Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa 'ngesifo sengcuba' kogogo nomkhulu bakho. Ngaleso sikhathi, sasibhekwa njengesifo esiyingozi kakhulu nesibulalayo. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi lesi sifo sesiqedwe ngokuphelele emhlabeni. Kodwa namuhla sizokhuluma ngokuthi siyini lesi sifo sengcuba, esiye sabulala izigidi zabantu kuwo wonke umlando, nokuthi sisakazeka kanjani, nokuthi yiziphi izimpawu.
Iyini ngempela i-smallpox?
Kalula nje, i-smallpox kwakuyisifo esithathelwanayo esiyingozi esibangelwa igciwane elingasatholakali ngokwemvelo emhlabeni. Sasakazeka sisuka komunye umuntu siye komunye. Umuntu one-smallpox wayevame ukuba nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ubuhlungu bomzimba, kanye nokuqubuka okunama- blister asakazeka emzimbeni wonke.
Kwakuyisifo esibulalayo. Cishe ama-30% alabo abangenwe yi-smallpox bafa . Sabulala abantu abaphakathi kwezigidi ezingama-300 nezingama-500 emhlabeni wonke ngawo-1900 kuphela, ngaphambi kokuba lesi sifo siqedwe ngo-1980. I-World Health Organization (WHO) yabiza i-smallpox ngokuthi “esinye sezifo ezibhubhisa kakhulu ezake zaziwa esintwini.”
Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi i-smallpox yisifo esineminyaka engaphezu kuka-3,000 ubudala. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izilonda ezifana ne-smallpox zitholakale ezidunjini ezifuywayo zaseGibhithe. Ngokuthuthuka kwempucuko, lesi sifo sasakazeka emhlabeni wonke ngezindlela zokuhweba.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abantu baqaphela ukuthi uma umuntu esenesifo sengcuba futhi eseluleme, wayengeke esakwazi ukusithola futhi. Kamuva, udokotela waseNgilandi ogama lakhe lingu-Edward Jenner wathola ukuthi abantu bangavikelwa engcuba ngokufaka igciwane lengcuba elingabulali (i-Cowpox) elithinta izinkomo.
Ngo-1967, i-World Health Organization (WHO) yaqala uhlelo olukhulu lokuqeda i-smallpox emhlabeni ngohlelo lokugoma olusabalele. Ngenxa yalokho, azikho izehlakalo ze-smallpox ezabikwa ngemva kuka-1977 . Ngo-1980, kwamenyezelwa ngokusemthethweni ukuthi isiqediwe ngokuphelele emhlabeni.
Kuze kube manje, inani elincane kakhulu laleli gciwane ligcinwa ngaphansi kwezimo zokuphepha eziphakeme kakhulu e-United States naseRussia ngezinjongo zocwaningo kuphela.
Ungazibona kanjani izimpawu zesifo sengxibongo?
Igama elithi i-smallpox livela esibonakalisoni esiyinhloko salesi sifo, okuyizimpukane ezincane ezibonakala ebusweni, ezandleni nasemzimbeni bese kamuva zigcwala ubomvu .
Ezinye izimpawu zingase zihlanganise:
- Ukuzizwa ungenampilo futhi unomkhuhlane
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu
- Ubuhlungu bomzimba
- Ubuhlungu bomhlane obungabekezeleleki
- Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlanza
- Umkhuhlane ophezulu
- Kwenzeka ngaphakathi emlonyeniIzilonda nama-blister. Igciwane lingena emphinjeni ngalezi zinto.
- Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba okuya ngokuya kuba kubi
- Amabhamuza eduze kwamehlo, ngezinye izikhathi abangela ubumpumputhe
Isikhathi Sokufukama Sesifo
Ngokwesilinganiso, kuthatha cishe izinsuku eziyi-10-12 ukuthi izimpawu zivele ngemva kokuba igciwane lingene emzimbeni. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi lesi sikhathi singaba sifushane njengezinsuku eziyi-7 noma eside njengezinsuku eziyi-17. Igciwane alibonisi zimpawu ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemva kokungena emzimbeni.
Kungemva kokuba isiguli sinomkhuhlane kuphela lapho lesi sifo siqala ukusabalala komunye umuntu.
Izimpawu zifaka phakathi umkhuhlane ophakeme, ukucasuka, ukuhlanza kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba. Cishe ezinsukwini ezimbili kamuva, kuvela ukuqubuka okubomvu, okuyisicaba esikhumbeni. Lokhu kuqala emlonyeni nasemphinjeni, bese kusakazekela ebusweni nasezandleni, bese kusakazekela emzimbeni wonke zingakapheli amahora angama-24.
Luhlobo luni lwama-blister?
Ama-blister e-smallpox amboza umzimba wonke kusukela ekhanda kuya ozwaneni. Nansi indlela la ma-blister ashintsha ngayo phakathi nesikhathi sesifo:
- Okokuqala kuqala njengamabala abomvu ayisicaba emlonyeni bese esakazeka emzimbeni wonke zingakapheli amahora angama-24.
- La mabala abe esephenduka amabhamuza aphakanyisiwe agcwele uketshezi olucacile.
- Phakathi nosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili, la maqhubu aphenduka amaqhubu agcwele ubomvu.
- Cishe ngesonto, la maqhubu ayoma bese kwakheka uqweqwe phezulu.
- Lezi zinhlayiya zizowa phakathi kwamasonto amathathu kuya kwamane alandelayo, kodwa zingabangela izibazi ezihlala njalo .
Ingabe i-smallpox ne-chickenpox ziyinto efanayo?
Abantu abaningi badidanisa i-smallpox ne-chickenpox. Nakuba zombili ziyizifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezibangela amabhamuza esikhumbeni, kunomehluko ocacile phakathi kwalezi ezimbili.
Khumbula, i-chickenpox ngokuvamile iyisifo esithambile, esingelapheki, kodwa i-smallpox iyisifo esibi kakhulu nesibulalayo.
| Isizathu soshintsho | I-Smallpox | Inqubulunjwana |
|---|---|---|
| Igciwane elibangela | Kubangelwa yigciwane le-Variola. | Kubangelwa yigciwane le-Varicella. |
| Ubunzima besifo | Kubi kakhulu. Cishe ama-30% alabo abangenwe yileli gciwane afa. | Ngokuvamile kuncane. Izinga lokufa liphansi kakhulu. |
| Izindawo lapho kuvela khona amabhamuza | Okokuqala kuqala emlonyeni, emphinjeni, ebusweni, nasezandleni bese kusakazeka emzimbeni wonke. Iziguli eziningi nazo zinamaqhubu ezintendeni nasematheni ezinyawo zazo. | Ngokuvamile kuqala esifubeni, esiswini, emhlane, nasebusweni. Ama-blister awavamile ukubonakala ezintendeni zezandla nasematheni ezinyawo. |
Yini ebangela lesi sifo futhi sisakazeka kanjani?
I-smallpox ibangelwa yigciwane elibizwa ngokuthi i-Variola. Kwakunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zaleli gciwane. Uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu kwakuyi-Variola major, eyabulala cishe ama-30% alabo abayithola. Olunye uhlobo, i-Variola minor, lwabangela isifo esingesibi kangako, esabulala cishe ama-1%.
I-smallpox isakazeka kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye. Lesi sifo siqala ngomkhuhlane. Lesi sifo singasakazeka ngokuphefumula amaconsi amathe lapho umuntu ekhwehlela, ethimula, noma ekhuluma. Singasakazeka nangokuthinta izingubo zomuntu onegciwane, imibhede, noma uketshezi lomzimba. Lesi sifo asisakazeki yizilwane noma yizinambuzane.
Yiziphi izindlela zokuxilonga kanye nokwelapha?
I-smallpox ayikabikwa amashumi eminyaka, ngakho kungaba nzima ngisho nakudokotela ukuthola lesi sifo ngokushesha. Lesi sifo siqinisekiswa ngokuhlola isampula yezicubu ezivela ku-smallpox blister. Ngisho necala elilodwa libhekwa njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezempilo emhlabeni jikelele.
Kunemithi eminingana yokulwa namagciwane evunyelwe ukusetshenziswa uma kwenzeka ukuqubuka kwesifo. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-tecovirimat (TPOXX) kanye ne-brincidofovir (Tembexa). Lokhu kuye kwabonakala kuvimbela ukukhula kwegciwane le-smallpox. Le mithi igcinwa emazweni emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yezimo eziphuthumayo.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, uma umuntu enezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ophakeme kanye nokuqubuka okungajwayelekile, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko kudokotela oqeqeshiwe ngokushesha .
Umuthi wokugomela i-smallpox nezindaba ezihlobene nawo
Uke wazibona yini izibazi eziyindilinga emahlombe abazali bakho noma ogogo nomkhulu bakho?Yilokho uphawu lomjovo we-smallpox. Lesi sibazi asibangelwa yinaliti esetshenziswa ukujova umjovo. Sibangelwa ukusabela kwamasosha omzimba egciwaneni lomjovo eliphilayo elikulowo mjovo.
Endaweni yokugoma, kuqala kuvela i-blister enesilonda kanye nokulunywa. Le blister yoma, ishiye isibazi esiyindilinga. Ukwakheka kwalesi sibabazi kubonisa ukuthi umuthi wokugoma unikezwe ngempumelelo futhi umzimba usunamandla okuzivikela.
Ngemva kuka-1972, amazwe amaningi, okuhlanganisa neSri Lanka, ayeka ukunikeza umphakathi imijovo ye-smallpox. Ngakho-ke, isizukulwane esisha sanamuhla asikanikwa lo mjovo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Smallpox yisifo esibulalayo esibangelwa yigciwane le-Variola eliye labulala izigidi kuwo wonke umlando.
- Lesi sifo saqedwa ngokuphelele emhlabeni ngo-1980, ngenxa yohlelo lokugoma lomhlaba wonke olwaqalwa ngaphansi kobuholi be-World Health Organization (WHO).
- Izimpawu eziyinhloko kwakuwumkhuhlane omkhulu, izinhlungu zomzimba, kanye nama-blister agcwele ubomvu asakazeka emzimbeni wonke.
- Ingxibongo kanye ne-chickenpox yizifo ezimbili. Kwingxibongo, ama-blister avame kakhulu ezintendeni nasematheni, kanti kwi-chickenpox, awavamile.
- Isibazi esiyindilinga esandleni sabantu abadala abaningi siyisibonakaliso sokuthi bathole umuthi wokugomela i-smallpox.
- Amazwe emhlabeni wonke aqoqe imithi yokugomela i-smallpox kanye nemithi yokwelapha engasetshenziswa uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo.
- Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enomkhuhlane ophakeme onomqubuko ongavamile, osakazekayo, ungesabi futhi ubone udokotela wakho ngokushesha .
Ingxibongo, Ingxibongo, Igciwane, Izimpawu, Ingxibongo, Umuthi Wokugoma, Isibazi, Isifo Esithelelanayo, Ukutheleleka
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