhathazeka
• Isifo se-Bipolar
• Ukucindezeleka
• Isifo Sokucindezeleka Ngemva Kokuhlukumezeka (PTSD)
I-Schizophrenia

Cabanga ukuthi ubuchopho bakho bufana nekhompyutha, kanti ingqondo yakho ifana nesofthiwe esebenza kuyo. Ngamanye amazwi, ingqondo yakho 'iyisistimu yokusebenza' yobuchopho bakho. Odokotela bengqondo kanye nososayensi bezengqondo bafana nabahleli bezinhlelo zekhompyutha abathola ukuthi kungani le software ingasebenzi kahle futhi ibangela izinkinga.

Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa kuhilela kokubili imithi kanye nokwelashwa ngokukhuluma. Abanye abantu bayanqikaza ukubona uchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo . Kodwa lokho akunjalo ngempela. Isifo sengqondo sithinta umuntu oyedwa kwabahlanu abadala, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuvuleleka ngakho futhi ufune usizo.

Izifo Zobuchopho Eziwohlokayo Zezinzwa

Lezi zifo zivame ukubangelwa ukugcinwa kwamaprotheni okungajwayelekile ebuchosheni. Kalula nje, amangqamuzana obuchopho ayabhujiswa kancane kancane. Lawa ayanda kancane kancane ngenani. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa:

• Isifo sika-Alzheimer
• Isifo sikaParkinson
• Izifo eziningi ezifana ne-ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) zizuzwa njengefa.

Lokhu kuvame ukuba kancane kancane futhi kube kubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kungathinta ukucabanga, inkumbulo, ukunyakaza, noma inhlanganisela yako. Kuvame kakhulu kubantu abadala. Ezinye zazo ziwufuzo.

Izinkinga Zokuthuthukiswa Kwezinzwa

Lezi zinkinga zithinta ukukhula nokukhula kobuchopho, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sobuntwana. Ngokuvamile zelashwa odokotela bezinzwa bezingane. Ngezinye izikhathi isazi sezakhi zofuzo sezokwelapha singanquma ukuthi kuyifa yini. Uma kunjalo, singanikeza iseluleko emndenini. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinkinga zokuthuthukiswa kwemizwa, okuhlanganisa:

• Isifo Sokungakwazi Ukugxila (ADHD)
• Isifo se-Autism Spectrum
• I-Dyslexia ( ubunzima bokufunda)

Isifo sohlangothi

Isifo sohlangothi, noma 'ukukhubazeka' njengoba abanye bekubiza kanjalo, kwenzeka lapho umthambo wegazi ohlinzeka ubuchopho ngezakhamzimba uvaleka, noma uqhuma kaningi. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela iba khona ngokushesha. Isifo sohlangothi silimaza ingxenye yobuchopho. Lokhu kungabangela izinkinga ngenkulumo, ukuqonda, umbono, amandla, imizwa, noma ukuhlangana. Uma ubuchopho bonakaliswe kakhulu yisifo sohlangothi esisodwa noma ngaphezulu, kungaholela ekulahlekelweni yingqondo, isifo esibangela ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo . Ngezinye izikhathi, isifo sohlangothi singabangela ukuxhuzula.

Ukulimala Kobuchopho Okubuhlungu

Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa konke kusukela ekulimaleni okuncane njengokuxhuzula kobuchopho kuya ekulimaleni okukhulu kobuchopho njengamanxeba okudutshulwa. Ukulimala kobuchopho kungavela ngokuwa, izingozi zezimoto, izingozi zemidlalo, noma ubudlova basekhaya (kufaka phakathi ukuhlukunyezwa kwezingane). Ukushaywa ekhanda okuphindaphindiwe kungabangela izibazi ebuchosheni, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) . Odokotela abahlinzayo be-neurosurgery belapha ukulimala kanye nokopha ngaphakathi ebuchosheni. Odokotela bezengqondo, odokotela bezifo zengqondo, kanye nabelaphi bezenkulumo basiza ngezinkinga zokuziphatha nokucabanga ezivela ngemva kokulimala kobuchopho. Odokotela bezemizwa nabo belapha abantu abalimele.

Izimila Zobuchopho

Umdlavuza okhula kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, njengamaphaphu, amabele, noma amathumbu amakhulu, ungasakazekela ebuchosheni bese udala izimila. Noma, lezi zimila zingakheka ezicutshini zobuchopho ngokwazo noma ezimbozweni zobuchopho.

• Ngokungafani nezimila ezisakazeka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, izimila ezakheka ebuchosheni ngokwazo noma kuma- meninges zibhekwa njengezingenabungozi, okusho ukuthi azinangozi , uma zikhula ngokuzenzekelayo futhi zingalimazi izicubu zobuchopho ezizungezile.
• Kodwa uma zikhula ngokushesha futhi zihlasela izicubu zobuchopho ezizungezile, zibhekwa njengezinobuthi, okusho ukuthi ziyizimila ezinzima nezinomdlavuza .
• I-Astrocytoma iyisimila esivamile esikhula ngaphakathi kobuchopho. I-Meningioma iyisimila esivamile esikhula ezimbozweni zobuchopho.

Sivame kangakanani lesi sifo sobuchopho?

Izifo zobuchopho ziyabathinta abantu abaningi ngempela. Kodwa ukusabalala kwesifo ngasinye kuyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu. Isibonelo, uma ubheka izibalo e-United States:

• Isifo se-Alzheimer sithinta abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyisithupha.
• Isifo se-Autism spectrum sithinta cishe ingane eyodwa kwezingu-44.
• Izimila zobuchopho kanye neminye imidlavuza yesimiso sezinzwa ayivamile kangako, ibangela cishe u-1.3% wayo yonke imidlavuza.
• Isifo sokuwa sithinta abantu abangu-1.2%. Lokho kungabantu abadala ababalelwa ezigidini ezintathu kanye nezingane ezingu-470,000.
• I-Meningitis manje ayisavamile kakhulu ngenxa yomjovo. Kwabikwa amacala angu-371 kuphela ngo-2019.
• Isifo sengqondo sivame kakhulu, sithinta umuntu oyedwa kwabahlanu abadala.
• Cishe abantu abayisigidi baphila ne- multiple sclerosis .
• Ukuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi kwenzeka kubantu abacishe babe ngu-800,000 minyaka yonke.
• Abantu abangaphezu kuka-220,000 bangeniswa esibhedlela ngo-2018 ngenxa yokulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu .

Ziyini izimbangela zezifo zobuchopho?

Kunezimbangela eziningana ezivamile kanye nezici eziyingozi ezifaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni kwezifo zobuchopho:

• Ubuthi kanye nemisebe yemvelo: Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kumakhemikhali anobuthi kanye nemisebe kungandisa ingozi yokuthola izifo ezithile, njengezimila zobuchopho.
• Izakhi zofuzo: Izakhi zofuzo ezithile kanye nokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kungabangela noma kwandise ingozi yokuthola izifo eziningi zobuchopho. Abacwaningi bathole izakhi zofuzo ezihlobene nezimila zobuchopho, isifo sokuwa, izifo eziwohlokayo zemizwa, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa, kanye nezifo zengqondo. Izakhi zofuzo ezibangela lezi zifo zingazuzwa njengefa noma zingavela ngokungahleliwe.
• Umsebenzi wesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba: Izifo zobuchopho ezizivikela ngokuzenzakalelayo zenzeka lapho isimiso sethu sokuzivikela komzimba sihlasela amangqamuzana omzimba wethu.
• Ukutheleleka: Izinto eziphilayo ezifana namabhaktheriya namagciwane zingabangela izifo zobuchopho ezifana ne-meningitis.
• Ukulimala: Izingozi nokulimala kuyimbangela evame kakhulu yokulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu. Ukulimala kobuchopho kungandisa nengozi yokuthola ezinye izifo zobuchopho, njengesifo sokuwa kanye nesifo i-Alzheimer's.
• Ukukhetha indlela yokuphila engafanele: Izinto ezifana nemikhuba yokudla engafanele, ukungawuvivinyi umzimba, ukubhema, kanye nokusebenzisa utshwala kutholakale ukuthi kuhlobene nesifo sohlangothi kanye nesifo i-Alzheimer's.

Odokotela abakaqiniseki ukuthi kungani ezinye izinhlobo zezinkinga zobuchopho zikhula. Isibonelo, cishe ama-60% amacala esifo sokuwa awanayo imbangela eyaziwayo (idiopathic). Abacwaningi bayaqhubeka nokutadisha lezi zinkinga zobuchopho ukuze bathole izimbangela kanye nokwelashwa.

Ziyini izimpawu zesifo sobuchopho?

Njengoba wazi, ubuchopho bulawula yonke imisebenzi emzimbeni wethu. Ngakho-ke uma ubuchopho belimele noma bugula, noma yimuphi umsebenzi ungathinteka, kuye ngohlobo, indawo, kanye nobunzima besifo. Ungase ube nezimpawu ezivamile ezifana nalezi:

• Imfiva
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu (ikakhulukazi ikhanda elisha, elibi, noma elihlukile kwelejwayelekile)
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukuquleka
• Ukungazi lutho

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifo zobuchopho zingabonakala njengezinguquko ezilandelayo:

• Ibhalansi
• Ukuziphatha
• Ukuphefumula
• Ukuxhumanisa
• Ukugxila
• Inkumbulo
• Isimo sengqondo
• Ukunyakaza
• Ubuntu
• Imizwa engokomzimba (isib. ukungazweli, ukulahlekelwa umuzwa)
• Inkulumo (isib. ukungingiza, ubunzima bokuthola amagama)
• Amandla (ikakhulukazi ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba)
• Ukugwinya
• Umbono (isb., umbono ofiphele ngokuzumayo, umbono ophindwe kabili)

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu ezingavamile, ezisheshayo, noma ezikhula kancane kancane, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Ungakuthathi kalula.

Ungazithola kanjani izifo zobuchopho?

Izinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongeni isimo umlando kanye nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ngokomzimba, kugxilwa ekuhlolweni kwezinzwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izivivinyo ezilinganisa ukunyakaza, imizwa, ukusabela, kanye nekhono lokucabanga. Okutholakele kulolu vivinyo kuzonquma ukuthi yiziphi ezinye izivivinyo ezidingekayo.

Ezinye izivivinyo zingafaka:

• I-Biopsy: Udokotela uthatha isampula encane yezicubu bese ezihlola elabhorethri. I-biopsy iyasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi isimila sobuchopho sinomdlavuza noma cha.
• Ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga: Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa okufana ne-electroencephalogram (EEG), elinganisa umsebenzi kagesi wobuchopho. Kukhona nokuhlolwa okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-evoked potentials, okubheka ukuthi izimpawu zemizwa zidluliselwa kanjani ebuchosheni.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Ukuskena kwe-CT , ukuskena kwe-MRI , kanye nokuskena kwe-PET kungaveza izithombe ezinemininingwane zobuchopho. Lokhu kungasiza ekuboneni ukusebenza kobuchopho kanye nezindawo ezinesifo noma ezilimele.
• Ukuhlolwa kwelebhu: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi, umchamo, indle, noma uketshezi lomgogodla kungasiza udokotela wakho aqonde imbangela yezimpawu zakho. Ukuhlolwa kofuzo kungenziwa futhi ukuze kutholakale izinguquko zofuzo ezibangela ezinye izifo zobuchopho.
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwengqondo: Lokhu ukuhlolwa okwenziwa ephepheni noma kukhompyutha. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvumela udokotela wakho ukuthi ahlole inkumbulo yakho, ukucabanga, kanye namakhono akho okuxazulula izinkinga.

Izifo zobuchopho zelashwa kanjani?

Ngaphandle kokuvimbela lesi sifo ngaphambi kokuba siqale, izindlela zokwelapha ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwesifo.

• Ezinye izifo zingelapheka (isibonelo, ukunikeza ama-antibiotics e-meningitis, noma ukususa isimila).
• Ezinye zingelashwa, kodwa azilapheki ngokuphelele (isibonelo, ukunikeza imithi yokulawula izimpawu zesifo sikaParkinson, noma ukunikeza imithi yokuvimbela ukuquleka).
• Ezinye sidinga ukuzivumelanisa nazo (isibonelo, ukusebenzisa induku yezinkinga ezithile zokulinganisela).

Udokotela wakho angasebenzisa izindlela zokwelapha ezifana nalezi:

• Ukwelulekwa kanye Nokwelashwa Kokuziphatha Kokuqonda: Phatha izinkinga zempilo yengqondo futhi unikeze ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo.
• Ukudla, ukuvivinya umzimba kanye nokulawula ukucindezeleka: Nciphisa izimpawu zezinye izimo, njenge-Alzheimer's kanye ne-multiple sclerosis, futhi uvimbele ukuphinda kwesifo sohlangothi.
• Imithi: Yelapha lesi sifo futhi uphathe izimpawu.
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-endovascular okungenangozi kangako: Lungisa umthambo wegazi oqhumile.
• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, emsebenzini noma ngenkulumo: Buyisela amakhono alahlekile.
• Ukuphumula: Siza ubuchopho buphulukise.
• Ukuhlinzwa: Ukuvimbela ukopha kwangaphakathi, ukususa isimila sobuchopho, noma ukuvimbela ukuquleka kwesithuthwane.

Ingabe izifo zobuchopho zingavinjelwa?

Kukhona isisho esithi, ‘I-ounce yokuvimbela ifanele ikhambi elilodwa.’ Lokho kuyiqiniso ngempela.

Izifo zobuchopho ezingavinjelwa zingagwenywa ngokudla ukudla okunempilo nokuphila ngendlela esebenzayo, ukulawula izifo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela , kanye ne-cholesterol ephezulu , kanye nokuthola imijovo yokulwa nezifo ezithinta ubuchopho kanye nesimiso sezinzwa.

Lezi ziqondiso ezijwayelekile zingasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yakho yezifo zobuchopho ezingavinjelwa:

• Ukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo: Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukudla okunempilo okunenhliziyo ,Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuzivocavoca umzimba, ukugwema ukubhema, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala, kanye nokunciphisa ukucindezeleka.
• Ukugwema ukuchayeka kakhulu emisebeni ye-X kanye neminye imithombo yemisebe.
• Qiniseka ukuthi wena nabathandekayo bakho nigonyelwe i-Bacterial Meningitis .
• Yazi izimpawu eziyisixwayiso zesifo sohlangothi bese ucela usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo ngokushesha.
• Ukuphatha izimo zempilo ezingamahlalakhona njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-cholesterol ephezulu, isifo sikashukela kanye nokukhuluphala ngokweqile .
• Nciphisa ingozi yokulimala ekhanda ngokugwema ukuwa, ukubopha amabhande esihlalo lapho ushayela, kanye nokugqoka izigqoko zokuzivikela uma ugibela amabhayisikili noma udlala imidlalo yokuthintana.
• Ukuhlala usebenza ngokwengqondo nangokwenhlalo.

Liyini ikusasa uma unesifo sobuchopho?

Ezinye izifo zobuchopho ziyaphela ngaphandle kokulimala unomphela. Ezinye zingaphela, kodwa zingashiya ukukhubazeka okuthile emakhonweni akho engqondo noma omzimba. Ezinye ziyizimo zokuphila konke, eziqhubekayo. Udokotela wakho uzosebenza nawe ukukusiza ukuphatha izimpawu zakho nokugcina noma ukubuyisela ukusebenza okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ungakhathazeki, ngokwelashwa okufanele nokusekelwa, izinto eziningi zingaphathwa.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Kubalulekile ukufuna ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi ngenxa yokulimala kobuchopho kanye nezifo. Thola ukuhlolwa ngudokotela noma ngabe unengozi encane ekhanda. Futhi, yazisa udokotela wakho uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingavamile kunoma yikuphi okulandelayo:

• Ukuziphatha, isimo sengqondo, noma ubuntu
• Inkumbulo kanye nesikhathi sokunaka
• Umsebenzi womzimba, okuhlanganisa ukunyakaza, ibhalansi, kanye nokuxhumana
• Inkulumo
• Umbono

Uma unezinye zezimpawu eziyisixwayiso zesifo sohlangothi, shayela u-911 ngokushesha! Lezi izinguquko ezivame ukwenzeka ngokushesha, ngaphandle kobuhlungu:

• Ukushintsha kwenkulumo (ukungingiza noma ukudideka) noma ubunzima bokuqonda abanye.
• Ubunzima bokubona ngeso elilodwa noma zombili.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu ngokuzumayo.
• Ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi, ukuhambisana, noma ikhono lokuhamba.
• Ubuthakathaka noma ukungakhululeki ebusweni, engalweni, noma emlenzeni, ikakhulukazi ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba.

Yimuphi umyalezo esifuna ukuwuthatha ekhaya kulesi sihloko?

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezifo zobuchopho. Ezinye zivamile kakhulu, kanti ezinye zithinta abantu abambalwa ngonyaka. Udokotela wakho uzokuxilonga ngokucophelela ukuze athole ukuthi yini ngempela ebangela izimpawu zakho futhi akunike uhlelo lokwelapha olungcono kakhulu. Uma wena noma othile emndenini wakho eke waba nokulimala kobuchopho noma isifo, landela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho sokwelashwa nokuphathwa kwesikhathi eside. Ukwelashwa, imithi, izinguquko zendlela yokuphila, kanye nokusekelwa okufanele kungakusiza uphile impilo egcwele ngangokunokwenzeka.Ungakhohlwa, impilo yobuchopho iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yempilo yethu iyonke! Ngakho-ke masiyinakekele.

Izifo zobuchopho, ubuchopho, uhlelo lwezinzwa, isifo sokuwa, isifo sohlangothi, i-Alzheimer's, i-Parkinson's, impilo yengqondo, i-meningitis, izifo zemizwa