Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi ingane yakho ayifani naleyo eyayiyiyo ngaphambili? Ingabe iyathukuthela ngezinto ezincane, ihlala ithukuthele, futhi ibonakala ikhathele izinto eyayizijabulela? Lokhu kungase kungabi nje ukuziphatha okuvamile kwengane. Njengabantu abadala, izingane ezincane zingaba nokucindezeleka, okuwukucindezeleka kwengqondo. Ukukwelapha ngendlela efanele kungaba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu empilweni yonke yengane.
Sonke siyazi ukuthi ubuntwana abuhlali bujabulisa. Imizwa yezingane ifana nolwandle oluneziphepho. Ulwandle oluzolile lungaphenduka isiphepho ngokuzumayo, bese lubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile ngokushesha nje lapho ilanga liphuma nomoya uvunguza. Kodwa-ke, ukucindezeleka akuyona nje indlela evamile yokushintshashintsha kwemizwelo. Kuyisifo sangempela esingathinta ngisho nezingane ezincane kakhulu.
Ingabe lokhu kumane nje kuwukudabuka? Noma kukhona okunye?
"Sisanda kubona ukuthi izingane zingaba nokucindezeleka," kusho uDavid Fassler, udokotela wezifo zengqondo wezingane kanye nentsha eNyuvesi yaseVermont. "Ngesikhathi ngisesikoleni sezokwelapha, eminyakeni engaba ngu-20 edlule, safundiswa ukuthi izingane ezincane aziba nokucindezeleka."
Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi, izingane ziyakuthola ukucindezeleka. Ngokusho kwe-American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, u-2% wezingane kanye no-4% kuya ku-8% wentsha bahlushwa ukucindezeleka.
Nakuba lesi simo sivamile ezinganeni ezincane, sivame kakhulu phakathi kwentsha. Ngokusho kwabacwaningi, ingane eyodwa kweziyishumi cishe izoba nesifo sengqondo esihlobene nokucindezeleka lapho ineminyaka engu-16.
Indlela ukucindezeleka kobuntwana okukuthinta ngayo impilo yakho yonke
Ukucindezeleka kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu futhi yesikhathi eside empilweni yengane. Kungaphazamisa impilo yengane yokuxhumana nabantu, intuthuko engokomzwelo, kanye nomsebenzi wesikole. Kungaholela nasekusebenziseni kabi izidakamizwa.
"Uma ingane ingelashwa, ukucindezeleka kwayo kuvame ukuhlala izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye, okucishe kube ubude obufanayo besikhathi sesikole," kusho uFassler. "Kunzima kakhulu ukufeza lezo zifundo ezingafundwanga."
Okwenza izinto zibe zimbi kakhulu, labo abahlushwa ukucindezeleka ebuntwaneni nabo bayathinteka yikho lapho sebekhulile. Ucwaningo olulodwa luthole ukuthi abantu abadala abahlushwa ukucindezeleka lapho besebasha babenamathuba amaningi okuba nombono ongemuhle ngokuphila kunalabo ababengenawo. Ngokufanelekile:
- Imali yabo ejwayelekile iphansi.
- Inani labaphothule eyunivesithi liphansi.
- Amathuba okungasebenzi aphezulu.
- Kunabantu abaningi ababika izinkinga emsebenzini, emphakathini, kanye nasemndenini.
Futhi, umuntu owayenokucindezeleka esemusha unamathuba aphindwe kabili okuthola ukucindezeleka futhi esemdala kunomuntu ongakaze abe nesifo sengqondo.
Kodwa okutholakele okuphazamisayo kakhulu kulolu cwaningo kwaba amazinga aphezulu okuzibulala nokufa. Nakuba kungekho ukufa okubikwayo ngokuzibulala phakathi kwalabo ababengenakho ukucindezeleka ngesikhathi sobusha, u-7% wezingane ezinokucindezeleka zazizibulele, kanti abanye abangu-34% babezame ukuzibulala.
Lokhu akuyona into okufanele ithathwe kalula. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izingane ezihlushwa ukucindezeleka zisengozini enkulu yokuzibulala.
Ukubona kanjani ukucindezeleka enganeni?
Abazali bangazibona lezi zimpawu ngokunaka ingane yabo. Uma eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yalezi zimpawu zikhona enganeni isikhathi eside, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela (udokotela) ukuze uthole iseluleko.
| Isibonakaliso | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ukuthukuthela noma ukucasuka | Ngiyathukuthela futhi ngilwe kaningi kunangaphambili. |
| Usizi oluqhubekayo nokuphelelwa yithemba | Uhlala edabukile, enobuso obudabukile. Ekhuluma sengathi akukho themba lalutho. |
| Ukuzihlukanisa emphakathini | Ugwema abangane futhi ukhetha ukuhlala ekamelweni lakhe futhi abe yedwa. |
| Ukuzwela ngokweqile ekwenqatshweni | Ngisho noma umuntu esho into encane, kudinga okuningi enhliziyweni futhi kuyamzwisa ubuhlungu. |
| Izinguquko ekufiseni ukudla | Kungaba ukudla okuncane kakhulu, noma ukudla okuningi kakhulu. |
| Izinguquko zokulala | Angikwazi ukulala, noma ngilala kakhulu. |
| Ukumemeza noma ukukhala kakhulu | Kungazelelwe ngamemeza futhi ngakhala ngaphandle kwesizathu. |
| Ubunzima bokugxila | Kunzima ukunaka izifundo zakho nalokho okushoyo. |
| Ukukhathala namandla aphansi | Ngihlala ngikhathele futhi angifuni ukwenza lutho. |
| Imizwa yokungafaneleki noma yecala | Basho izinto ezinjengokuthi “Anginandaba”, “Konke kuyiphutha lami”. |
| Imicabango ngokufa noma ukuzibulala | Ukusho noma ukubhala izinto ezinjengokuthi "Ngifisa sengathi ngabe ngifile." Lokhu kuyimpawu engathi sína kakhulu. |
Ubukhulu balezi zimpawu benza ukwelashwa kube yinto ebalulekile. Ukwelashwa kungafaka phakathi ukwelashwa kwengqondo kanye/noma imithi yokucindezeleka.
"Ngokokuhlangenwe nakho kwami, cishe zonke izingane ezinesifo sokucindezeleka ziyazuza ekwelashweni komuntu ngamunye," kusho uFassler. "Ngesikhathi izingane zithola usizo, imiphumela yesibili yokucindezeleka, njengokuzethemba okuphansi kanye nobudlelwano obubi nomndeni nabangane, isivele iqalile ukuvela. Izingane zidinga usizo lokuxazulula lezo zinto. Imithi ayizixazululi lezo zinkinga."
Ingabe ukwesaba ngemithi kuyiqiniso? (Impikiswano Yokulwa Nokucindezeleka)
Nakuba kube nempikiswano ethile mayelana nemithi yokucindezeleka yezingane, ngo-2004 i-U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yengeze isixwayiso esinamandla kulawa malebula emithi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "isixwayiso sebhokisi elimnyama." Yathi le mithi kufanele isetshenziswe ngokuqapha ngoba iboniswe ukuthi yandisa imicabango yokuzibulala kanye nokuziphatha ezinganeni nasebancane.
Umgomo we-FDA kwakuwukuxwayisa odokotela ukuthi baqaphele ukuthambekela kokuzibulala ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala zokwelashwa, kodwa lesi sixwayiso senza okungaphezu kwalokho.
Nakuba ukunikezwa kwalo muthi ezinganeni kwakulokhu kukhula kancane kancane ngaphambi kwalesi sixwayiso, ngo-2005, ukunikezwa kwalo muthi ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 kwase kwehle ngo-20%.
Manje abanye ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo besaba ukuthi lokhu kungaba nomphumela omubi kakhulu: ukuthi kungaholela ekwandeni kokuzibulala njengoba abazali nodokotela abesabayo begwema ukunikeza izingane zabo imithi edingekayo.
"Ukuyeka ukucindezeleka kungelashwa kuyingozi kakhulu kunokusebenzisa umuthi wokucindezeleka," kusho uJefferson Prince, MD, udokotela wezifo zengqondo eMassachusetts General Hospital.
Isexwayiso se-FDA sasisekelwe ekubuyekezweni kwezifundo ezingu-24 ezibonise ukuthi phakathi nezinyanga ezine zokuqala zokwelashwa, izingane ezithathe umuthi zazinamathuba okucabanga noma okuzama ukuzibulala kabili kunezingane ezingazange zithathe umuthi (i-placebo). Kodwa-ke, akukho ukufa okubangelwe ukuzibulala kulezo zifundo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, olunye ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi yi-2% kuphela yezingane kanye nentsha ezizibulele ezazithatha umuthi wokucindezeleka ngesikhathi sokufa kwazo.
Ngakho-ke, uMnu. Prince ucabanga ukuthi lesi sixwayiso singase sibe nomthelela omuhle kuso. Siphakamise ukuqwashisa ngengozi yokuzibulala ezinganeni ezinesifo sokucindezeleka. Kuhle futhi ukukwazi ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile nemindeni ngalokhu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukucindezeleka kobuntwana akuyona nje into eshintshashintshayo yemizwa. Kuyisimo sangempela sezokwelapha esidinga ukwelashwa.
- Uma ubona ushintsho oluhlala isikhathi eside ekuziphatheni kwengane yakho, ekulaleni kwayo, ezindleleni zokudla, noma ekuxhumaneni nabantu, ungalushayi indiva.
- Uma ubona izimpawu, thintana nodokotela ofanelekayo ngokushesha ukuze uthole iseluleko.
- Ukwelashwa kungafaka phakathi ukwelulekwa, futhi uma kudingeka, imithi. Ungesabi imithi ngokungadingekile. Ukungatholi ukwelashwa kuyingozi kakhulu.
- Nika ingane yakho uthando, ukusekela, nokuqonda. Menze azizwe sengathi akayedwa.
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