Isitho esimangalisayo nesiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu emzimbeni wethu ubuchopho. Sifana ne-supercomputer. Konke esikucabangayo, esikuzwayo, esikukhumbulayo, nesikufundayo kulawulwa yilesi sitho esincane. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngengxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yale supercomputer, "igxolo" elingaphandle kobuchopho. Kwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-cerebral cortex , noma `(Cerebral Cortex)`.
Iyini i-Cerebral Cortex?
Kalula nje, i-cerebral cortex iwungqimba olungaphandle, oluncane oluzungeze ingxenye enkulu yobuchopho bethu ebizwa ngokuthi i-cerebrum. Uma wake wabona isithombe sobuchopho, bubukeka bugoqekile futhi bugoqekile, akunjalo? Lokho kubukeka okugoqekile kungenxa yale cortex yobuchopho.
Cabanga nje, uma ufuna ukupakisha iphepha elikhulu ebhokisini elincane, kufanele uligoqe bese ulichoboza, akunjalo? Ngendlela efanayo, ubuchopho bethu benziwe ngemibimbi ngale ndlela ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nama-neurons amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Le mibimbi yandisa kakhulu indawo engaphezulu kwe-cerebral cortex. Cishe amasentimitha-skwele angu-2,500 ukuze kube nembile! Lokhu kuvumela ubuchopho bethu ukuthi bucubungule ulwazi olwengeziwe futhi bucabange izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Nakuba lolu ngqimba lungamamilimitha ambalwa nje ubukhulu, lwakha cishe u-50% wesisindo sonke sobuchopho bethu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi luqukethe amangqamuzana ezinzwa aphakathi kwezigidigidi eziyi-14 neziyi-16.
Imisele ejulile eyakheka ngenxa yalesi simo esishwabene ibizwa ngokuthi ``sulci``` kanti imigoqo ephakanyisiwe ibizwa ngokuthi ``gyri``. Lezi yizakhiwo ezigcina izigidi zamaseli ezinzwa abalulekile ekusebenzeni kobuchopho bethu.
Kungani lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Gray Matter'?
Cishe uke wezwa igama elithi 'into empunga'. Yilokho okushiwo yile ngxenye ye-cerebral cortex. Amaseli ezinzwa kule ngxenye awanawo uqweqwe olunamafutha olubizwa ngokuthi '(myelin)'. Yingakho lumpunga. Imicu yezinzwa 'ento emhlophe' ngaphakathi kobuchopho imbozwe yi-'(myelin)', ngakho-ke lumhlophe.
Izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-cerebral cortex kanye nemisebenzi yazo
I-cortex yethu yobuchopho ihlukaniswe kakhulu ngama-hemispheres amabili alinganayo. Leyo yi -hemisphere yesobunxele kanye ne-hemisphere yesokudla . La ma-hemisphere amabili axhumene ngebhuloho elenziwe ngenani elikhulu lemicu yezinzwa ebizwa ngokuthi ``corpus callosum``. Kungalokhu lapho ulwazi lushintshaniswa khona phakathi kwala ma-hemisphere amabili.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngalinye lala ma-hemisphere lihlukaniswe kabanzi ngezifunda ezine eziyinhloko, noma ama-lobes. Elinye lala ma-lobes linemisebenzi ethile. Ake sibheke ukuthi ayini.
| I-Lobe | Imisebenzi eyinhloko | Izimpawu zomonakalo |
|---|---|---|
| I-lobe yangaphambili Ingxenye engaphambili yobuchopho, ngemuva kwebunzi |
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| I-Parietal Lobe Phezulu kwekhanda, phakathi kwamathambo angaphambili namathambo e-parietal |
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| I-Lobe Yesikhashana Ngaphezulu kwama-earlobes, kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zobuchopho |
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| I-Occipital Lobe Ngemuva kwekhanda, ngaphezu kwentamo |
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Kwenzekani uma i-cerebral cortex yonakele?
Kunezizathu eziningana eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani le ngxenye ebalulekile yobuchopho ingalimala. Isibonelo:
- Izimila zobuchopho
- Isifo sohlangothi
- Ukopha okuya ebuchosheni
- Izifo ezizenzakalelayo
- Ukulimala okukhulu ekhanda
Njengoba ithebula elingenhla libonisa, izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngengxenye yobuchopho eyonakele. Isibonelo, ubuntu bomuntu bungashintsha uma ingxenye engaphambili yonakele. Ngokufanayo, umbono womuntu ungalahleka uma ingxenye engaphambili yonakele.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, ungacabangi lutho futhi ubone udokotela noma udokotela ofanelekayo ngokushesha. Izinkinga ezihlobene nobuchopho zibucayi kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha kubalulekile.
Ubuchopho buyisikhungo sokulawula imizimba yethu. Yilokho okusenza sibe "yithi." Ngakho-ke, ukwazi la maqiniso nge-cerebral cortex, ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yaleyo supercomputer, kuzoba usizo olukhulu ekuqapheleni impilo yethu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-cerebral cortex iyingxenye engaphandle kakhulu, egobile, ecabangayo yobuchopho bethu. Ibizwa nangokuthi "into engwevu."
- Imibimbi kanye nokugoba kwayo kwenza ukuthi ikwazi ukuqukatha amangqamuzana amaningi ezinzwa endaweni encane.
- Ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezine eziyinhloko (i-frontal, i-parietal, i-temporal, kanye ne-occipital), ngayinye enemisebenzi ekhethekile (njengenkulumo, umbono, inkumbulo, kanye nokwenza izinqumo).
- Izimpawu zokulimala kwe-cortex yobuchopho ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi umonakalo wenzeka kuphi.
- Uma unezimpawu ezihlobene nobuchopho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugwema ukuzihlola bese ubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha okukhulu.
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