Wake wazibuza ukuthi iseli ngalinye elincane emzimbeni wethu lithola kanjani ukudla, amanzi, nomoya-mpilo? Futhi lawo maseli akhipha kanjani imfucuza efana ne-carbon dioxide? Lonke lolu hlelo lufana nenkonzo yokulethwa edolobheni. Lo msebenzi wenziwa yinethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi emincane, engabonakali esakazeke emizimbeni yethu. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngaleyo mithambo yegazi emincane, kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu, ebizwa ngokuthi ama-capillaries.
Kalula nje, ziyini lezi zinhlayiya zegazi?
Ama-capillary ayimithambo yegazi emincane kakhulu, emincane etholakala emizimbeni yethu yonke. Eqinisweni, mancane kakhulu kunentambo yezinwele zethu. Mancane kakhulu kangangokuthi ngisho neseli elibomvu legazi kufanele lidlule komunye wale mithambo ngokulandelana, omunye emva komunye.
Cabanga ngomuntu oletha ukudla ekhaya lakho. Uletha ukudla kwakho ekhaya lakho futhi asuse udoti wakho. Yilokho okwenziwa yilawa ma-capillary. Igazi, eligcwele umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba , livela enhliziyweni yethu ngemithambo yegazi emikhulu (imithambo yegazi) futhi lilethwa kuwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni wethu. Bese, liqoqa i-carbon dioxide neminye imfucuza ekhishwa yilawo maseli bese liyiletha emithanjeni yegazi emikhulu (imithambo yegazi) ethwala igazi libuyele enhliziyweni.
Kalula nje, ama-capillary afana namabhuloho amancane phakathi kwemithambo yethu yemithambo. Kukuleli bhuloho lapho kwenzeka khona ukushintshana kwezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zama-capillary?
Le mithambo yegazi emincane nayo inezimo ezintathu ezahlukene kuye ngomsebenzi ewenzayo. Kuhle ukwazi okuncane ngalezi.
| Uhlobo lwe-capillary | Incazelo nendawo |
|---|---|
| Ama-capillary aqinile aqhubekayo | Zinezimbobo ezincane (i-fenestrae) ezindongeni zazo. Lokhu kuvumela ukushintshaniswa kwezinto ukuthi kwenzeke ngokushesha kakhulu. Lokhu kungabonakala ezinso zethu, emathunjini amancane, kanye nasezindlala ze-endocrine. |
| Ama-capillary angenawo umswakama aqhubekayo | Izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu kuphela ezingadlula kulezi zindonga. Lezi zitholakala ohlelweni lwethu lwezinzwa, amafutha, kanye nezicubu zemisipha. Zakha futhi 'isithiyo segazi nobuchopho' esivikela ubuchopho. |
| Ama-capillary e-sinusoidal | Lezi zinezimbobo ezinkulu ezivumela ngisho nezinhlayiya ezinkulu ukuthi zidlule. Lezi zitholakala ezithweni ezifana nesibindi sethu kanye ne-spleen. |
Yiluphi usizo olunikezwa yile mithambo yegazi emincane emizimbeni yethu?
Ama-capillary ayizisebenzi ezithule zesimiso sethu sokujikeleza kwegazi. Ngaphandle kwawo, izitho zethu bezingeke zikwazi ukusebenza. Ake sibheke eminye yemisebenzi eyinhloko eziyenzayo.
- Umnkantsha: Ama-capillary ahlinzeka ngendlela yokuthi amangqamuzana egazi asanda kwakheka ajoyine igazi.
- Ubuchopho: Lawa ma-capillary akha udonga oluvikelayo olubizwa ngokuthi isithiyo segazi nobuchopho, olunikeza ubuchopho ukudla okunomsoco okudingekayo futhi luvimbele ubuthi obuyingozi ukuthi bungangeni ebuchosheni.
- Uhlelo lwe-endocrine: Lokhu kunesibopho sokuletha ama-hormone alawula imisebenzi ehlukahlukene emzimbeni wethu ezithweni ezidingekayo.
- Izinso: Izinso zihlunga igazi, zenze umchamo, futhi zisize umzimba ukuthi umunce izinto ezifana namanzi ne-sodium.
- Isibindi: Kusiza ukususa izinto ezifana namaseli egazi abomvu amadala, onakele kanye namagciwane egazini.
- Amaphaphu: Uma siphefumula, umoya-mpilo esiwuphefumulayo uyangezwa egazini bese kuthi i-carbon dioxide egazini ikhishwe ngama-capillary emaphashini.
- Uhlelo lwe-lymphatic: Lusiza ekuqoqeni uketshezi oluningi oluqongelela phakathi kwezicubu bese luluqondisa kuma-lymph node.
- Amathumbu amancane: Lawa ma-capillary athutha izakhamzimba esizithola ngokugaya ukudla esikudlayo ziye kumaseli omzimba.
Izifo nezimo ezivamile ezithinta ama-capillaries
Ama-capillary, enza umsebenzi obaluleke kangaka, angathinteka nayizimo zezokwelapha ezahlukahlukene. Nakuba ngezinye izikhathi lezi zingembi kakhulu, kunezimo ezithile okufanele uzikhathaze ngazo.
- Ama-capillary aphukile: Lokhu kungenzeka uma ukhwehlela noma uhlanza kakhulu. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi kuvele amachashazi amancane abomvu (i-petechiae) esikhumbeni. Lawa avame ukuphola ngokwawo.
- Ukukhubazeka kwemithambo yegazi (i-AVM): Isimo lapho imithambo yegazi kanye nemithambo yegazi ebuchosheni noma emgogodleni kuhlangana khona ndawonye, kudlule ama-capillary.
- I-Capillary leak syndrome: Isimo esibi lapho umfutho wegazi wehla khona ngokuzumayo. Lokhu kungadinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo.
- I-telangiectasia ye-hemorrhagic: Isimo sofuzo esibangela ukukhula okungavamile emithanjeni yegazi, okungaqhuma futhi kophe igazi.
- Ukuwohloka kwe-macular: Ukulimala kwe-retina yeso ngenxa yokuvuza kwegazi okuvela kuma-capillary eliso.
- I-Port wine stain: Ibala elibomvu esikhumbeni elikhona lapho kuzalwa. Lokhu kubangelwa ukungakheki kahle kwama-capillary.
- I-spider angioma: Imithambo yegazi emincane ebomvu esakazeka endaweni eyodwa yesikhumba njenge-spider web.
- I-Vasculitis: Ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi ama-capillary avaleke noma aqhume.
Hlola izimpawu ezinjengalezi
Uma unesifo se-capillary, ungase ube nezimpawu ezinjengalezi. Uma eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalezi ziqhubeka, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.
| Izimpawu ezivamile | |
|---|---|
| - Isicanucanu nokuhlanza | - Ukukhathala okuvamile |
| - Ikhanda elibuhlungu | - Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba |
| - Ukuvuvukala komzimba | - Ukopha ekhaleni |
| - Ukuquleka | - Ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba |
| - Isiyezi | - Ukukhubazeka kokubona |
Sizigcina kanjani izindlala zethu ziphilile?
Izinto ezifanayo ozenzayo ukugcina inhliziyo yakho kanye nemithambo yegazi emikhulu iphilile nazo zinhle empilweni yalezi zinhlayiya ezincane. Zama ukufaka le mikhuba empilweni yakho.
Izinto ezinhle ongazenza:
- Ukuzivocavoca:Yenza uhlobo oluthile lokuzivocavoca olukwenza ujuluke, okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, izinsuku ezi-5 ngesonto. Okuthile njengokuhamba, ukugijima, noma ukugibela ibhayisikili kuhle.
- Gcina isisindo esinempilo: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina isisindo esinempilo ngobude bakho.
- Gwema ukubhema: Ukubhema neminye imikhiqizo kagwayi kubangela umonakalo omkhulu emithanjeni yegazi.
- Nciphisa utshwala ne-caffeine: Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala neziphuzo eziqukethe amazinga aphezulu e-caffeine (itiye, ikhofi).
- Hlola amehlo akho: Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo kungasiza ekutholeni izinkinga ngama-capillaries eso kusenesikhathi.
Izimo okufanele zilawulwe:
Uma unalezi zimo, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho futhi uziphathe kahle.
- Isifo sikashukela
- I-cholesterol ephezulu
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme
- Ukucindezeleka
Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?
Ngokuvamile, udokotela angathola lezi zinkinga ngaphambi kokuba ube nezimpawu, njengasesikhathini sokuhlolwa kwaminyaka yonke. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuhlolwa njalo.
Futhi, uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezilandelayo, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Uma imithambo yegazi esikhumbeni ibonakala sengathi iqhumile.
- Uma imithambo yegazi emilenzeni ibonakala ivuvukile futhi ikhuphukile.
- Uma uzwa ubuhlungu noma ulahlekelwa umuzwa ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba.
- Uma uzwa ubuhlungu emilenzeni yakho ngisho nangemva kokuzilolonga kancane.
- Uma ubona ushintsho oluzumayo embonweni noma umbono ofiphele.
Nakuba singacabangi kakhulu ngalezi zinhlayiya ezincane empilweni yethu yansuku zonke, zidlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni imizimba yethu iphilile. Ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo, singagcina lonke uhlelo lwethu lokujikeleza kwegazi, okuhlanganisa nalezi zinhlayiya ezincane, luphilile.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-capillary yimithambo yegazi emincane kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Aletha umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba emaseli ethu futhi asuse imfucuza.
- Lokhu kusebenza njengebhuloho phakathi kwemithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi, okubalulekile ekushintshisaneni kwezinto.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo, okuhlanganisa ukuvivinya umzimba okuhle, ukudla okulinganiselayo, nokugwema ukubhema, kungagcina ama-capillary ephilile.
- Uma uzwa izimpawu ezifana nokuqhuma kwemithambo yegazi esikhumbeni sakho, ukushintsha kombono ngokuzumayo, noma ukuba ndikindiki kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba wakho, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
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