Uma unesifo sikashukela, uyazi ukuthi kufanele usilawule kangakanani. Kunezinto eziningi okufanele uzenze, njengokulawula amazinga kashukela egazini lakho, ukunakekela ukudla kwakho, nokuzivocavoca. Phakathi kwakho konke lokhu, ngezinye izikhathi singakhohlwa ngamehlo ethu. Kodwa enye yezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu ezingabangelwa isifo sikashukela ukulahleka kokubona. Phakathi kwazo, isimo esivame kakhulu futhi esingasongela umbono yi-Diabetic Macular Edema, noma i-DME ngamafuphi. Ukuzwa leli gama kungaba yinto eyesabekayo. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Uma unolwazi olufanele ngalokhu futhi uthola ukwelashwa ngesikhathi esifanele, ungavikela amehlo akho ayigugu.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-Diabetic Macular Edema (DME)?
Kulungile, ake sikubeke ngale ndlela. Ngemuva kweso lakho, kunendawo ebucayi kakhulu esebenza njengefilimu ekhamera. Siyibiza ngokuthi i-retina . Izithombe esizibonayo ziqoshwa kule retina. Uma unesifo sikashukela, ikakhulukazi uma amazinga kashukela egazini lakho engalawulwa isikhathi eside, imithambo yegazi emincane engaphakathi kweso lakho iqala ukonakala. Njengepayipi lamanzi elidala, le mithambo yegazi iba buthakathaka futhi iqala ukuvuza igazi noketshezi. Lesi simo sisibiza ngokuthi i-Diabetic Retinopathy .
Manje, lapho lolu ketshezi oluvuzayo luqoqana ku-retina, luqala ukuvuvukala. Kukhona ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ye-retina esisiza sibone kahle, phakathi nendawo, ebizwa ngokuthi i-macula . Lapho lolo ketshezi oluvuzayo luqoqana ku-macula futhi luvuvukala, yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) . Lapho i-macula ivuvukala, ithinta ngqo umbono wethu obukhali nocacile.
Ingabe unezimpawu ezifana nalezi?
Inkinga eyodwa nge-DME ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi ayibonisi zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Kodwa njengoba isimo siqhubeka, ungase uqaphele izinto ezifana nalezi:
- Ukubona okufiphele: Uma ufunda incwadi, ubuka i-TV, noma ubheka ubuso bomuntu, isikhungo sesithombe siba sifiphele futhi singacaci.
- Izithombe zibonakala zinwetshiwe noma zigobile: Ngisho nomugqa oqondile ungabonakala unwetshiwe njengegagasi.
- Imibala ephelile: Imibala ibonakala sengathi ilahlekelwe ukukhanya kwayo nokucaca, ibonakala "ihlanziwe."
Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, ungalibali . Bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma unesifo sikashukela, kubalulekile ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okungenani kanye ngonyaka , noma ngabe awunazo izimpawu.
Udokotela uyixilonga kanjani i-DME?
Uma uya kudokotela, uzoqala ngokukubuza imibuzo embalwa bese ekwenza ukuhlolwa kwamehlo.
Imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela
- Uke wabona noma yiziphi izinguquko embonweni wakho muva nje?
- Sekuyisikhathi esingakanani utholakele unesifo sikashukela? Ingabe ukhona emndenini wakho onaso?
- Anjani amazinga akho kashukela egazini kanye ne-A1c?
- Ingabe une-high blood pressure noma i-cholesterol ephezulu?
- Zikhona yini ezinye izimo zezokwelapha?
Ngemva kwalokho, lezi zivivinyo zenziwa ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamehlo.
| Igama lokuhlolwa | Kalula nje, wenzani ngalokhu? |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlolwa Kokubona Okubonakalayo | Lesi isivivinyo sokufunda esisaziyo sonke. Silinganisa ukuthi ungabona ngokucacile kangakanani emabangeni ahlukene. |
| Ukuhlolwa Kwamehlo Okuvulekile | Udokotela uzofaka amaconsi esweni lakho ukuze akhulise umgodi omnyama esweni lakho. Bese, besebenzisa ithuluzi elikhethekile, bazobheka ngaphakathi kweso lakho ukuze bahlole isimo se-retina yakho, ukuthi kukhona yini uketshezi oluphuma emithanjeni yegazi, nokuthi kukhona yini ukuvuvukala. |
| I-Fluorescein Angiogram (FA) | Lolu uhlobo lokuhlolwa olukhethekile. Idayi ekhethekile ifakwa emthanjeni ongalweni yakho. Njengoba idayi ihamba ngemithambo yegazi engaphakathi kweso lakho, ikhamera ekhethekile ithatha izithombe. Lokhu kungasiza ekutholeni ukuthi imithambo yegazi ivuza kuphi. |
| I-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) | Lokhu kufana nokuskena ingaphakathi leso. Ikhamera ekhethekile ithatha isithombe sengxenye evundlile ye-retina. Lokhu kungalinganisa ngokunembile ukuthi kungakanani ukuvuvukala okukhona ku-macula nokuthi kungakanani uketshezi oluqongelelwe. |
Ngemva kwalezi zivivinyo, udokotela uzonquma ukuthi une-DME nokuthi iyingozi kangakanani.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-DME?
Ngenhlanhla, manje kunezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ze-DME. Udokotela wakho uzoncoma ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho.1. Imijovo Elwa Ne-VEGF
Lolu uhlobo lokwelapha oluyinhloko nolusebenza kahle kakhulu olutholakalayo njengamanje. I-VEGF iyiprotheni esiza imithambo yegazi emisha nebuthakathaka ukuthi yakheke ngaphakathi kwamehlo ethu. Le mijovo ivimba leyo phrotheni ye-VEGF. Lokhu kuvimbela ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emisha kanye noketshezi oluvela emithanjeni ekhona ukuthi luphume. Le mijovo ifakwa ngqo esweni. Nakuba kungase kuzwakale kuyesabisa kancane, kuyayithuntubeza iso ukuze lingalimazi kakhulu. Imithi evame ukusetshenziswa yile:
- I-Aflibercept (Eylea)
- I-Bevacizumab (i-Avastin)
- I-Ranibizumab (i-Lucentis)
- I-Faricimab-svoa (i-Vabysmo) - Lona umuthi omusha ovimba amaprotheni e-VEGF kanye ne-Ang-2.
2. Ukwelashwa nge-laser (i-Laser Photocoagulation)
Uma isimo sibi kakhulu, kusetshenziswa ama-laser "ukuvala" noma ukushisa imithambo yegazi evuzayo. Lokhu kungasiza ekulawuleni ukuvuvukala. Kungadingeka ukuthi ube nokwelashwa okuningana.
3. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha
Kwezinye izimo, kusetshenziswa imijovo ye-steroid. Futhi, uma uketshezi olungaphakathi kweso (i-vitreous humor) luphuma igazi futhi lubangela ukubona okufiphele, kwenziwa inqubo yokuhlinzwa ebizwa ngokuthi i-vitrectomy ukuze kususwe uketshezi bese kufakwa ikhambi elicacile esikhundleni salo.
Izinto ongazenza ukuze uzinakekele
Ngaphezu kokwelashwa udokotela wakho akunikeza kona, kunezinto eziningi ongazenza wena. Ukwenza lezi zinto ngendlela efanele kungasiza ekuvimbeleni isimo ukuba singabi sibi kakhulu.
- Lawula isifo sikashukela sakho: Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Gcina ushukela wakho egazini, umfutho wegazi, kanye namazinga e-cholesterol emazingeni afanele anqunywe udokotela wakho. Thatha imithi oyinikezwe udokotela njengoba nje uyalelwe.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo: Yidla ukudla okulinganiselayo, lawula isisindo sakho, futhi uvivinye umzimba nsuku zonke. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu bese usungula uhlelo olufanele wena.
- Ungayeki ukuhlolwa kwamehlo: Ungakuhlehlisi ukuhlolwa kwamehlo ngoba ucabanga ukuthi akukho lutho olungalungile. Udokotela wakho uzofuna ukukubona njalo ukuze abone ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakho kusebenza kahle kangakanani futhi ahlole noma yiziphi ezinye izinkinga.
- Cabanga ngempilo yakho yengqondo: Kuvamile ukuzizwa udangele futhi ukhathazekile uma unezinkinga zokubona. Khuluma ngemizwa yakho nomndeni wakho, umngane omethembayo, noma udokotela wakho. Funa usizo kumeluleki wezempilo yengqondo uma kudingeka.
Khumbula, i-DME iyisimo esigcina umbono uma sitholakala kusenesikhathi futhi selashwa kahle. Ngakho-ke ungesabi, bhekana nayo ngesibindi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Uma unesifo sikashukela, ukulawula ushukela wegazi lakho, umfutho wegazi kanye namazinga e-cholesterol kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela amehlo akho.
- Ngisho noma ungenazo izimpawu, qiniseka ukuthi uhlolwa amehlo ngokuphelele (ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvulekile) okungenani kanye ngonyaka.
- Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nokungaboni kahle, izithombe eziphambene, noma imibala efiphele, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
- Manje sekukhona ukwelashwa okusebenzayo kakhulu kwe-DME (injections ye-Anti-VEGF, lasers). Uma ukwelashwa kuqalwa kusenesikhathi, amathuba okugcina umbono aphezulu.
- Awuwedwa kulolu hambo. Thola ukwesekwa kudokotela wakho, emndenini nakubangani.
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