Wake wacabanga ukuthi zingaki izinto ezenzeka emizimbeni yethu ngaphandle kokuthi siqaphele? Njengoba ufunda lokhu, inhliziyo yakho iyashaya, uyaphefumula, amehlo akho ayavaleka. Akudingeki ucabange nganoma yikuphi kwalokhu, akunjalo? Ngemuva kwakho konke lokhu kukhona ingxenye encane, kodwa enamandla kakhulu, ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba wethu. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngaleyo "gumbi lokulawula". Leyo yi-brainstem, noma njengoba sisho ngesiNgisi, `(Brainstem)`.
Kalula nje, iyini i-brainstem?
Cabanga ukuthi ubuchopho bakho buyikhompyutha enkulu (i-'CPU'). Intambo yomgogodla iyinethiwekhi yezintambo ezixhuma leyo khompyutha. Bese kuthi, ingxenye eyinhloko exhuma le khompyutha kanye nenethiwekhi yezintambo yi-'Brainstem'. Okusho ukuthi, leli yibhuloho eliyinhloko elithwala imiyalezo phakathi kobuchopho bakho nomgogodla .
Itholakala ngaphansi kobuchopho bakho, ngemuva kwekhanda lakho. Ifana nesiqu sembali. Le ngxenye encane yobuchopho bakho ilawula izinto eziningi ezisisiza siphile izimpilo zethu ngaphandle kokuthi siqaphele.
Ake sibone ukuthi kuyini lokho?
- Ukuphefumula: Lena yingxenye yobuchopho esenza siphefumule ngaphandle kokucabanga.
- Isilinganiso senhliziyo: Silawula izinga lenhliziyo yethu.
- Umfutho wegazi: Kusiza ukugcina umfutho wegazi usezingeni elifunekayo.
- Ukulinganisela komzimba: Kungenxa yokusebenza kwale ngxenye ukuthi asilingani kahle lapho sihamba noma sigijima.
- Ukugwinya: Kusisiza sigwinye izinto esizidlayo nesiziphuzayo ngendlela efanele.
- Ukunyakaza kwamehlo nobuso: ukuhambisa amehlo nxazonke, ukulawula ukubonakaliswa kobuso.
- Ukuzwa nokunambitha.
- Ukulala nokuvuka: Yilokhu okusithuma ukuba silale futhi kusivuse ekuseni.
Kalula nje, isebenza njengohlelo lomzimba wakho "oluzenzakalelayo". Lunakekela konke okudingayo ukuze uphile, ngaphandle kokuthi ucabange nganoma yini.
Ziyini i-brainstem reflexes?
Ama-Reflexes yizimpendulo ezenzeka ngaphandle kokuthi sicabange ngawo. Abaluleke kakhulu ekuzivumelaniseni nezinguquko endaweni esizungezile kanye nokuzivikela. Kunezindlela eziningana zokuzivumelanisa nezimo eziyinhloko ezilawulwa yi-brainstem.
| I-Reflex | Okufanele ukwenze nje |
|---|---|
| Ukusabela kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi | Isilinganiso senhliziyo kanye nomfutho wegazi kulawulwa njengoba kudingeka. |
| I-Gag reflex | Uma into inamathela emphinjeni, ikhishwa ngokushesha futhi indlela yokuphefumula ivikelwe. |
| Ukugwinya i-reflex | Indlela ephephile yokudlulisa ukudla nokuphuza kusuka emlonyeni kuya esiswini. |
| I-reflex yokukhanya kwengane | Indandatho emnyama esweni iyancipha ekukhanyeni okukhulu, futhi iyanda ebumnyameni. |
| Ukusabela kokuphefumula | Igcina amaphaphu ehlanzekile ngokulawula izinto ezifana nokukhwehlela nokuthimula. |
Izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko zesiqu sobuchopho
Ngaphakathi kwale ngxenye encane efana nesiqu kukhona ezinye izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko. Zonke ezintathu zisebenza ndawonye ukwenza le misebenzi ebalulekile.
| Ingxenye | Umsebenzi oyinhloko |
|---|---|
| Ubuchopho obuphakathi | Lena yingxenye ephezulu. Isiza ukulawula ukunyakaza kwamehlo, ukubona, kanye nokuzwa. |
| Ama-Pons | Ingxenye ephakathi nendawo. Ihlanganisa ukunyakaza kobuso namehlo, imizwa yobuso, ukuzwa, kanye nokulinganisela komzimba. |
| I-Medulla oblongata | Ingxenye engezansi. Yilokhu okulawula izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu empilweni: ukuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, umfutho wegazi, kanye nokugwinya. |
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinzwa ezingu-10 kwezingu-12 ze-cranial ezivela ebuchosheni zixhunywe kulesi simiso sobuchopho. Ngakho-ke, sihileleke kakhulu ezintweni ezifana nokunambitha, ukuzwa, kanye nokunyakaza kobuso.
Isiqu sobuchopho singalimala kanjani?
Ukulimala kwengxenye ebaluleke kangaka kuyingozi kakhulu. Isiqu sobuchopho singonakala ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene.
- Isifo sohlangothi: Ukuvaleka noma ukuqhuma komthambo wegazi ohambisa igazi ebuchosheni.
- Ukulimala okukhulu ekhanda (Ukulimala Kobuchopho Okubuhlungu - I-TBI): Kubangelwa izinto ezifana nezingozi zezimoto kanye nokuwa.
- Izimila zobuchopho.
- Amahlule egazi.
- Ukutheleleka kobuchopho (i-Encephalitis).
- Ukuma kwenhliziyo okungazelelwe.
Ziyini izimpawu zenkinga ye-brainstem?
Ngenxa yokuthi i-brainstem ilawula izinto eziningi kangaka, izimpawu zenkinga lapho zingahlukahluka. Kodwa-ke, uma lezi zimpawu zivela ngokuzumayo , kungaba yisimo esiphuthumayo .
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi/isiyezi | Kuba nzima ukuma, ukuhamba, nokuhamba. |
| Ubunzima bokugwinya | Ukuzizwa sengathi ukudla neziphuzo kubambekile, kunzima ukuphuza. |
| Ubunzima bokukhuluma | Amagama ayaphithana, bese lokho okushiwoyo kungacaci. |
| Izinkinga zokubona | Ngibona kabili ngambili, futhi kunzima ukuhambisa amehlo ami nxazonke. |
| Izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi | Uhlangothi olulodwa lobuso noma lomzimba luba ndikindiki noma luba nokuqaqamba. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumula | Kuba nzima ukuphefumula, futhi indlela yokuphefumula iyashintsha. |
| Ukulahlekelwa noma ukuguqulwa kwengqondo | Kungazelelwe, kuzwakala sengathi ulele, ingqondo yakho iyaphela. |
Uma wena noma othile omaziyo ehlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, myise eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngaphandle kokulibala, njengoba lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo esisongela ukuphila.
Kuyini Ukufa Kwe-Brainstem?
Lesi yisihloko esibucayi kakhulu. Ukufa kwe-Brainstem noma ukufa kobuchopho kusho ukuthi i-brainstem iyeke ukusebenza unomphela. Lokho kusho ukuthi isikhungo esilawula imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yokuphila, njengokuphefumula nokushaya kwenhliziyo, siyeke ngokuphelele.
Kulesi simo, umuntu akakwazi ukuphinda aqonde. Kuphela ngosizo lwemishini ('ukusekela impilo') lapho ukushaya kwenhliziyo neminye imisebenzi yomzimba kungagcinwa khona isikhashana. Lokhu kubhekwa njengokufa emehlweni omthetho.
Ungakwazi yini ukuphola ngemva kokulimala?
Lena inkinga abantu abaningi abanayo. Ukulimala kwe-brainstem kuyinto engathi sína kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, okunye ukulimala kungabuyiselwa emuva. Kuye ngokuthi umonakalo wenzeke kanjani, ubukhulu bawo, nokuthi ukwelashwa kwamukelwa ngokushesha kangakanani.
Ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha kusenesikhathi kungasiza ekunciphiseni umonakalo. Inqubo yokululama ingaba yinde futhi ibe yinselele. Idinga ukulungiswa okuningi, njengokwelashwa ngokuzivocavoca umzimba kanye nokwelashwa ngokomsebenzi. Ukusekelwa komndeni wakho nodokotela kubaluleke kakhulu phakathi nalolu hambo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-brainstem ifana 'ne-autopilot' yomzimba wakho. Le ngxenye ilawula imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yokuphila, njengokuphefumula nokushaya kwenhliziyo.
- Thatha izimpawu ezifana nokuzumeka okungazelelwe, ubunzima bokugwinya, ubunzima bokukhuluma, kanye nokulahlekelwa ukwazi ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba ngokungathi sína.
- Uma ubona noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo. Yiya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha. Isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu.
- Nakuba umonakalo we-brainstem unzima kakhulu, abanye abantu bangalulama ngokwelashwa okusheshayo kanye nokuvuselelwa okufanele.
- Ungalokothi uthathe lezi zinguquko emzimbeni wakho kalula. Uma unemibuzo, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha ukuze akunike iseluleko.
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