Ingabe ingane yakho inezinkinga zomchamo ezizalwa nazo? (Ukukhubazeka Komchamo Okuzalwa Nawo) Ake sixoxe ngalokhu!

O, ingabe ingane yakho encane izizwa sengathi kukhona into engavamile lapho ichama ? Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela basitshela ngokusebenzisa izikrini zokukhulelwa ukuthi kunezinguquko ezincane ohlelweni lomchamo lwengane. Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba uma uzwa lokhu. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, ake sixoxe ngakho kalula. Namuhla sizobheka ukuthi ziyini lezi zimo, ukuthi kungani zenzeka, ukuthi zingatholakala kanjani, nokuthi zingaphathwa kanjani.

Yiziphi lezi 'zinkinga zesistimu yomchamo yokuzalwa'?

Kalula nje, ukukhubazeka komchamo ozalwa nakho kuyizinguquko noma amaphutha ohlelweni lomchamo lomntwana wakho futhi ngezinye izikhathi izinhlelo ze-genitourinary ezikhona lapho ezalwa, okusho ukuthi zenzeka ngesikhathi umntwana esakhula esibelethweni. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi yi-congenital urinary anomalies.

Izitho zomzimba ezingathinteka kakhulu yilezi zimo yilezi:

• Izinso: Njengoba wazi, izinso ezimbili emzimbeni wethu zihlunga usawoti, amanzi, ubuthi, kanye nemikhiqizo engcolile egazini bese zikhiqiza umchamo . Iningi labantu linezinso ezimbili.
• Isinye somchamo: Lesi yisitho esifana nesikhwama esinwebekayo esigcina umchamo .
• Ama-ureter: Lawa amapayipi amabili emisipha athwala umchamo usuka ezinso uye kwesinye.

Yiziphi izinto ezingavamile ezivame kakhulu?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zalezi zinto ezingavamile. Ake sibheke ezimbalwa zazo:

• I-Hydronephrosis: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho inso eyodwa noma zombili zivuvukala. Cabanga ukuthi kukhona okuvimbe indlela yomchamo esuka ezinso iye kwesinye, okwenza umchamo ongaphakathi kwezinso ugcwale futhi uvuvuke. Kufana nepayipi lamanzi elivalekile bese ligcwala ngamanzi.
• Amasende angakazalwa (i-cryptorchidism): Ngokuvamile, amasende omntwana womfana akhula ngaphakathi esiswini ngesikhathi esesesibelethweni. Abe esehla kancane kancane aye esinqeni, isikhwama lapho amasende ekhona khona. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izingane zinesende elilodwa noma womabili angazange ehlele esinqeni isikhathi esithile ngemva kokuzalwa.
• I-Hypospadias: Lesi yisimo esithinta izingane zesilisa. Imbobo ese-urethra, ipayipi lapho umchamo nesidoda siphuma khona, kufanele ibe seqophelweni lepenisi. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu, imbobo itholakala kwenye indawo ngaphansi kwepenisi.
• I-Spina bifida: Lesi yisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Senzeka lapho ubuchopho, umgogodla, kanye/noma ulwelwesi oluvikelayo oluzungeze umgogodla (ama-meninges) lungakhuli ngokugcwele ngenkathi umntwana esakhula esibelethweni. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungabangela ukukhubazeka okuyingxenye noma okuphelele. Kungabangela futhi isinye esibangelwa yizinzwa kanye nezinye izinkinga.
• I-Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR):Ngokuvamile, umchamo uhamba usuka ezinso udlule kuma-ureter uye kwesinye, bese uphuma nge-urethra. Kodwa-ke, kulesi simo (VUR), umchamo osesinyeni ugeleza ubuye ukhuphuke ngama-ureter, ngezinye izikhathi ubuyele ezinso.
• Ukuphuma kwesinye: Lesi yisimo esingavamile kakhulu. Kulesi simo, isinye somntwana sikhula ngendlela yokuthi ingaphakathi livezwe, okusho ukuthi ingaphakathi livezwe. Ingane ibe isichama ngembobo esiswini esingezansi, kunokuba ichame nge-urethra.
• I-Prune belly syndrome (i-Eagle-Barrett syndrome): Lesi futhi yisimo esingavamile kakhulu. Uphawu oluyinhloko lwalokhu ubuthakathaka noma ukulahlekelwa yimisipha yesisu, okwenza isisu sibukeke njengeplamu eyomile. Kanye nalokhu, amasende angase ehle futhi anyamalale, futhi kungase kube nezinye izinkinga ohlelweni lomchamo.
• Ivalvu ye-urethra yangemuva (i-PUV): Lesi simo sithinta izingane zesilisa. I-flap eyengeziwe (ivalvu) ngemuva kwe-urethra ivimba ukugeleza komchamo. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi umchamo uphindele emuva esinyeni, okubangela ukuthi sivuvuke. Lokhu kungalimaza i-urethra nezinso.

Yiziphi izimo ezivame kakhulu?

Amasende angakafiki phansi yiwona avame kakhulu ukungasebenzi kahle kwendlela yokuchama kubafana.

I-Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) iyisimo esivamile phakathi kwamantombazane.

Ziyini izimpawu zalezi zinkinga?

Lokhu kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lokungajwayelekile. Kwezinye izimo, kungase kungabi khona ubuhlungu noma izimpawu ezibonakalayo. Kulezi zimo, udokotela angazibona kuphela ngokuhlolwa okufana nokuskena. Kodwa-ke, nazi ezinye zezimpawu ezivame kakhulu:

• Ubuhlungu ohlangothini, esiswini, noma emhlane.
• Ukushisa noma ubuhlungu lapho uchama (i-dysuria).
• Ukuphambuka komchamo , noma ukugeleza komchamo okubuthakathaka.
• Ukuchama okuningi noma okuncane kunokujwayelekile.
• Igazi emchameni (i-hematuria).
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza .
• I-Hernia .
• Ukutheleleka njalo kwe-urinary tract (UTIs).
• Ingane ayikhuli iphilile njengoba bekulindelekile.

Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Yiziphi izizathu zalokhu?

Kunzima kakhulu ukukhomba imbangela eyodwa yalokhu. Kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu kuphazamiseka kwesistimu yomchamo kubangelwa yinhlanganisela yezici zemvelo kanye nokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo .

Izici zemvelo ezingathinta yilezi:

• Umama unesifo sikashukela .
• Ukuntuleka kwamavithamini namaminerali athile, njenge-folate ne-iron, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• Eminye imithi ethathwa ngumama (isibonelo, eminye imithi yesifo sokuwa) ingathinta kabi izinso.

Izinguquko ezinkulu zezakhi zofuzo ezihlobene nalezi zimo ezingavamile yizakhi zofuzo i-PAX2 kanye ne-HNF1B. Lezi zakhi zofuzo zisiza izinso, uhlelo lomchamo, kanye nezinye izicubu ukuthi zakheke ngesikhathi sokukhula kwengane.

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yilezi zimo?

Ngokuvamile, uma othile emndenini (ohlobene nempilo) eke waba nezinkinga zezinso noma zesistimu yomchamo ngaphambili , umntwana cishe unamathuba amaningi okuba nalolu hlobo lokukhubazeka kwesistimu yomchamo yokuzalwa.

Uzithola kanjani lezi? Ungasithola kanjani lesi sifo?

Esikhathini esiningi, odokotela bathola lokhu kuphazamiseka komchamo wokuzalwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound ngaphambi kokubeletha. Uyazi, lezi skeni zihlola impilo nokukhula komntwana. Zingabona nezinto ezifana ne-oligohydramnios, okuwukuntuleka koketshezi lwe-amniotic oluzungeze umntwana. Ngokuvamile, ngemva kwamasonto angaba ngu-20 okukhulelwa, iningi lalolu ketshezi lwe-amniotic luwumchamo . Ngakho-ke, uma kungekho uketshezi lwe-amniotic olwanele, odokotela basola ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ohlelweni lomchamo lomntwana.

Uma ngesizathu esithile lokhu kungenakutholakala ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe, udokotela angase asole lokhu ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana noma ngokusekelwe ezimpawini umntwana azibonisayo ngesikhathi esemncane. Bese kwenziwa izivivinyo ezahlukene ukuqinisekisa lesi simo. Lezi zivivinyo yilezi:

• Ukuskena nge-ultrasound: Lokhu ukuhlolwa okungenabuhlungu okusebenzisa amaza omsindo ukuthatha izithombe noma amavidiyo ezitho zomzimba nezicubu zomzimba.
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo/ukuhlolwa komchamo: Lokhu kungaqinisekisa izinto ezifana nokuthi kukhona yini ukutheleleka kwendlela yomchamo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kungahlola izinto ezifana nokuthi izinso zihlunga kahle kangakanani igazi (isilinganiso sokuhlunga se-glomerular esilinganiselwe - i-eGFR).
• I-CT scan (i-computed tomography scan): Lokhu futhi kuyindlela yokuhlola engenabuhlungu. Kudinga ama-X-ray amaningi alandelanayo ukudala izithombe ezinemininingwane zamathambo nezicubu ngaphakathi komzimba.
• I-MRI Scan (MRI / Magnetic resonance imaging): Lokhu futhi kuyindlela yokuhlola engenabuhlungu. Isebenzisa i-magnet, amaza omsakazo, kanye nekhompyutha ukuthatha izithombe ezinemininingwane yezitho zomzimba nezinto ezingaphakathi emzimbeni.
• I-voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG): Lolu uhlobo lokuhlola olukhethekile oluthatha izithombe ezinemininingwane zesinyi ngesikhathi sigcwalisa futhi sikhipha amanzi ngemva kokuchama .
• Ukuskena kwezinso: Lena inqubo yokuthwebula izithombe zemithi yenuzi esebenzisa inani elincane lezinto ezikhipha imisebe ukuze kuthathwe izithombe ezinemininingwane yezinso.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Urodynamic: Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka idivayisi efana ne-catheter ukuze kubonwe ukuthi isinyi sisebenza kahle kangakanani.

Kuphathwa kanjani lokhu?

Uhlobo lokwelashwa luncike ohlotsheni lokukhubazeka umntwana anakho. Ezinye izimo zingase zingadingi ukwelashwa. Ezinye izimo zingase zidinge ukwelashwa okuhlukile. Isibonelo:

• Ama-antibiotic (uma kukhona ukutheleleka)
• I-Dialysis (lapho izinso zingasebenzi kahle)
• Ukufakelwa kwezinso ( uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwezinso)

Ithimba lezokwelapha lengane yakho lizobuyekeza umlando wezokwelapha wengane yakho ophelele, lihlole kahle isimo sayo samanje, futhi lithuthukise uhlelo lwezempilo olungcono kakhulu nolufanele kakhulu lwengane yakho.

Ingabe zikhona izindlela zokuvimbela lezi zimo?

Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, akunakwenzeka ukuvimbela konke lokhu kuphazamiseka kwendlela yokuchama. Kodwa-ke, ukukhulelwa okunempilo kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yakho ngezinga elithile. Lokho kusho ukuthi:

• Bona udokotela ngesikhathi, uthole iseluleko, futhi uye emitholampilo ehleliwe.
• Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngemithi namavithamini owasebenzisayo njengamanje.
• Thatha i-vitamin yokukhulelwa equkethe okungenani ama-microgram angu-400 e-folic acid nsuku zonke.
• Ungasebenzisi utshwala, ugwayi, noma yimiphi imithi engakatshelwa udokotela.

Kwenzekani uma ingane yami inale nkinga yohlelo lomchamo oluzalwa nalo? Lizoba yini ikusasa?

Lokhu kuncike kakhulu ohlotsheni lokungajwayelekile komchamo ingane yakho enakho nokuthi izimpawu zimbi kangakanani. Ezinye izingane zingadinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha njalo impilo yazo yonke. Kodwa ungakhathazeki , ithimba lezokwelapha lengane yakho lizosebenza nawe ukudala uhlelo lomuntu siqu lokusiza ingane yakho ukuthi ihlale iphephile, iphilile, futhi izimele ngangokunokwenzeka.

Njengoba ingane ikhula, ifinyelela ekuthombeni, futhi ingena ebusheni, kungase kuvele izinkinga ezithile zempilo kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila. Isibonelo:

• Ubunzima bokulawula umchamo kanye nendle (ukungakwazi ukuzibamba ngenxa yokuchama kanye nokuhlanza amathumbu).
• Ukutheleleka okuvamile komgudu womchamo (UTIs).
• Ukulimala kwesinye, ezinso, kanye/noma emgudwini womchamo.
• Ukulimala okukhulu kwezinso kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwezinso. Uma kunjalo, kungadingeka ukuthi kukhishwe i-dialysis noma kufakwe ukufakelwa kwezinso.
• Lesi simo singathinta ukusebenza kanye nokubukeka kwezitho zabo zobulili, okungathinta ikhono labo lokuthola abantwana esikhathini esizayo.

Lokhu kuphazamiseka kwesistimu yomchamo yokuzalwa kungathinta ingane yakho ngokomzwelo nangokwenhlalo (indlela abanye abayibona ngayo, indlela ecabanga ngayo ngayo, njll.), kodwa ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lingakunikeza ukwesekwa kukho konke lokhu, lisize ingane yakho iguqukele ekubeni umuntu omdala ingabi nokucindezeleka ngangokunokwenzeka.

Kufanele ngiyise nini ingane yami kudokotela? Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo?

Kubalulekile ukuhlela ama-aphoyintimenti njalo nodokotela wengane yakho. Bazoqapha ingane yakho kusukela isencane, isencane, isencane, futhi isikhulile.

Uma ingane yakho inokuphazamiseka kwendlela yomchamo futhi ikhombisa noma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo, iya emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha :

• Uma uzwa ubuhlungu obukhulu obungabekezeleleki esiswini sakho, emhlane, noma ohlangothini.
• Uma unomkhuhlane ongaphezu kwama-degrees Celsius angu-38 (100.5 degrees Fahrenheit).
• Uma ubona ushintsho endleleni ochama ngayo (isib., ukuchama kakhulu noma kancane kunokujwayelekile, ukungakwazi nhlobo ukuchama , ukuzwa ubuhlungu lapho uchama , ukuchama igazi emchameni ).

Yimiphi imibuzo ebalulekile okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Ungakhohlwa ukubuza le mibuzo uma uvakashela udokotela wengane yakho:

• "Yini ngempela inkinga yokuzalwa kwesistimu yomchamo enganeni yami?"
• "Lesi simo sizoyithinta kanjani impilo yakhe esikhathini esizayo?"
• "Ingabe ingane yami isengozini enkulu yokuba nezinye izinkinga zempilo ngenxa yalesi simo?"
• "Ingabe ingane yami idinga ukwelashwa?"
• "Ngakho-ke, iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha?"
• "Yiziphi izinkinga okufanele ngiziqaphele ngokukhethekile?"
• "Yimiphi imiphumela yesikhathi eside yalesi simo enganeni yami?"

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizikhumbule

Enye yezinto ezikhathaza kakhulu abazali abaningi ukuthi ingane yabo engakazalwa noma ingane esanda kuzalwa izoba nesifo noma isimo esingathinta impilo yabo. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kwendlela yokuchama yokuzalwa kuyafana, futhi kungenzeka ngesikhathi ingane isakhula esibelethweni noma ngemva nje kokuzalwa. Eziningi zalezi zimo azikwazi ukuvinjelwa ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, ngokukhulelwa okunempilo,(Okusho ukuthi, ukudla ukudla okunomsoco, ukuthatha amavithamini anconywe odokotela, ukugwema izinto eziyingozi, kanye nokuya emitholampilo yezokwelapha ngesikhathi) kunganciphisa ingozi yezimo ezinjalo ngezinga elithile.

Uma uthola ukuthi ingane yakho inokukhubazeka komgudu womchamo, ungesabi . Ithimba lezokwelapha lizokwakha uhlelo lokwelashwa oluqondene ngqo nengane yakho futhi olusebenza kahle kakhulu kuyo. Bayazi ukuthi lokhu kungaba nzima futhi kucindezele kangakanani kuwe njengomzali. Yingakho bekulungele ukukuchazela izivivinyo kanye nokwelashwa ingane yakho ezodinga, futhi baphendule noma yimiphi imibuzo ongase ube nayo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ngalesi sikhathi ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela futhi umethembe udokotela wakho.

Ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu yomchamo yokuzalwa, ukukhubazeka komchamo kokuzalwa, izinkinga zomchamo wengane, isifo sezinso, izinkinga zesinye, impilo yengane, impilo yokukhulelwa