Ingabe nawe unenkinga yokuphefumula? Ingabe kukhona umzimba wangaphandle emaphashini akho? Ake sixoxe nge-Bullous Emphysema!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa uphelelwa umoya, ukuqina esifubeni sakho? Noma ingabe ukhwehlela okubi kakhulu ekuseni, noma uzizwa ukhathele? Lokhu kungase kungabi nje izimpawu zomkhuhlane. Kungase kube izimpawu zesimo samaphaphu esibizwa ngokuthi i-Bullous Emphysema , okufanele ukhathazeke ngaso. Ngakho-ke, ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngemininingwane ethe xaxa namuhla, njengokungathi ukhuluma nomngane, kulungile?

Kuyini i-Bullous Emphysema?

Kalula nje, i-Bullous Emphysema uhlobo lwesifo samaphaphu esibizwa ngokuthi i-emphysema . I-Emphysema yenzeka lapho izindonga zamasaka amancane omoya ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu akho, abizwa ngokuthi i-alveoli , zilimala. Khumbula, lawa ma-alveoli yiwo enza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu wokungenisa umoya-mpilo nokukhipha i-carbon dioxide lapho siphefumula.

Manje, ku-bullous emphysema, okwenzekayo ukuthi izindonga zalawo ma-alveoli ziyalimala, bese ziyavuvukala bese zakha ama-air sac amakhulu, njengamabhaluni. Siwabiza ngokuthi ama-bullae . Lawa ma-bullae angaba makhulu kunesentimitha.

Uma lesi simila sikhula, siphazamisa ikhono lamaphaphu lokusebenza kahle. Kuba nzima ukuthi i-alveoli ishintshe umoya-mpilo kanye ne-carbon dioxide. Lesi simo singase senzeke kwelinye lamaphaphu noma kuwo womabili. Kodwa-ke, noma ngabe lesi simila sakhiwa kwelinye lamaphaphu, singaphazamisa ikhono lelinye lamaphaphu lokufutha, okusho ukuphefumula. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma lesi simila siba sikhulu kakhulu, iphaphu lingawa, okubangela isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Vanishing Lung Syndrome . Nakuba lokhu kungabangela umonakalo ongapheli emaphashini, ukwelashwa okufanele kungalawula lesi simo futhi kwandise isikhathi sakho sokuphila.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi simo?

Eqinisweni, noma ubani angaba ne-bullous emphysema, kungakhathaliseki ubudala, uhlanga, noma ubulili. Kodwa-ke, ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nesifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona (i-COPD) , isifo samaphaphu esibangelwa ukubhema. Futhi, uma unezimo ezithile zofuzo, ingozi yakho iphakeme. Isibonelo:

• Ukuntuleka kwe-Alpha-1 antitrypsin
• I-Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
• I-Marfan syndrome

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abangenwe yi -Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) nabo basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-bullous emphysema.

Kuvame kangakanani lokhu? Kungani lokhu kwenzeka?

Emhlabeni jikelele, abantu abangaphezu kuka-5% kanye nabantu abadala abangaphezu kuka-12% abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-30 kubikwa ukuthi bane-bullous emphysema. Futhi iyimbangela yesithathu ehamba phambili yokufa emazweni afana ne-United States. Ngakho-ke, lokhu akuyona into okufanele ithathwe kalula.

Manje ake sibone ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka.

Imbangela eyinhloko ye-bullous emphysema ukubhema . Ukuvuvukala okungapheli okubangelwa intuthu kagwayi konakalisa izindonga ze-alveoli yakho. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ama-air sac akhule, okuvimbela ukuhamba komoya-mpilo kanye ne-carbon dioxide.

Ngaphandle kokubhema, kunezinye izimbangela:

• Ukubhema i-crack cocaine noma insangu.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngemithambo yegazi.
• Izimo zofuzo ezishiwo ngenhla zingabangela nokuthi izindonga ze-alveolar zibe buthakathaka futhi zonakale, okuholela ekushayweni yi-bullous emphysema.

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?

Uphawu oluyinhloko noluvame kakhulu lwe-bullous emphysema ukuphelelwa umoya . Lokhu kusho ukuthi uzizwa uphelelwa umoya, hhayi nje kuphela uma ukhathele kancane, lapho ukhuphuka izitebhisi, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nalapho umi nje.

Kunezinye izimpawu ezivamile:

• Ukuzwa ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukuqina.
• Ukukhwehlela (lokhu kuvame ukuba kubi kakhulu ekuseni).
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele futhi ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi (Ukukhathala).
• Ukudla akunambitheki.
• Isicanucanu.
• Ukuphefumula kanzima.

Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase babe ne-bullous emphysema kodwa bangakhombisi zimpawu. Uma ama-bullae eba makhulu kakhulu, siwabiza ngokuthi ama-giant bullae , khona-ke izimpawu zingase zibe zimbi kakhulu.

Uma ubona udokotela, uzobheka izimpawu ezinjengalezi ngenkathi ekuxilonga:

• Isifuba esimise okwebhakede.
• Iminwe eboshwe ngenduku.
• Ukuzwa ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho kakhulu ngenxa yomfutho wegazi ophezulu wamaphaphu.
• Ukuvuvukala (i-Edema).
• Ukuphefumula.

Ukubona kanjani lokhu ngqo?

Udokotela wakho uzoqala akubuze ngezimpawu zakho, umlando wakho wezempilo, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini emndenini wakho oke waba nezimo ezifanayo. Ngemuva kwalokho bazokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba.

Uma kusolwa ukuthi une-bullous emphysema, udokotela wakho uzoyala ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu (PFT) . Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlola ukuthi amaphaphu akho ahambisa umoya kahle kangakanani nokuthi ama-bullae ayakuvimbela yini ukuhamba komoya.

Njengengxenye yalezi zivivinyo, i-spirometryUngahlolwa. Lokhu kuhilela ukuphefumula ngepayipi ungene emshinini (spirometer). Lokhu kukala ukuthi umoya ongakanani ongena futhi ophuma emaphashini akho uma uphefumula ungena futhi uphuma.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela wakho angase asikisele ukuhlolwa kwezithombe ukuhlola i-alveoli ekhulisiwe noma eyonakele. Lokhu kungafaka:

• I-X-ray yesifuba: Lokhu kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi kukhona yini ama-bullae nokuthi akuphi emaphashini.
• I-CT scan: Lokhu kungasiza ekutholeni indawo eqondile, inombolo, kanye nosayizi we-cyst.

Ezinye izivivinyo zingase ziphakanyiswe, isibonelo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola ukwakheka kwe-carbon dioxide emaphashini, okwenza igazi libe ne-asidi (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-respiratory acidosis ), noma amazinga aphansi e-oxygen.
• Inani eliphelele legazi (i-CBC): Ukuhlola amazinga aphansi e-hemoglobin.
• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG): Ukuhlola noma yimiphi imiphumela yenhliziyo ebangelwa yisifo samaphaphu, njenge- hypertrophy ye-ventricular yangakwesokudla noma ukwanda kwe-atrial yangakwesokudla.

Udokotela wakho angahlola nokuthi unesifo sokuntuleka kwe-Alpha-1 antitrypsin ngokuhlolwa kwegazi.

Ingabe ikhona ikhambi eliphelele lalokhu?

Ngeshwa, ayikho ikhambi le-bullous emphysema. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma isiqalile, ayinakuguqulwa. Kodwa ungakhathazeki! Kunezindlela zokwelapha ezingakusiza ukuthi uphile nezimpawu futhi uvimbele lesi sifo ukuba singabi sibi kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?

Ukuze kusizwe ukulawula izimpawu zakho, udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-bronchodilators . Lawa avame ukuhogela nge- inhaler . Ama-bronchodilators asebenza ngokukhulula imisipha emigudwini yakho yomoya, okwenza kube lula ukuthi umoya udlulele emaphashini akho, futhi anciphise ukuphefumula okufushane.

Cabanga nje, le mithi isebenza njengokwandisa umgwaqo ominyene kancane, okwenza kube lula ngezimoto ukudlula kuwo.

Uma unezimpawu ezinzima noma ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu, unganikezwa nama-antibiotic noma ama-corticosteroids isikhathi esifushane.

Uma amazinga akho e-oxygen ephansi, udokotela wakho angase asikisele ukwelashwa okwengeziwe kwe-oxygen , okuhilela ukunikeza umzimba wakho i-oxygen eyengeziwe ngepayipi elifakwe ngaphakathi kwamakhala akho noma imaski ebekwe ebusweni bakho.

Ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma usho lokhoUma kukhona ama-bulla amakhulu, uma ubunzima bokuphefumula bukhulu kakhulu, noma uma kunezinye izinkinga ezibangelwa yilesi sifo, isibonelo:

• Amaphaphu aqulekile (i-Pneumothorax)
• Ukukhwehlela igazi (i-Hemoptysis)
• Ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu

Uma kwenzeka izinto ezinjengalezi, kungase kudingeke uhlinzwe.

Izinhlobo zokuhlinzwa kwe-bullous emphysema:

• Ukususwa kwe-Bullectomy: Kule nqubo, udokotela ohlinzayo ususa i-bulla (isikhwama somoya) emaphashini akho. Lokhu kungenziwa njengokuhlinzwa okuvulekile (i-Thoracotomy) noma njengenqubo encane kakhulu (ukuhlinzwa kwesifuba okusizwa ngevidiyo - i-VATS).
• Ukunciphisa ivolumu yamaphaphu nge-Bronchoscopic (BLVR): Kule nqubo engangenisi kakhulu, udokotela ohlinzayo ufaka i-valve emaphashini akho bese enciphisa ngamabomu ingxenye yamaphaphu.
• Ukuhlinzwa kokunciphisa umthamo wamaphaphu (LVRS): Kulokhu, udokotela ohlinzayo ususa izicubu zamaphaphu ezonakele ukuze izicubu ezisele zisebenze kangcono.

Uma kungekho kulezi zindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo, futhi uma kufaneleka, udokotela wakho angakuthumela ukuthi uyofakelwa amaphaphu .

Ingancishiswa kanjani le ngozi?

Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukunciphisa ingozi yakho yokuthola i-bullous emphysema ukungabhemi, noma uma ubhema, ukuyeka. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezindlela zokukusiza uyeke ukubhema. Siyazi ukuthi akulula, kodwa kuyazuzisa impilo yamaphaphu akho.

Yini okufanele uyilindele uma uphila nalesi simo?

I-bullous emphysema yisimo sempilo esihlala isikhathi eside. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma amaphaphu akho onakele, ngeke aphinde alulame ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, uma uqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha, kulapho amathuba okuthi lesi simo singabi sibi kakhulu khona. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha okukhulu uma unezimpawu.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

Ungazilawula izimpawu zakho futhi uphile kahle. Ukuthola ukwelashwa okufanele kungathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lakho lempilo.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlala uphilile futhi ugweme izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo. Ngakho-ke, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezinhlobo zemithi yokugoma ongayidinga, njengomjovo womkhuhlane, umjovo we-COVID, kanye nomjovo we-Pneumococcus .

Ngingayibona nini udokotela?

Uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu ze-bullous emphysema, noma uma uba nezimpawu ezintsha, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.

Uma unezimpawu ezilandelayo, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha:

• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ompunga ezindebeni zakho noma ezinzipho (i-cyanosis).
• Ubunzima bokuhlala uphapheme engqondweni.
• Ubunzima obandayo bokuphefumula.
• Inhliziyo esheshayo (i-Tachycardia).

Ukuphelelwa umoya kungaba yinto eyesabekayo. Uma une-bullous emphysema, ungase uzizwe sengathi uhlala unenkinga yokuphefumula. Khumbula, ukubhema kuyimbangela eyinhloko. Futhi, izimo ezithile zofuzo zingandisa ingozi yakho. Ukuyeka ukubhema kuyinto engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuze umise i-bullous emphysema ukuthi ingabi yimbi kakhulu. Udokotela wakho angasikisela ukwelashwa okungakusiza ukuthi uphefumule kalula futhi kwenze impilo yakho yansuku zonke ilawuleke kalula.

Khumbula into ebaluleke kakhulu (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke nazi ezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu esikhulume ngazo namuhla ukukusiza ukhumbule:

• I-bullous emphysema yisimo lapho amasaka omoya emaphashini onakele khona bese kwakheka amasaka amakhulu omoya (ama-bullae).
• Ukubhema kuyimbangela eyinhloko yalokhu, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukugwema ukubhema.
• Uma unezimpawu ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, noma ubuhlungu besifuba, qiniseka ukuthi ufuna iseluleko sikadokotela.
• Nakuba kungekho ikhambi eliphelele lalokhu, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo zokulawula izimpawu nokuvimbela lesi sifo ukuba singabi sibi kakhulu.
• Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kungathuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo yakho.

Ngakho-ke, uma wena noma othile omaziyo enalezi zimpawu, ungesabi futhi ubone udokotela ukuze akunike iseluleko. Hlala uphilile!

I- bullous emphysema, isifo samaphaphu, ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula, ukubhema, i-COPD, i-bullae, i-alveoli