Kunzima ukuchaza imibuzo, ukwesaba, kanye nokukhathazeka okufika engqondweni lapho othile etholakala enomdlavuza. Uma wena noma othile omaziyo eke waba nokuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo, kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa igama elithi "Isigaba" lapho ukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Uma uzwa izinto ezinjengokuthi "Lesi yiSigaba II," "Kuyinto engathí sina ngoba yiSigaba IV," kungaba nzima ukuqonda ukuthi lezi zinombolo nezinhlamvu zisho ukuthini. Kodwa ungesabi. Lokhu kuhloswe ukuchaza lokhu ngendlela ongayiqonda, ngendlela elula kakhulu.
Iyini ngempela isigaba somdlavuza?
Kalula nje, isigaba somdlavuza siyindlela yokulinganisa ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani emzimbeni wakho nokuthi unzima kangakanani. Njengoba nje sisebenzisa imephu ukuthola indlela yethu lapho sisohambweni, le mephu ebizwa ngokuthi 'Isigaba' isiza odokotela ukuhlela ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu komdlavuza wakho.
Odokotela bezifo zomdlavuza basebenzisa le ndlela ukuthola izifo, ukuhlela ukwelashwa, kanye nokulinganisa ukusebenza kahle kwalezo zindlela zokwelapha.
Ungavumeli lezi zinombolo nezinhlamvu zikuthuse. Lena yindlela yesayensi nje yokusiza odokotela ukuthi bakunike ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela lokhu ngokuningiliziwe.
Kungani lesi sigaba sibaluleke kangaka kodokotela?
Ukwelapha umdlavuza kufana nomdlalo weqembu. Akuyona nje udokotela oyedwa, kodwa abantu abaningi bathanda odokotela abahlinzayo, odokotela bezifo zomdlavuza, kanye nabelaphi bemisebe abasebenza ndawonye. Ngakho-ke wonke umuntu udinga ulimi olufanayo ukuze aqonde isimo somdlavuza ngendlela efanayo. Lolo limi oluvamile luyiSistimu Yokulinganisa .
Kunezizathu eziningana eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani lokhu kubalulekile:
- Khetha ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu: Isigaba somdlavuza sinquma ukuthi kuzosetshenziswa ukuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy, i-radiation, noma inhlanganisela yalokhu. Ukwelashwa okunikezwa umdlavuza weSigaba I akufani nokwelashwa okunikezwa umdlavuza weSigaba IV.
- Thola umbono ngekusasa: Kuye ngesigaba somdlavuza, kanye nohlobo lomdlavuza, odokotela bangathola umbono oqondile ngamathuba esiguli okululama nokuthi kuzodingeka ukwelashwa isikhathi esingakanani.
- Ukulungela ithimba lezokwelapha: Lapho udokotela oyedwa etshela omunye udokotela ngesiguli bese ethi "Umdlavuza webele weSigaba IIIB," udokotela olalele angathola isithombe esicacile ngesimo sesiguli.
- Usizo locwaningo olusha:Le ndlela iwusizo kakhulu kososayensi abacwaninga ngomdlavuza emhlabeni wonke, beqhathanisa imiphumela yokwelashwa kweziguli ezinohlobo olufanayo ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi bethola imithi emisha esebenza kahle kakhulu.
Isigaba salo mdlavuza sinqunywa kanjani?
Uma odokotela benquma isigaba somdlavuza, bagxila ezintweni ezintathu eziyinhloko:
1. Usayizi wesimila nokukhula kwaso: Singakanani isimila? Sisakazeke kangakanani ezicutshini ezizungezile?
2. Indawo yesimila: Ingabe umdlavuza ulapho owaqala khona?
3. Ukusabalala: Ingabe umdlavuza ususakazeke ngale kwalapho uqale khona, waya kuma-lymph node aseduze noma kwezinye izitho ezikude emzimbeni?
Sizoxoxa ngezivivinyo ezisetshenziswa ukuthola lezi zinto kamuva. Manje ake sibheke izindlela eziyinhloko la macala ahlukaniswa ngazo.
Izigaba zomdlavuza ngezinombolo (Izigaba 0-IV)
Iningi lezimila eziqinile lihlukaniswa ngezinombolo kusukela ku-zero kuya ku-4. Ake sibheke ngayinye kalula.
| Isiteji | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Isigaba 0 | Lokhu kungabizwa nangokuthi isimo 'sangaphambi komdlavuza'. Lapha, kunezinye izingqamuzana ezingavamile. Kodwa lawo mangqamuzana awasakazekanga ngale kwalapho aqale khona. Kufana nembewu engakahlumi, kodwa engahluma. Uma itholakala kulesi sigaba , ivame ukuphulukiswa ngokuphelele. |
| Isigaba I (Isigaba 1) | Umdlavuza ususakazekile, kodwa isimila sincane . Futhi silinganiselwe lapho siqale khona. Asisakazekanga kuma-lymph node aseduze noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. |
| Isigaba II (Isigaba 2) | Isimila sikhulu kancane kunangaphambili.Mhlawumbe izintwala eziseduze zisakazeke komunye noma ezimbili, noma zingase zinyamalale. Kodwa azisakazekanga ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba. |
| Isigaba III (Isigaba 3) | Isimila sesikhule kakhulu futhi sesingene ezicutshini ezizungezile. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi sesisakazekele nasezinhlayiyeni eziningana ze-lymph eziseduze . Kodwa asikasabalali ezithweni ezikude (njengesibindi noma amaphaphu). |
| Isigaba IV (Isigaba 4) | Lesi yisigaba esibucayi kakhulu . Umdlavuza ususakazeke (ususakazeke) kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba kude nalapho waqala khona. Isibonelo, umdlavuza webele ungasakazeka uye esibindini, emaphashini, noma ebuchosheni. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi umdlavuza osakazeke kakhulu . |
Zisho ukuthini lezi zinhlamvu u-A, u-B, no-C?
Ngezinye izikhathi ungase uzwe udokotela wakho ethi "Isigaba IIA (2A)" noma "Isigaba IIIB (3B)." Yilapho kufakwa khona uhlamvu enombolweni ukuze kunikezwe imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nesigaba somdlavuza.
Ngokuvamile, ngaphansi kwenombolo efanayo, uhlamvu A lubonisa ukuhlasela okusabalele kancane, okungatheni kakhulu. Njengoba izinhlamvu ziqhubekela phambili (B, C), ubunzima kanye nesivinini kuyakhula.
Ngokwesibonelo:
- Isigaba se-IIB sinzima kakhulu kuneSigaba se-IIA.
- Kodwa iSigaba IIIA sinzima kakhulu kuneSigaba IIB (ngoba inombolo ingu-III).
Iyini uhlelo lwe-TNM?
Lena enye indlela yesayensi esetshenziswa kabanzi emhlabeni wonke ukuhlukanisa amacala omdlavuza. Ilinganisa izinto ezintathu eziyinhloko esikhulume ngazo ngaphambili.
| Incwadi | Igama eligcwele | Lokhu kulinganisa ini? |
|---|---|---|
| T | Isimila | Usayizi wesimila somdlavuza sokuqalaFuthi ilinganisa ukuthi isisabalale kangakanani ezicutshini ezizungezile (isib. T1, T2, T3, T4 - uma inani liphezulu, yilapho isimila sikhulu/sijula khona). |
| N | I-Node | Kukala ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke yini kuma -lymph node aseduze, futhi uma kunjalo, kuze kube sezingeni elingakanani (isib., i-N0 - ayisakazekanga, i-N1, i-N2 - izinga lokusabalala). |
| M | I-Metastasis (ukusabalala okude) | Kukala ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele yini ezithweni ezikude emzimbeni (isib. i-M0 - akukho ukusabalala okukude, i-M1 - ukusabalala okukude). |
Udokotela wakho uzohlanganisa amanani e-T, N, kanye ne-M ukuze anqume isigaba sakho sonke (isb., Isigaba IIB). Kodwa-ke, uhlelo lwe-TNM luvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ezimila eziqinile, njengomdlavuza webele, wamaphaphu, kanye nowe-colon. Ezinye izinhlelo zokuhlela zisetshenziselwa umdlavuza wegazi, njenge-leukemia.
Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuze kutholakale ingozi yomdlavuza?
Odokotela basebenzisa izivivinyo ezahlukene ukuze bathole isigaba esiqondile somdlavuza wakho. Ezinye zalezi zifo zifaka:
- I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan): Lokhu kuthatha izithombe ze-three-dimensional (3D) zangaphakathi komzimba futhi kungabona ngokucacile ukuthi umdlavuza ukuphi, ukuthi mkhulu kangakanani, nokuthi ngabe ususakazekele yini ezithweni ezizungezile.
- I-PET scan (i-Positron Emission Tomography scan): Lokhu kubheka kakhulu amangqamuzana omdlavuza asakazeke ezindaweni ezikude zomzimba. Njengoba amangqamuzana omdlavuza esebenza kakhulu, angatholakala kalula kulesi skeni.
- I-Endoscopy: Inqubo lapho kufakwa khona ipayipi elincane, eliguquguqukayo elinekhamera enamathiselwe emgodini womzimba (isib., isisu, umathumbu amakhulu) ukuze kuhlolwe ingaphakathi lomdlavuza.
- I-Biopsy: Lolu vivinyo olubaluleke kakhulu. Ucezu oluncane kakhulu lwesigaxa noma izicubu ezisolisayo lususwa ngokuhlinzwa bese luhlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lolu vivinyo lunquma ngqo ukuthi lunomdlavuza noma cha, futhi uma kunjalo, luhlobo luni lomdlavuza.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza zingabangela amazinga aphezulu amaprotheni akhethekile (ama-tumor markers) egazini. Ukulinganisa lokhu kunganikeza umbono ngobukhulu besimila noma umsebenzi womdlavuza.
Ingabe isigaba sami somdlavuza singashintsha kamuva?
Lona umbuzo obalulekile kubantu abaningi. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi isigaba siyashintsha njengoba umdlavuza usakazeka. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi, inombolo yesigaba onikwa sona lapho utholakala ukuthi unesifo ayishintshi.
Ake siqonde ngesibonelo.
Cabanga ngomuntu otholwe enomdlavuza webele weSigaba II ekuqaleni. Uthola konke ukwelashwa okudingekayo. Kodwa eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, umdlavuza ususakazekele esibindini sakhe.
Khona-ke odokotela babengeke bakubize ngokuthi “umdlavuza wesigaba sesi-4.”
Kubizwa ngokuthi " umdlavuza webele weSigaba II osusakazekele esibindini (i-metastatic) ." Isigaba sakho sokuqala sihlala sibikwa kanjalo. Ngemuva kwalokho izinguquko zichazwa ngokwehlukana.
Futhi, uma kungekho zimpawu zomdlavuza ezingatholakala ngemva kokwelashwa, leso simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-Complete Remission noma i-NED (akukho bufakazi besifo) .
Ukuphila nomdlavuza akulula. Ukuzwa lezi zinombolo, izinhlamvu, namagama kungaba yinto exakile. Kodwa khumbula, konke lokhu kwenzelwa ukukunikeza ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu. Khuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukwesaba onakho. Lokho kuzokunika amandla okuqhubeka nalolu hambo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza kuyimephu elinganisa ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani emzimbeni wakho futhi isiza odokotela ukuhlela ukwelashwa.
- Lokhu kunqunywa kakhulu ngobukhulu bomdlavuza, indawo okuyo, nokuthi ngabe ususakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
- Izigaba 0 kuya ku-IV (Isigaba 0-IV) zibonisa ubukhali bomdlavuza, kanti iSigaba IV sibhekwa njengesibi kakhulu.
- Uhlelo lwe-TNM luyindlela eyamukelwa emhlabeni wonke elinganisa ubukhulu besimila (T), esasakazekela ezicutshini eziseduze (N), kanye nokusabalala okukude (M).
- Inombolo yesigaba osinikwa ekuqaleni ayishintshi ngisho noma umdlavuza usakazeka kamuva noma usuyelapheka.
- Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile nganoma yimiphi imibuzo, ukwesaba, noma ukungabaza onakho mayelana nengozi yakho yomdlavuza noma ukwelashwa.
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