Ingakanani ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza webele? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu (Ukuhlolwa Kwengozi Yomdlavuza Webele)!

Unjani? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesihloko esibaluleke kakhulu kwabesifazane abaningi, futhi esesabekayo kancane. Lokho ukuhlolwa kwengozi yomdlavuza webele. Ungakhathazeki, lokhu akukwazi ukukutshela ngokuqinisekile ukuthi unomdlavuza noma cha. Kodwa kungakusiza uqonde ukuthi iyini ingozi yakho.

Kuyini Ukuhlolwa Kwengozi Yomdlavuza Webele?

Kalula nje, lena yindlela yokubheka amathuba akho, noma amathuba, okuthola umdlavuza webele empilweni yakho. Isibonelo, kwamanye amazwe, cishe owesifazane oyedwa kwabayisishiyagalombili uzoba nomdlavuza webele empilweni yakhe. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuhlola kungakusiza ukuthi uthole umbono oqondile wokuthi uphakathi kwabo, noma ukuthi ingozi yakho iphakeme noma iphansi kunomuntu ojwayelekile.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi, lokhu akusho ukuthi "uzothola umdlavuza" noma "ngeke." Kubonisa nje ukuthi usengozini engakanani uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye abantu abaneminyaka yakho kanye nesizinda sakho. Njengamanje, lezi zindlela zenzelwe abesifazane. Azisetshenziswa ukukala ingozi yomdlavuza webele kwabesilisa.

Zisebenza kanjani lezi zindlela zokuhlola ubungozi?

Okwamanje kunezindlela zokuhlola ubungozi ezingaba amashumi amabili nane. Iningi lalezi ziyatholakala njengemibuzo eku-inthanethi. Ungaphendula le mibuzo ngemizuzu eyishumi nje kuphela. Ngokusekelwe ezimpendulweni zakho, amaphuzu abalwa ngokusekelwe ezintweni zakho zobungozi . Isici sobungozi yinto ekhulisa amathuba akho okuthola isifo, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza webele, ngalesi sikhathi.

Ngakho-ke yiziphi lezi zinto eziyingozi eziyinhloko?

Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezingandisa ingozi yomdlavuza webele.

• Ubudala: Ingozi yomdlavuza webele iyanda kancane kancane njengoba iminyaka ikhula.
• Umlando womndeni womdlavuza webele: Uma ilungu lomndeni eliseduze (isihlobo sezinga lokuqala), njengomama wakho, udadewenu, noma indodakazi yakho, libe nomdlavuza webele, noma uma amalungu omndeni amaningana eke aba nawo, ingozi yakho iphakeme.
• Ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo: Abanye abantu bangase babe nezinguquko ezithile kuzakhi zofuzo zabo. Ikakhulukazi, ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo `(BRCA1)` kanye `(BRCA2)` kwandisa kakhulu ingozi yomdlavuza webele.
• Uhlanga/ubuzwe: Amanye amaqembu ezinhlanga asengozini enkulu. Isibonelo, abantu bozalo lwama-Ashkenazi abangamaJuda banamathuba amaningi okuba noshintsho ezizakhini zofuzo ze-`(BRCA1)` noma ze-`(BRCA2), okusho ukuthi basengozini enkulu yomdlavuza webele.
• Ubuningi bamabele: Abanye besifazane banezicubu eziningi ze-fibrous kanye nezicubu ze-glandular emabeleni abo, kanye nezicubu ezincane ezinamafutha. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi amabele aqinile.Labo abanayo basengozini enkulu kunalabo abanezicubu ezinamafutha amaningi.
• Ukuhlolwa kwebele kwangaphambilini: Uma uke wahlolwa ibele ngaphambilini futhi imiphumela ibonise ukukhula okungavamile kwamaseli, njenge- hyperplasia engavamile , ingozi yakho iphakeme.
• Ukuchayeka kuma-hormone: Ukuba namazinga aphezulu ama-hormone i-estrogen ne-progesterone emzimbeni wakho isikhathi eside kwandisa ingozi yakho. Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yama-hormone akhiqizwa umzimba wakho ngokwemvelo (ahlobene nokuya esikhathini), noma kungaba ngenxa yemithi ethile oyithathayo. Isibonelo, amanye amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo kanye nokwelashwa kokushintsha ama-hormone (HRT) nakho kungandisa ingozi yakho.
• Ubudala ngesikhathi sokuthomba: Uma uqale ukuthomba usemncane kakhulu (ukuthomba) , kusho ukuthi umzimba wakho usuvezwe kuma-hormone isikhathi eside. Lokhu kwandisa nengozi yakho.
• Ubudala ngesikhathi sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini: Futhi, uma ukuya kwakho esikhathini, noma ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini , kwenzeke sekwephuzile kunokuvamile, ingozi yakho iyanda ngenxa yokuchayeka isikhathi eside kuma-hormone.
• Umlando wokubeletha: Abesifazane abangakaze babe nezingane basengozini enkulu kunalabo abaye baba nazo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi banemijikelezo eminingi yokuya esikhathini futhi bavezwa ama-hormone isikhathi eside. Futhi, uma uke waba nomntwana, ikakhulukazi uma waba nomntwana wakho wokuqala ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-35 , ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza webele iyancipha. Uma unezingane eziningi, ingozi yakho yengane ngayinye iyancipha.

Kodwa khumbula, akuzona zonke lezi zici eziyingozi ezibaluleke ngokulinganayo. Isibonelo, ngenkathi ingozi ikhula kancane ngokuguga, umuntu onokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo "(BRCA1)" angaba nengozi ephezulu ngo-60% yokuba nomdlavuza webele. Ngisho neyodwa yalezi zici ingakubeka esigabeni sengozi ephezulu .

Izindlela ezahlukene zokuhlola ubungozi zibheka lezi zici ngendlela ehlukile futhi zizinike izilinganiso ezahlukene. Ake sibheke ezinye zezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu.

Yiziphi izindlela zokuhlola ubungozi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu?

Nakuba kunezindlela ezahlukene, sizoxoxa ngezimbalwa eziyinhloko.

1. Imodeli kaGail (imodeli kaGail - BCRAT)

Lena yindlela ethandwa kakhulu. Ingenye yezivivinyo zeNational Cancer Institute (National Cancer Institute). Ibizwa nangokuthi (BCRAT) . Yaqala ukwethulwa ngo-1989. Ibheka ingozi yokuthola umdlavuza webele ohlaselayo eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo kuze kube yiminyaka engu-90. Ingenziwa ngemizuzu emihlanu.

Imibuzo ebuzwa lapha yile:

• iminyaka yakho.
• Uhlanga/ubuzwe bakho.
• Umlando wokuba nezingane.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-biopsy yebele kwangaphambilini.
• Ubudala ekuqaleni kokuya esikhathini.
• Umlando womndeni womdlavuza webele.

Uma ingozi yakho yeminyaka emihlanu ingu-1.67% noma ngaphezulu, ubhekwa "njengengozi ephezulu." Udokotela wakho angase akunikeze imithi efana ne-tamoxifen ne-raloxifene ukusiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yakho yomdlavuza. Kodwa le ndlela ayisebenzi kuwo wonke umuntu. Uma uke waba nomdlavuza webele ngaphambili, noma uma wazi ukuthi unezakhi zofuzo ezandisa ingozi yakho, le ndlela ayithembekile kangako.

2. Imodeli ye-IBIS (IBIS - Tyrer-Cuzik model)

Le ndlela ibheka amathuba okuthola umdlavuza eminyakeni eyi-10 ezayo noma ngaphezulu kokuphila.

Izinto ozizwayo kulokhu:

• Ubudala, uhlanga/ubuzwe.
• Ubuningi besifuba.
• Umlando wokuba nezingane.
• Inkomba Yesisindo Somzimba (BMI).
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-biopsy yebele kwangaphambilini.
• Umlando womdlavuza wesibeletho.
• Umlando womndeni womdlavuza webele.
• Ubudala lapho ukuya esikhathini kwaqala futhi kwaphela khona.
• Ukusetshenziswa kokwelashwa kokufaka esikhundleni sama-hormone (HRT).
• Ulwazi lokuthi kukhona yini ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo okubizwa ngokuthi `(BRCA1)` noma `(BRCA2)`.

Njengemodeli yeGale, lokhu akusebenzi kubantu abake baba nomdlavuza webele ngaphambili. Ngokusekelwe kule miphumela, udokotela wakho anganquma ukuthi kufanele uhlolwe amabele kangaki noma ukuthi kufanele uhlolwe izakhi zofuzo ze-BRCA.

3. Isibali Sengozi se-BCSC (Isibali Sengozi Se-Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium)

Lokhu kubheka ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza webele ohlaselayo eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo noma umdlavuza webele osakazekayo eminyakeni eyisithupha ezayo. Umdlavuza 'osakazekayo' umdlavuza oqala ebeleni bese usakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Imibuzo ebuzwe lapha ifana neyangaphambilini. Ubudala, uhlanga, ubuningi bamabele, inani lezingane, i-BMI, imiphumela ye-biopsy yangaphambilini, umlando womdlavuza (womuntu siqu nowomndeni), ubudala ngesikhathi sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, ukusetshenziswa kwe-HRT, njll. Le miphumela ingakusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi kufanele wenze kangaki ama-mammogram.

4. I-BRCAPRO

Le ndlela ibheka kakhulu amathuba okuba ube noguquko lwezakhi zofuzo lwe-`(BRCA1)` noma lwe-`(BRCA2)`.

Lokhu kuzobuza imibuzo mayelana nomlando womndeni wakho womdlavuza webele noma wesibeletho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi:

• Iminyaka yabo lapho kwatholakala khona umdlavuza.
• Iminyaka yabo yamanje (noma iminyaka abafa ngayo).
• Uhlanga/ubuzwe (ikakhulukazi inzalo yamaJuda ase-Ashkenazi).
• Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo okuhlobene nomdlavuza (njenge-`(BRCA1, BRCA2)`).
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uke wahlinzwa okuhlobene nomdlavuza (`(ukususwa kwebele)` - ukususwa kwebele, `(ukususwa kwebele)` - ukususwa kwesibeletho).

Le miphumela ingakutshela ukuthi kuwumqondo omuhle yini ukuthi uhlolwe izakhi zofuzo.

5. I-BOADICEA (ithuluzi le-CanRisk)

Lokhu, njenge-BRCAPRO, kusekelwe emlandweni womndeni kanye nolwazi lwezakhi zofuzo. Kubheka ingozi yomdlavuza webele kanye nomdlavuza wesibeletho. Kukhona ithuluzi eliku-inthanethi elibizwa ngokuthi i-CanRisk. Liphinde libuze ngobudala, i-BMI, ubuningi bebele, ukubeletha, ukusetshenziswa kwamaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo, ubudala bokuya esikhathini, umlando womdlavuza womndeni, kanye nolwazi lokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo. Lokhu kusiza futhi ukunquma ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kuyadingeka yini nokuthi uhlelo lokuhlola kufanele lube yini.

6. Isibali Sengozi Yomdlavuza Webele se-BWHS (Isibali Sengozi Yomdlavuza Webele Esifundweni Sezempilo Yabesifazane Abamnyama)

Lokhu kwenzelwe ngqo abesifazane abamnyama, ngoba uhlanga kanye nobuzwe kuyizinto ezibalulekile ekunqumeni ingozi yomdlavuza webele. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi uhlanga/ubuzwe bakho buthinta kanjani amaphuzu akho obungozi lapho uthola ingozi yakho. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, lokhu kubuza ngezinto ezifana nobudala, i-BMI, ukuzala, umlando we-biopsy, amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo, ubudala ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini, umlando womndeni, kanye nokuthi ngabe ususiwe yini ama-ovari akho.

Udokotela usebenzisa kanjani le miphumela?

Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ukhathazekile uma uthatha ukuhlolwa okuku-inthanethi okufana nalokhu bese ubona ukuthi "usengozini enkulu." Kodwa ungenzi izinqumo ngokusekelwe kuleyo miphumela. Lokhu kuyinto okufanele uyixoxe nodokotela wakho. Le miphumela izosiza udokotela wakho ukuthi ahlele ukuthi angayiqapha kanjani impilo yebele lakho, athole izimpawu kusenesikhathi, futhi aqale ukwelashwa.

Kuye ngemiphumela, udokotela wakho angenza okulandelayo:

• Ungase ucelwe ukuthi uhlolwe umdlavuza webele (isib., ama-mammogram) kusenesikhathi futhi kaningi kunokujwayelekile.
• Ukwelulekwa ngofuzo kungakusiza ukuthola ukuthi une-genetic mutation eyandisa ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza. Uma usuvele wazi ukuthi unayo, kungakusiza uqonde ukuthi ingathinta kanjani impilo yakho nomndeni wakho (isibonelo, ithuba lokuthi ingane izozuza i-gene njengefa).
• Imithi efana ne-tamoxifen ne-raloxifene inganikezwa ukunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza webele.
• Uma ingozi iphezulu kakhulu, kunganconywa ukuthi kususwe ibele ngaphambi kokuba umdlavuza uqale. Lokhu kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza.

Zithembeke kangakanani lezi zivivinyo zengozi?

Ukuthembeka kwalezi zindlela zokuhlola kuncike kusethi yedatha esetshenziswayo ukuze kudalwe. Lezi zindlela ziqoqa ulwazi kubantu abake baba nomdlavuza futhi ziqhathanise izici zabo eziyingozi nezici eziyingozi zomuntu owenza ukuhlolwa. Kodwa-ke, idatha yabantu ayikwazi ukuba neqiniso eliphelele ngokuphelele ekubikezeleni impilo yomuntu siqu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zingaki izici eziyingozi ezifanayo, abekho abantu ababili abafana ncamashi.

Nazi ezinye zemikhawulo:

• Umehluko kudatha ngokohlanga/ubuzwe:Kuye ngedatha yabantu esetshenzisiwe ukudala isilinganiso, imiphumela ingase ingabi efanele kakhulu kuwe. Isibonelo, idatha yomdlavuza webele ibilokhu iqoqwa kaningi kubantu abamhlophe abangewona amaHispanic. Nakuba idatha manje isiqoqwa kwezinye izinhlanga, akuzona zonke izilinganiso eziphatha lo mehluko ngokulinganayo.
• Ukusebenza ezinhlotsheni zomdlavuza ezilinganiselwe: Ukuhlolwa okuningi kubheka ingozi yomdlavuza onolaka nosakazeke kakhulu kubantu abangakabi nomdlavuza. Akulandisa indaba yabantu asebevele benomdlavuza.
• Izici zengozi ezingaphelele: Ayikho indlela eyodwa yokuhlola ecabangela zonke izici zengozi zazo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza webele. Izindlela eziningi zokuhlola zamanje zigxila ezintweni eziyingozi zofuzo noma ezintweni eziyingozi ezihlobene nomlando wakho wezempilo. Ngakho udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi ube nezindlela eziningana zokuhlola ukuze uthole isithombe esiphelele.

Kodwa-ke, lezi zindlela zokuhlola ingozi yomdlavuza webele zisasetshenziswa odokotela ngoba zinhle ngokwanele ukunikeza isilinganiso esilinganiselwe sengozi yomuntu. Abacwaningi bafuna izindlela zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwazo.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Kulungile, ngakho-ke ngithemba ukuthi uthole imibono ethile kulokho esikhulume ngakho.

Ukuhlolwa kwengozi yomdlavuza webele akukwazi ukukutshela ngokuqinisekile ukuthi uzoba nomdlavuza yini. Kodwa-ke, kungasiza udokotela wakho aqonde ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezingandisa ingozi yakho.

Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza webele kubalulekile kuwo wonke umuntu. Ukuhlolwa kwengozi kumane kuyithuluzi elilodwa elengeziwe udokotela angalisebenzisa ukuqapha impilo yebele lakho. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungakudlulisela ekuhlolweni kofuzo kwe-BRCA gene. Kungadingeka ukuthi ube nokuhlolwa okuvamile. Ekugcineni, konke lokhu kusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi abambe umdlavuza esiteji sokuqala, lapho ungelapheka khona. Ngakho-ke ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngawo, futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo.

Umdlavuza webele, ingozi yomdlavuza, impilo yabesifazane, ukuhlolwa kofuzo, i-mammogram, ama-hormone, Ukuhlolwa Kwengozi Yomdlavuza Webele