Ake sifunde nge-Broken Femur? Ungesabi, ake sixoxe!

Ake ucabange ukuthi bekuyoba njani uma lelo thambo elikhulu, eliqinile emlenzeni wakho, kusukela esinqeni sakho kuya edolweni lakho - i-femur - liphuka! Kungaba yinto ebuhlungu kakhulu. I-femur yithambo elide kunawo wonke, elisindayo, nelinamandla kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Ngakho-ke, ukuze iphuke, kuzodingeka kube amandla amakhulu kakhulu, ingozi enkulu kakhulu. Uma uphula i-femur, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ngoba kungathatha izinyanga ukuphulukiswa. Ngakho-ke, ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngemininingwane eyengeziwe, akunjalo?

Iyini i-femur? Kwenzekani uma iphuka?

Kalula nje, i-femur yilona kuphela ithambo ethangeni lakho. Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, yithambo elikhulu nelinamandla emzimbeni wethu. Ngakho-ke, akuyona into encane ukuliphula. Ngokuvamile akuvamile ukuliphula ngenxa yokuwa okuncane. Ngokuvamile liphulwa yinto efana nengozi enkulu yemoto, ukuwa usuka endaweni ephakeme, noma inxeba lokudutshulwa.

Kodwa-ke, ikakhulukazi kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65, uma beshelela futhi bewa ngisho nalapho bemi, amathambo abo awaqini kangako (ikakhulukazi uma benezimo ezifana ne-osteoporosis), ngakho-ke amathuba okuphuka kwalesi sinqe maphezulu.

Kungani lokhu kuphuka kwe-femur kuyimbangela enkulu kangaka?

Uma uphula i-femur, akufani nje nokuphula ingalo noma umlenze. Kunezinto ezimbalwa ezingaba yingozi kakhulu. Bheka:

• Kungaba nokopha okuningi: Ikakhulukazi uma izingcezu zamathambo ziphuka esikhumbeni (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ukuphuka okuvulekile"), igazi eliningi lingaphuma emzimbeni. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukopha kungavela ngisho nangaphakathi.
• Ukushaqeka: Umzimba ungashaqeka ngenxa yokopha kakhulu kanye nobuhlungu.
• Ithambo lesinqe lingaphuka: Uma ingxenye ephezulu yethambo lesinqe, okungukuthi, eduze kwejoyinti lesinqe, iphuka, ithambo lesinqe lingaphuka kanye nalo. Le ngozi iphezulu kubantu abane-osteoporosis.
• Ukulimala kwedolo: Uma ingxenye engezansi yethambo lethanga, okungukuthi, eduze kwedolo, iphuka, idolo nalo lingalimala. Lokhu kuvamile nakubantu abaye bahlinzwa esikhundleni sedolo noma labo abane-osteoporosis.

Uzwa ubuhlungu obungakanani uma uphula ithambo lethanga lakho?

O, mina! Lokho kuyinto ebuhlungu kakhulu . Kunzima ukuyichaza ngamazwi. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, ngemva kokungeniswa esibhedlela, odokotela bazokunikeza imithi edingekayo yokulawula ubuhlungu bakho.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-femur ephukile?

Uma uwela noma ulimala inqulu yakho kwenye ingozi, qaphela lezi zimpawu:

• Ubuhlungu abubekezeleleki .
• Awukwazi ngisho nokubeka umlenze wakho olimele phansi noma ukuwubeka isisindo .
• Ngezinye izikhathi, izingcezu zamathambo eziphukile zingabhoboza isikhumba bese ziphuma, okubangela ukuphuma kwegazi.Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ukuphuka okuvulekile".
• Ngezinye izikhathi, izingcezu zamathambo zingase zivele ngaphezu kobuso besikhumba futhi zibonakale, kodwa azidabuli esikhumbeni . Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ukuqhekeka okuvaliwe".
• Indawo yethanga iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi imivimbo iyabonakala .
• Ezinye izindawo endaweni yethanga ziyavuvukala .
• Umlenze olimele ungase ubonakale umfishane kancane kunomunye umlenze. Umlenze olimele ungase uphendukelwe ngaphandle (kude nomzimba wakho) .

Ungakwazi yini ukuhamba unethambo lethanga eliphukile?

Lutho neze. Uma i-femur yakho iphuka, ngeke ukwazi ukufaka isisindo kulowo mlenze noma ukuma kuwo. Ngakho ungacabangi nokuhamba.

Odokotela baluthola kanjani lolu hlobo lokuphuka kwenqulu?

Uma uya esibhedlela, odokotela bazoqala bahlole umlenze wakho olimele ngokucophelela. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazokwenza isivivinyo se-`(X-ray)`. Ngezinye izikhathi, i-`(Computed Tomography scan)`, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-`(CT scan)` ingenziwa ukuze kubonakale uhlobo lokuphuka ngokucacile. Kungale miphumela lapho odokotela benganquma khona ukuthi hlobo luni lokuphuka (`(uhlobo lokuphuka)`) onalo.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuphuka kwe-femur:

• Ukuphuka okuphambene: Ithambo liphukile ngomugqa ovundlile kulo.
• Ukuphuka kwe-spiral: Ithambo liphukile ngesimo se-spiral.
• Ukuphuka kwe-Oblique: Ithambo liphukile ngaphesheya.
• Ukuphuka okubangelwa yi-comminuted: Ithambo liphukile laba yizicucu ezintathu noma ngaphezulu.
• `(Ukuphuka okuvulekile noma okuhlanganisiwe)` (Ukuphuka okuvulekile): Ithambo liphukile futhi izingcezu zamathambo zibhoboze isikhumba zaphuma.

Iphathwa kanjani i-femur fracture?

Okokuqala, ukuze kuncishiswe ubuhlungu futhi kuvinjwe ithambo eliphukile ukuthi linganyakazi, odokotela bangase babeke i-bant, uhlobo oluthile lwebhodi, ezungeze inqulu yakho, imboze ingxenye enkulu yomlenze wakho. Lesi yisinyathelo sesikhashana.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusetshenziswa nokwelashwa okubizwa ngokuthi `(traction)`. Lokhu kusiza ukugcina amathambo aphukile ehlelekile kahle. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze `(Traction)`:

• `(Izinsika zokudonsa ezinesisindo)`: Lokhu kuhilela ukubopha intambo eqakaleni lakho, ukubopha izisindo kulo, bese uyidonsa kancane kancane ohlakeni nasesigxotsheni. Lokhu kucindezela kancane i-femur, kusiza ukugcina amathambo eqondile.
• Ukubambelela kwamathambo: Kulokhu, udokotela wenza ukuhlinzwa okuncane bese efaka iphini ethanjeni lakho lethanga (femur) noma ethanjeni lesifuba (tibia). Bese, kufakwa isisindo ephini ukuze ithambo lakho lethanga lihlale liqondile.

Ingabe ukuphuka kwenqulu ngayinye kudinga ukuhlinzwa?

Yebo, nakanjani.Uma wephula ithambo lakho lethanga, uzodinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze liphole kahle. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuvame ukwenziwa zingakapheli amahora angama-24 kuya kwangu-48 ngemuva kokulimala nokungeniswa esibhedlela. Odokotela benza izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuhlinzwa:

• `(Ukunciphisa Okuvulekile kanye Nokulungiswa Kwangaphakathi - ORIF)`
• `(Ukuqina kwangaphandle)`

Kuyini lokhu kuhlinzwa `(ORIF)`?

Kule nqubo, udokotela ohlinzayo wenza i-incision eduze kwesinqe noma idolo lakho bese elungisa izingcezu zamathambo eziphukile. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufakwa ithuluzi lensimbi (isb., induku noma ipuleti) ukuze kuqiniswe ithambo.

Yiziphi izinto zensimbi ezisetshenziswa kulokhu kuhlinzwa '(ORIF)'?

• Izinduku: Lezi zisetshenziswa enqubweni yokuhlinzwa ebizwa ngokuthi uzipho lwe-intramedullary. Udokotela ohlinzayo ufaka lezi zinduku emlenzeni wakho, ngokusebenzisa umgodi we-medullary (yilapho kukhona khona umongo wethambo).
• Izikulufo: Ukuze induku noma ipuleti lensimbi okukhulunywe ngalo ngaphambili linganyakazi, izikulufo zibekwa phezulu nangaphansi kwalo.
• Amapuleti ensimbi: Njenge-splint, udokotela ohlinzayo ubeka la mapuleti ensimbi ngaphandle kwethambo bese ewaqinisa ngezikulufo ukuze azinzise ukuphuka.

Ngakho-ke kuyini ukuhlinzwa "(Ukulungiswa Kwangaphandle)"?

Lokhu futhi kuyindlela yokuhlinzwa ukuze kuqiniswe ithambo lethanga. Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka izikhonkwane eziningana zensimbi (amabholthi/izikhonkwane) ethanjeni lakho lethanga bese uzinamathisela ohlakeni (uhlaka) olungaphandle komlenze wakho. Ngezinye izikhathi, le nqubo isetshenziselwa ukuqinisa ithambo okwesikhashana ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kwe-ORIF. Noma, ingasetshenziswa lapho ukulimala kukhulu kakhulu ukwenza ukuhlinzwa kwe-ORIF.

Lokhu kuhlinzwa "(Ukulungiswa Kwangaphandle)" kwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia. Odokotela abahlinzayo babhoboza imigodi ethanjeni elingonakali ngaphezulu nangaphansi kwengxenye ephukile yethambo lakho lethanga bese befaka izinduku kuzo. Lezi zinduku zinamathele ohlakeni olungaphandle komlenze wakho. "(amalunga ebhola nesokhethi)" kulolu hlaka avumela izinduku ukuthi zilungiswe ukuze izingcezu zamathambo eziphukile zihambisane kahle.

Ingabe ukwelashwa ngokomzimba kuyadingeka ngemva kokuhlinzwa?

Impela! Uzodinga ukwelashwa ngokomzimba phakathi nokululama kwakho. Lokhu kuzoqinisa imisipha yemilenze yakho, kubuyisele ukuhamba kwamalunga, futhi kukusize uhambe ngendlela evamile futhi.

Ingabe ninikeza imithi yokubulala izinhlungu?

Yebo, udokotela wakho uzoxoxa ngobuhlungu bakho futhi akunike imithi efanele yobuhlungu.

Yiziphi izingozi noma izinkinga ezingase zivele ngenxa yalokhu kuhlinzwa?

Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, ukuhlinzwa kokuphuka kwesinqe kungaba nezinkinga ezithile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• I-Acute compartment syndrome (ACS): Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukucindezeleka kwakheka emisipheni futhi ukugeleza kwegazi kuya emisipheni nasezicutshini kuncipha. Lokhu kungaholela ekulimaleni kwemisipha nemizwa okungapheli.
• Izingcezu zamathambo ezingahlangani kahle: Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi ithambo liphole ngendlela engafanele.
• Ukungakhululeki okubangelwa yizipikili nezikulufo ezifakiwe.
• `(I-Fat embolism syndrome)`: Kulokhu, izinhlayiya ezinamafutha zinganqwabelana egazini. Izimpawu ezinjengobunzima bokuphefumula kanye nokulahlekelwa ukwazi zingavela.
• Amahlule egazi.
• Izingcezu zamathambo eziphukile ezicijile zingasika noma zilimaze imithambo yegazi noma imizwa.
• Ukutheleleka.

Kufanele ngizinakekele kanjani ngemva kokuhlinzwa?

Emasontweni amabili okuqala, kubalulekile ukuba nomuntu ekhaya ozokusiza. (Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthola umnakekeli oqeqeshiwe ozokuvakashela ekhaya lakho futhi akusize.)

Uma ulele, kufanele ulale uqonde umlenze ophukile uphakeme ngaphezu kwenhliziyo yakho . Ukulala ngale ndlela kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala komlenze ophukile.

Njengoba ululama kancane kancane, uzofuna ukuhambahamba endlini wedwa. Kodwa-ke, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi ungabeka isisindo esingakanani emlenzeni wakho. Kungase kudingeke usebenzise udondolo, izinduku zokusibekela, noma i-walker. Udokotela wakho wezokwelapha uzokukhombisa ukuthi ungazisebenzisa kanjani.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ukuthi ungaphinde uwe! Uma uphinde uwe, ungaphinde ulimaze i-femur yakho. Ukuze unciphise ukuwa, yenza lezi zinto:

• Uma igumbi lakho lokulala negumbi lokugezela liphezulu, hlela indawo yokulala yesikhashana kanye nendawo yokunethezeka ephathwayo phansi. Ngaleyo ndlela, ngeke kudingeke ukhuphuke futhi wehle izitebhisi.
• Susa izinto ongase ubhajwe kuzo, njengezintambo phansi noma omata abancane.
• Faka izibambo zokubambelela endlini yokugezela, kungaba kubhavu noma eshaweni, noma eduze kwendlu yangasese.
• Faka izibambo zokubambelela ezinhlangothini zombili zezitebhisi.
• Khanyisa ikhaya lakho kahle, kungaba ngokungeza izibani ezengeziwe noma ngokusebenzisa amabhalbhu akhanyayo.
• Gcina izinto ozisebenzisa njalo emakhabetheni okulula ukuwafinyelela ngaphandle kokugibela esihlalweni ukuze uzithathe.
• Beka omata abangasheleli phansi endlini yokugezela.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukisa ithambo lethanga eliphukile?

Kungathatha izinyanga ezine kuya kweziyisithupha ukuphulukiswa ngokuphelele. Ngezinye izikhathi kungathatha isikhathi eside, kuye ngohlobo lokuphuka, ubudala bakho, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.

Kungani kuthatha isikhathi eside kangaka ukuphola? Ngoba i-femur ephukile idlula enkambisweni yokuphola yemvelo. Inezigaba eziningana:

• Izinsuku 1-5:Uma ithambo lakho lethanga liphuka, imithambo yegazi eliyinikeza igazi nayo iyaphuka. Le mithambo yegazi ephukile ibangela ukuthi kwakheke "i-hematoma," ihlule legazi, endaweni lapho kwaphuka khona. Leli hlule legazi lisebenza njengohlaka lwesikhashana futhi lisiza ithambo lakho ukuthi liphulukise. Amasosha omzimba wakho asabela kulokhu kulimala ngokusebenzisa amaseli asusa izicubu namaseli alimele avuselela ukuphulukiswa.
• Izinsuku 5-11: Umzimba wakho uqala ukwakha inethiwekhi ye-cartilage phakathi kwezingcezu zamathambo aphukile. Uqala futhi ukwakha ithambo elisha (ithambo elilukiwe).
• Izinsuku 11-28: Leyo nethiwekhi ye-cartilage iyaqina kancane kancane. Imithambo yegazi emisha kanye namathambo amasha amaningi kwakheka. Njengoba le nqubo iqhubeka, ithambo lakho liqala ukuzilungisa futhi, ekugcineni libe ithambo elijwayelekile. Yonke le nqubo ingathatha izinyanga, ngisho neminyaka.

Ngingakuvimbela kanjani ukuphuka kwe-femur?

Ngeshwa, izenzakalo ezibangela ukuphuka kwe-femur (njengezingozi zezimoto, ukuwa, amanxeba okudutshulwa) kunzima kithi ukuzilawula.

Kodwa-ke, abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuwa njengoba bekhula (ikakhulukazi labo abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65) kudingeka baqaphele. Bangawa futhi balimele ngisho noma bemi nje.

Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 futhi wesaba ukuwa, buza udokotela wakho ngengozi yakho yokuwa. Mtshele ukuthi uthatha noma yimiphi imithi ekwenza uzizwe ulele noma unesiyezi. Udokotela wakho angase ancome izinto ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho. Isibonelo, angase ancome ukuzivocavoca okuqinisa imilenze yakho futhi kuthuthukise ibhalansi yakho.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela wami?

Uzonikezwa ama-aphoyintimenti okulandelela ukuze ubone udokotela wakho, kusukela emavikini amabili ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kanye namasonto ambalwa ngemva kwalokho. Qiniseka ukuthi uya ku-aphoyintimenti ngayinye.

Uma unemibuzo mayelana nenqubekela phambili yokululama kwakho noma izinkinga ezithile, njengokulawula ubuhlungu, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngazo.

Kufanele ngishayele nini udokotela wami ucingo noma ngifune usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo?

Ngesikhathi usalulama enqulwini ephukile, uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu , shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha noma uye esibhedlela esiseduze:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ubuhlungu besifuba lapho uphefumula.
• Ukuchama njalo noma umuzwa wokushisa lapho uchama.
• Ubomvu noma ubuhlungu obandayo obuzungeze inxeba lokuhlinzwa.
• Uketshezi olufana nobovu luyavuza enxebeni.
• Ukuvuvukala emlenzeni owodwa (kuzoba bomvu futhi kuzwakale kufudumele kunomunye umlenze).
• Ubuhlungu bethole.
• Umkhuhlane ongaphezu kuka-101°F (38.3°C).
• Ubuhlungu obungenakubulawula amaphilisi akho okudambisa izinhlungu.
• Uma kungazelelwe kuba nzima ukuhamba noma ukufaka isisindo emlenzeni wakho.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Inqulu ephukile iwukulimala okukhulu okudinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo. Ngemva kokulungisa izidingo zakho ezisheshayo, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubuza udokotela wakho le mibuzo:

• Ingabe ngizodinga ukuhlinzwa okwengeziwe?
• Kufanele ngiqale nini ukwelashwa ngokomzimba?
• Yini okufanele ngiyenze ukuze ngilawule ubuhlungu bami?
• Ngizokwazi nini ukuhamba?
• Ngizokwazi nini ukubuyela ehhovisi lami noma endaweni yami yokusebenza?

Ingabe ubuhlungu busengenzeka eminyakeni eminingi ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-femur ephukile?

Ngeshwa, yebo. Ngisho nangemva kokuba ukwaphuka kwakho sekupholile, ungase ube nobuhlungu kuleyo ndawo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ubuhlungu obungapheli. Kungaba nezizathu eziningana zalokhu:

• Ukulimala kwemizwa ngenxa yokuphuka kokuqala noma ukwelashwa.
• Izicubu zesibazi.
• Isifo samathambo.
• Ukungahlangani kusho ukwehluleka kwamathambo ukuhlangana kahle.

Lobuhlungu obungapheli bungancishiswa noma buqedwe ngokwelashwa ngokomzimba, ukuvivinya umzimba, kanye nemithi.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke sesikhulume kakhulu nge-femur ephukile. Khumbula, nakuba lokhu kuyingozi enkulu, ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha kanye nokuzinikela kwakho, ungalulama kahle.

Imfihlo yokululama ngokushesha ukulandela imiyalelo yezokwelapha ngqo, ukwenza izivivinyo zokwelapha ngokomzimba njengoba kuqondiswe, kanye nokubekezela.

Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nalesi simo, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Ngikufisela ukululama okusheshayo!

i- femur, i-femur ephukile, ithambo lethanga, ukwaphuka, ukuhlinzwa, ukululama, ukwelashwa ngokomzimba