Cishe usujwayele lokhu. Uqala ukuklwebheka kancane emphinjeni , uqala ukuba nekhala eligobhozayo , ukhwehlela , futhi uzizwe sengathi awuzizwa kahle. Kungakabiphi, ubanjwa umkhuhlane omubi. Sihlushwa kangakanani yilesi sifo esincane? Ubuwazi ukuthi igciwane elincane, elingabonakali emehlweni, yilona elibangela konke lokhu? Futhi akulona igciwane elilodwa kuphela okudingeka sizivikele kulo. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 zamagciwane ezingadala umkhuhlane ovamile. Ake sibheke ukuthi lomkhuhlane ukhula kanjani, ukuthi ubangelwa yini, nokuthi yini esingayenza ukuze silulame ngokushesha.
Uyini ngempela umkhuhlane?
Umkhuhlane elinye igama lokutheleleka kokuphefumula okuphezulu . Kwenzeka lapho igciwane lingena ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zesimiso sethu sokuphefumula. Lokho kusho ukuthi:
- Impumulo: Amakhala ayindlela eyinhloko yokungena ohlelweni lwethu lokuphefumula.
- Izikhala zekhala: Lezi zikhala ezingenalutho ngaphakathi kwekhala yilapho umoya ungena futhi uphuma khona.
- Ama-sinuse : Lawa ama-sinuse agcwele umoya ngaphakathi kwezihlathi zethu nasebunzini. Lawa ma-sinuse asiza ekuhlanzeni, ekufudumaleni nasekujikelezeni umoya esiwuphefumulayo.
- I-Larynx: Siphinde sikubize ngokuthi ibhokisi lezwi.
Lonke uhlelo lwethu lokuphefumula lugcwele ungqimba oluncane lwe-mucus oluvimbela izinto zakwamanye amazwe, njengothuli kanye nempova, ukuthi zingangeni emzimbeni. Kodwa-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lolu hlelo luthuthuke kangakanani, ngezinye izikhathi amagciwane angadlula kulesi sithiyo angene.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamagciwane abangela umkhuhlane?
Nakuba kunezinhlobo eziningi zamagciwane angabangela umkhuhlane ovamile, kunezimbangela ezimbalwa eziyinhloko.
| Uhlobo lwegciwane | Ake sazi nje. |
|---|---|
| Igciwane le-Rhinovirus | Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-169 zaleli gciwane ezitholakala emhlabeni wonke. Libangela u-10%-40% wawo wonke umkhuhlane. Nakuba kubuhlungu ukugula, akuvamile ukuba kubi kakhulu. |
| I-coronavirus | Ezinye izinhlobo zaleli gciwane zibangela umkhuhlane ovamile. Kodwa izinhlobo ezintsha ezifana ne-SARS-CoV-2 zingabangela izifo ezinzima kakhulu njenge-COVID-19. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ebusika. |
| Igciwane le-Respiratory syncytial (RSV) | Kuvamile kangangokuthi izingane eziningi ziba nakho lapho zineminyaka emibili. Nakuba izimpawu zivame ukuba zincane, ngezinye izikhathi zingaba zimbi kakhulu kangangokuthi zidinge ukulaliswa esibhedlela. |
| I-Human Parainfluenza virus (HPIV) | Lokhu kungabangela umkhuhlane ovamile, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungaholela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu njenge-croup, i-bronchitis, kanye ne-pneumonia. |
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, imikhuhlane ibangelwa namagciwane angakatholakali. Cishe u-20%-30% womikhuhlane kubantu abadala ubangelwa yigciwane "elingakatholakali".
Amagciwane angena kanjani emzimbeni?
Umkhuhlane ovamile uyisifo esithathelwanayo kakhulu .
- Uma umuntu onesifo somkhuhlane ekhwehlela, ethimula, noma ekhuluma eduze kwakho.
- Uma nibelana ngezinto ezifana namathawula namashidi okulala angcoliswe yileli gciwane.
- Uma uthinta indawo engcoliswe yigciwane bese uthinta amehlo akho, impumulo, noma umlomo ngesandla esifanayo.
Izinganekwane namaqiniso ngomkhuhlane ovamile
Kuningi okungaqondile mayelana nempilo ku-inthanethi, ikakhulukazi ezinkundleni zokuxhumana. Ake sibheke ezinye zezinganekwane okungenzeka ukuthi uke wazizwa ngomkhuhlane ovamile nokuthi ziyiqiniso noma cha.
| Inganekwane | Iqiniso |
|---|---|
| Ukuba sendaweni ebandayo kubangela umkhuhlane. | Akukho bufakazi bokuthi ukuchayeka esimweni sezulu esibandayo kubangela umkhuhlane. Umkhuhlane ubangelwa amagciwane. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi somkhuhlane, sinamathuba amaningi okugula ngoba singaphakathi endlini futhi sizungezwe abantu abaningi. |
| Ubisi nemikhiqizo yobisi kwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamafinyila futhi kubangele umkhuhlane. | Lokhu kuyiphutha eliphelele. Ukudla kobisi akukhulisi ukukhiqizwa kwe-mucus emzimbeni. Kodwa-ke, uma ukudla okuthile kobisi kufakwa emlonyeni nasemphinjeni, kungabangela umuzwa we-mucus. |
| I-Vitamin C ingavimbela ukukhula komkhuhlane. | Nakuba i-vitamin C iqinisa amasosha omzimba, ayikwazi ukuvimbela umkhuhlane ngo-100%. Kodwa-ke, i-vitamin C ingasheshisa isikhathi sokululama ngemva kokugula. Izithelo nemifino kunikeza i-vitamin C edingekayo. Uma ucabanga ukuthatha isithasiselo, kungcono ukubuza udokotela wakho. |
| Ukucindezeleka akukuhle ohlelweni lokuzivikela komzimba. | Lokhu kuyiqiniso. Nakuba ukucindezeleka kwesikhathi esifushane kuvuselela amasosha omzimba, ukucindezeleka kwesikhathi esideLokhu kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi alwa namagciwane emzimbeni, okwandisa ingozi yokuthola izifo, ikakhulukazi umkhuhlane. |
Ezinye izimbangela zomkhuhlane
Ngaphezu kwamagciwane, ezinye izici eziningana zingandisa ingozi yakho yokuba nomkhuhlane.
- Ukuba sezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi: Amagciwane asakazeka kalula ezindaweni ezifana nezikole, amahhovisi kanye namabhasi.
- Umoya owomile onomswakama ophansi: Umoya owomile womisa ingaphakathi lekhala. Lokhu kwenza buthaka ulwelwesi lwamafinyila futhi kwenza kube lula ukuthi amagciwane angene.
- Ukubhema : Akusibo ababhemayo kuphela, kodwa nalabo abaphefumula intuthu kagwayi basengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo.
- Ukungalali : Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi abantu abalala ngaphansi kwamahora angu-7 ngosuku banamathuba aphindwe kathathu okuthola umkhuhlane kunalabo abalala amahora angu-8 noma ngaphezulu.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ayikho ikhambi lomkhuhlane ovamile. Okungcono kakhulu esingakwenza ukuphumula, ukuphuza uketshezi , nokulawula izimpawu.
Yini esingayenza ukuze silulame?
Nakuba kungekho "ikhambi" eliqondile lomkhuhlane ovamile, kunezinto ezimbalwa ongazenza ukuze usize ekunciphiseni izimpawu nokuthola impumuzo:
- Phumula ngokwanele: Lokhu kuzonikeza umzimba wakho amandla owadingayo ukuze ululame.
- Phuza uketshezi oluningi: izinto ezifana namanzi, itiye elingenashukela, kanye nesobho lenkukhu elishisayo.Kuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni futhi kusiza ekunciphiseni ukuminyana kwamakhala.
- Ukuphefumula umusi: Ukuphefumula umusi esitsheni samanzi ashisayo noma ukugeza ngamanzi ashisayo kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuminyana kwamakhala.
- Hlanza ngamanzi anosawoti: Hlanza ngesipuni noma uhhafu kasawoti engilazini yamanzi afudumele kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukucasuka komphimbo nobuhlungu. (Lokhu akukhuthazwa ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-6 ubudala).
- Imithi kadokotela: Ungathatha imithi yokunciphisa izinhlungu ethengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela yezinto ezinjengobuhlungu nobuhlungu bomzimba. Kodwa-ke , ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yimuphi umuthi, ikakhulukazi uma unezinye izimo zezokwelapha noma uthatha eminye imithi, qiniseka ukuthi uthintana nodokotela wakho.
Isexwayiso: Gwema ukunikeza izingane kanye nentsha i-aspirin. Kungabangela isimo esibi nesisongela ukuphila esibizwa ngokuthi i-Reye's syndrome.
Umkhuhlane uvame ukuphela zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-7-10. Kodwa-ke, uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu, umkhuhlane wakho ungehli, noma unenkinga yokuphefumula, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Esimweni esiphuthumayo, njengobunzima bokuphefumula, kubalulekile ukuya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela esiseduze (i-ETU).
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umkhuhlane ovamile ubangelwa yigciwane, hhayi isimo sezulu esibandayo.
- Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusabalala komkhuhlane, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugeza izandla zakho njalo futhi uvale umlomo nekhala lakho uma uthimula futhi ukhwehlela.
- Ukulala ngokwanele, ukulawula ukucindezeleka, nokudla ukudla okunempilo kungaqinisa amasosha omzimba.
- Njengoba kungekho ukwelashwa okuqondile komkhuhlane ovamile, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuphumula nokulawula izimpawu.
- Uma izimpawu zinzima noma zihlala isikhathi eside, ungalibali ukubona udokotela.
Umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane ovamile, umkhuhlane, amagciwane, ikhala eligobhozayo, umphimbo obuhlungu, ukukhwehlela, izimbangela zomkhuhlane, ukwelashwa komkhuhlane
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