Ingabe ingane yakho encane idlala yodwa ngaphandle kokuhlanganyela nezinye izingane? Noma ingabe ayikubheki emehlweni uma ukhuluma? Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi iphinda into efanayo? Kuvamile ngawe njengomzali ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ukhathazekile kancane uma ubona izinto ezinjengalezi. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-autism, esibonisa lezi zimpawu futhi esikhulunywa ngaso ngabantu abaningi. Asikho isizathu sokwesaba. Masiqonde konke ngalokhu kalula nangokucacile.
Kalula nje, iyini i-autism?
I-Autism, noma ngokwezokwelapha eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), iyisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi esithinta ukukhula kobuchopho. Akusona isifo, kodwa kunalokho ushintsho endleleni ubuchopho obusebenza ngayo. Lokhu kungathinta indlela umuntu one-autism axhumana ngayo nabanye, axhumana ngayo, afunda ngayo, futhi aziphatha ngayo.
Izimpawu ze-autism zivame ukuqala ukuvela ngaphambi kweminyaka emi-3. Lesi simo sihlala impilo yonke. Sibizwa ngokuthi "i-spectrum" ngoba indlela esithinta ngayo umuntu ngamunye kanye nobunzima baso iyahlukahluka kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abekho abantu ababili abane-autism abafanayo.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuhlonza kusenesikhathi i-autism kanye nokunikeza ukwesekwa nokwelashwa okudingekayo kungasiza kakhulu ekukhuleni kwengane kanye nekhono lokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke kalula.
Ingabe kunezinga elihlukile le-autism?
Yebo. I-Autism ayithinti wonke umuntu ngendlela efanayo. Esikhathini esidlule, abantu babesebenzisa amagama anjengokuthi "ukusebenza okuphezulu" kanye "nokusebenza okuphansi." Kodwa la magama asephelelwe yisikhathi futhi angaba yingozi. Yingakho odokotela bengasawasebenzisi la magama.
Kunalokho, amazinga amathathu aqaliswe ngokusekelwe ekutheni umuntu one-autism udinga ukwesekwa okungakanani.
| Izinga | Incazelo | Incazelo |
|---|---|---|
| Izinga 1 | Kudinga ukwesekwa | Nakuba bangase babe nobunzima ekuxhumaneni nabantu, bangasebenza ngokujwayelekile ngokusekelwa okuthile. |
| Izinga 2 | Kudinga ukwesekwa okukhulu | Babonisa ubunzima obucacile ekukhulumisaneni nasebudlelwaneni bomphakathi. Badinga ukwesekwa okukhulu kwansuku zonke. |
| Izinga 3 | Kudinga ukwesekwa okukhulu kakhulu | Ukuxhumana kuncane kakhulu futhi kudinga ukwesekwa okukhulu nokunakekelwa cishe kuzo zonke izici zokuphila kwansuku zonke. |
Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza uma ukhuluma ngomuntu one- autism ukubuza lowo muntu ngokwakhe noma umnakekeli wakhe ukuthi angathanda ukuchazwa kanjani.
Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile ze-autism?
Izimpawu ze-autism zingase zihluke kancane phakathi kwezingane nabantu abadala.
Izimpawu ezingabonakala ezinganeni
- Ukuntuleka kokuxhumana emehlweni.
- Angiphenduli igama ngisho noma ngineminyaka engu-9 ubudala.
- Ukungadlali imidlalo elula njengokushaya izandla eneminyaka eyi-12 ubudala.
- Bapakisha amathoyizi abo ngokulandelana okufanayo, futhi bayacasuka kakhulu uma lokho kuhlelwa kushintsha.
- Ukuphinda into efanayo ngokuphindaphindiwe. Isibonelo, ukusho amagama afanayo, ukunyakazisa emuva naphambili, noma ukuvayizisa izandla zakho.
- Ukungabheki lokho okuboniswa abanye abantu.
- Ukuntuleka kwesithakazelo sokudlala nezinye izingane.
- Ukuphuza izinto ezifana nokukhuluma nokuhamba.
- Ukuzwela ngokweqile emisindweni evamile, ephunga, nasekuthinteni.
- Ukungafuni ukwangiwa noma ukubanjwa ngumuntu.
Izimpawu ezibonakala kubantu abadala
- Ubunzima bokuqonda lokho abanye abakucabangayo nabakuzwayo.
- Ukukhetha ukuba wedwa noma ukuthola ubunzima bokuthola abangane.
- Ukukhathazeka ezimweni zomphakathi (isib., imikhosi, amaphathi).
- Ngikhetha ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke ngendlela efanayo, ngokulandelana okufanayo, futhi ngingafuni ukuyibona ishintsha.
- Izinto ezikhulunywayo ziyafana (litre)KONKE y) Ukuqonda. (isib. ubunzima bokuqonda izifaniso ezifana nokuthi "phula umlenze").
- Ubunzima bokubheka emehlweni nokukhuluma.
- Ukuba ngumuntu ongenanjongo, odelelayo, noma ongenandaba kungabonakala kuyinto embi.
Kuyini "uKushukumisa" kanye "nokuQonda"?
Ukushukumisa umzimba kubhekisela ekuziphatheni okuzivuselelayo. Isibonelo, abanye abantu abane-autism bashukumisa izandla zabo, banyakazise iminwe yabo, futhi banyakaze emuva naphambili. Lokhu bakwenza ukuze bajabule, bathukuthele, noma baphathe ukucindezeleka noma ukukhathazeka. Lokhu kubasiza ukuba behlise umoya.
Ukuwohloka kwemizwa akuyona nje into ecasulayo ingane eyenzayo. Kuyindlela engalawuleki yokusabela kwesimiso sezinzwa zayo lapho isimo siba nzima kakhulu kumuntu one-autism, njengephunga, umsindo, noma ukukhanya. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, bangase bakhale, bamemeze, bakhahlele, noma bathule ngokuphelele. Banike isikhala, badale indawo ephephile, futhi ubaphathe ngenhlonipho.
Yini ebangela i-autism? Ingabe ibangelwa yimijovo yokugoma?
Imbangela eqondile ye-autism ayaziwa okwamanje , kodwa kukholakala ukuthi ibangelwa izinguquko ezithile ezingxenyeni zobuchopho ezicubungula ulwazi lwezinzwa kanye nolimi.
Kunezici eziningana eziyingozi ezithinta lokhu:
- Izici zofuzo: Uma othile emndenini ene-autism, ingane isengozini enkulu yokuba nayo.
- Ubudala bomzali: Ubudala babazali ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Izinkinga ngesikhathi sokuzalwa: Izinto ezifana nokuzalwa unesisindo esincane kakhulu.
- Ubulili: I-Autism ivame kakhulu kubafana kunamantombazane.
Akukho ukuxhumana phakathi kwemithi yokugoma kanye ne-autism!
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Abanye abantu basakaza umbono ongalungile wokuthi imijovo ibangela i-autism. Kodwa izifundo zesayensi eziningi ezenziwe emhlabeni wonke ziye zafakazela ukuthi akukho ukuxhumana phakathi kwemijovo ne-autism. Imijovo ivikela izingane ezifweni ezingathi sína. Ngakho-ke ungesabi ukunikeza ingane yakho imijovo enconywe udokotela wakho ngesikhathi.
Ihlolwa kanjani i-autism? (Ukuxilongwa)
Akukho ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma komchamo okungahlonza ngokunembile i-autism. Odokotela bayihlonza ngokubheka ngokucophelela ukuziphatha kwengane kanye nokukhula kwayo.
Ngokuvamile kunezinyathelo ezimbili kule nqubo:
1. Ukuhlolwa Kokuthuthukiswa:Uma uyisa ingane yakho emtholampilo, udokotela uzobheka ukukhula kwayo. Uzohlola ukuthi izinto ezifana nokukhuluma, ukuhamba, nokufunda zenzeka ngesikhathi esifanele yini ngokweminyaka yayo. Ngokuvamile, banaka kakhulu i-autism emitholampilo yezinyanga ezingu-18 nezingu-24. Uma becabanga ukuthi kukhona ukubambezeleka noma inkinga, bazokudlulisela esinyathelweni esilandelayo.
2. Ukuhlolwa Okuphelele: Ngenxa yalokhu, kudluliselwa kuchwepheshe njengodokotela wengqondo yezingane noma udokotela wezingane othuthukisa ukuziphatha. Bazohlola ukuziphatha kwengane, ukuxhumana, kanye namakhono okucabanga. Bazobuza abazali imibuzo. Ngezinye izikhathi, bazofuna usizo lukadokotela wezifo zolimi lokukhuluma kanye nodokotela wezokwelapha emsebenzini.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-autism?
Okokuqala, khumbula ukuthi ayikho 'iphilisi lomlingo' elingayelapha ngokuphelele i-autism. Kodwa ukuqala ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungasiza ingane yakho ithuthukise amakhono ayo futhi ibhekane nezinselele zayo. Ukwelashwa kuyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu.
Ezinye zezindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko yilezi:
- Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha: Kusiza ekukhuthazeni ukuziphatha okuhle nokulawula ukuziphatha okungafuneki. Ukuhlaziywa Kokuziphatha Okusetshenzisiwe (i-ABA) kuyindlela yokwelapha eyaziwayo ewela ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba.
- Ukwelashwa Kokuthuthukiswa: Ukwelashwa Ngenkulumo kuthuthukisa amakhono okuxhumana. Ukwelashwa Ngomsebenzi kuthuthukisa amakhono ansuku zonke njengokugqoka nokudla.
- Ukwelapha Kwezemfundo: Ukulungisa izindlela zemfundo ukuze zivumelane nezidingo zengane.
- Imithi: Nakuba kungekho ikhambi le-autism, odokotela ngezinye izikhathi banikeza imithi yokulawula ezinye izinkinga ezihlobene nayo (isib., ukusebenza ngokweqile, ukukhathazeka, ukungakwazi ukulala).
Qaphela izindlela zokwelapha mbumbulu!
Cishe uke wabona izikhangiso ezithi izinto ezifana nokuthi “ukwelapha i-autism ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.” Eziningi zalezi zingamanga, kanti ezinye zingaba yingozi. Ungakhohliswa yizinto ezifana nobisi lwekamela, imijovo ehlukahlukene, kanye namakhemikhali (i-chelation). Ngaphambi kokuqala noma yikuphi ukwelashwa, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho.
Ungasiza kanjani njengomzali?
Uma ingane yakho ine-autism, uthando lwakho kanye nokusekela kwakho kungamandla ayo amakhulu.
- Usizo ngokuxhumana: Uma ukhuluma nengane yakho, yisho igama layo. Khuluma kancane, ngamagama alula nacacile. Sebenzisa izithombe nezimpawu.
- Dala inqubo eqhubekayo:Izingane ezine-autism azithandi ushintsho, ngakho-ke gcina izinto ezifana nezikhathi zokudla, izikhathi zokudlala, kanye nezikhathi zokulala zingaguquguquki.
- Usizo ngezinkinga zokulala: Zama ukulala ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke. Yenza igumbi lakho libe mnyama futhi lithule.
- Siza ekuthuthukiseni amakhono okuxhumana nabantu: Ungamphoqi ingane yakho. Bamba iqhaza emisebenzini yamaqembu amancane. Mnike isikhathi sokufunda amakhono okuxhumana nabantu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Autism (ASD) akuyona isifo, kodwa yisimo sokuphila konke esihlobene nokukhula kobuchopho.
- Zonke izingane ezine-autism zihlukile, ngakho-ke okusebenza komunye kungase kungasebenzeli omunye.
- Imithi yokugoma ayibangeli i-autism. Lokhu kuye kwafakazelwa ngokwesayensi.
- Uma ubona ushintsho ekuziphatheni kwengane yakho, ungesabi futhi ubone udokotela wakho ngokushesha ukuze akunike iseluleko.
- Ukuhlonza kusenesikhathi kanye nokuhlinzekwa kokwelashwa nokusekelwa okudingekayo kungasiza ingane ukuba iphile impilo ephumelelayo nejabulisayo.
- Ungakhohliswa "yimithi yokwelapha" engamanga. Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngaphambi kokwenza noma yini.
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