Uyaqaphela yini isimo esingavamile enhliziyweni yakho: I-Ebstein's Anomaly?

Inhliziyo yethu iyisitho esimangalisayo ngempela, akunjalo? Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ngenxa yezinguquko ezithile ezenzeka ekuzalweni, kungaba nezinkinga ezincane ngokusebenza kwenhliziyo. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo senhliziyo esingavamile abantu abaningi abanaso. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Ebstein's Anomaly. Nakuba igama lingase lizwakale liyesabeka kancane, masiliqonde kalula.

Ngakho-ke iyini i-Ebstein's Anomaly?

Kalula nje, i-Ebstein's Anomaly yisifo senhliziyo esiba khona lapho kuzalwa . Sibizwa nangokuthi "ukuzalwa kabusha," okusho ukuthi sikhona lapho kuzalwa. "I-anomaly" isho into engavamile noma engalindelekile. Kulesi simo , i-valve ye-tricuspid, enye yama-valve amane enhliziyweni yethu, ithinteka kakhulu.

Cabanga ngakho, kunezinto ezifana neminyango phakathi kwamakamelo enhliziyo yethu ezisiza ukugeleza kwegazi ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ama-valve. I-valve ye-tricuspid ingenye yazo. Lesi simo sachazwa okokuqala ngo-1866 ngudokotela waseJalimane ogama lakhe linguWilhelm Ebstein. Yingakho iqanjwe ngaye.

Kwenzekani ku-valve ye-tricuspid ku-Ebstein anomaly?

Izinguquko ezimbili ezinkulu zingabonakala ku-valve ye-tricuspid yomuntu onalesi simo:

1. I-valve ayakhekile kahle (ayinawo ukwakheka): Amapheshana, ama-flaps avuleka futhi avalwe ngokushaya ngakunye kwenhliziyo, awakheki ngendlela evamile. Ngezinye izikhathi angase anamathele odongeni lwenhliziyo.

2. Indawo yevalvu ihlukile: Le valve iphansi kunalokho okufanele ibe yikho ngokuvamile.

Lezi zinkinga zibangela ukuthi i-valve ingavaleki kahle, okubangela ukuthi igazi liphinde livuzele emuva ku-atrium ephezulu kwesokudla. Odokotela bakubiza lokhu ngokuthi i-regurgitation. Njengoba igazi liqhubeka ligeleza emuva, i-atrium efanele iyanda kancane kancane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uhlangothi lwesokudla lwenhliziyo lungaba buthaka futhi luholele ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo . Lokhu akusikho ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, kodwa kunalokho ukungakwazi kwenhliziyo ukupompa igazi kahle.

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yilesi simo?

Abantu abaningi abane-Ebstein's Anomaly banezinye izimo zenhliziyo. Cishe amaphesenti angama-94 abantu abane-Ebstein's Anomaly banembobo odongeni phakathi kwamakamelo amabili aphezulu enhliziyo (i-atria). Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) noma i-Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO).

Futhi, ezinye izinkinga zingabonakala kwamanye ama-valve enhliziyo kanye namakamelo ohlangothini lwesobunxele.

Ivame kangakanani i-Ebstein's Anomaly?

Lesi yisimo esingavamile kakhulu . Sithinta cishe ingane eyodwa kweziyizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amabili ezisanda kuzalwa. Phakathi kwezifo zenhliziyo ezizalwa nazo, sibonakala ngaphansi kwe-1%.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Ebstein's Anomaly?

Izimpawu zalesi simo zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu, kusukela kokuncane kuya kokubi kakhulu kuye ngokuthi i-valve ikhubazeke kangakanani.

Uma isimo sibi kakhulu, izimpawu zivame ukuvela ekuzalweni noma ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala zokuphila . Ezinganeni ezincane, ngezinye izikhathi:

• Isikhumba singaphenduka sibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yokuntuleka komoya-mpilo egazini (i-cyanosis) .
• Izimpawu zokuqala zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo zingabandakanya:
• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ukwanda kwesisindo kuyinto evame kakhulu.
• Ukuvuvukala (i-edema) emilenzeni, esiswini, noma eduze kwamehlo.

Cabanga nje, uma umntwana osanda kuzalwa eqhubeka nokuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi enenkinga yokuphefumula, odokotela bangase basole isimo esinjalo.

Uma isimo sincane, ungase ungabi nazimpawu nhlobo, noma izimpawu zingase zivele lapho usukhulile. Uma izimpawu zivela kubantu abadala, ungase uqaphele izinto ezinjengalezi:

• Ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (ikakhulukazi izindebe nezinzipho).
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (i-arrhythmia).
• Uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo:
• Ubuhlungu besifuba.
• Ukuzizwa unesizungu noma ukuphelelwa yithemba.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula, ikakhulukazi lapho uzivocavoca.
• Ukuvuvukala kwemilenze noma isisu.

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-Ebstein's Anomaly?

Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, odokotela abakakwazi ukusho ukuthi kungani lesi simo senzeka . Kukholakala ukuthi sibangelwa inhlanganisela yezakhi zofuzo (okungukuthi, ezizuzwe njengefa) kanye nezici zemvelo. Kodwa ukuthi lezo zici ziyini azikaqinisekiswa ngokuqinisekile.

Lesi simo sitholakala kanjani? (Ukuxilongwa)

Uma ubona udokotela, bazobuza ngezimpawu zakho futhi bahlole izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho kanye nomfutho wegazi. Bangase futhi benze ezinye izivivinyo ukuze babone ukuthi inhliziyo yakho isebenza kahle kangakanani, njengokuthi:

• Izithombe zenhliziyo:
• I-X-ray yesifuba: Lokhu kungahlola ukuthi inhliziyo ikhulisiwe yini.
• I-MRI Yenhliziyo: Lokhu kungaveza izithombe ezicacile nezinemininingwane eminingi zama-valve namagumbi enhliziyo.
• I-Echocardiogram: Lokhu kufana ne-ultrasound yenhliziyo. Kuvumela udokotela ukubona ukuma kwama-valve namakamelo enhliziyo, nokuthi asebenza kanjani. Kungabonisa ngokucacile ukungasebenzi kahle kwama-valve ku-Ebstein anomaly.
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG): Lokhu kulinganisa ukusebenza kukagesi kwenhliziyo. Kungabona noma yikuphi ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (ama-arrhythmia).
• Ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kokuzivocavoca:Kulokhu, uzofakwa ku-treadmill noma ebhayisikilini bese kuthathwa i-ECG. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukubona ukuthi inhliziyo yakho isebenza kanjani uma ucindezelekile.
• I-Holter monitor: Lena idivayisi encane oyigqoka amahora angama-24 kuya kwangu-48. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, iqopha ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngakunye. Lokhu kunganikeza udokotela wakho umbono omuhle wokuthi ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho kanye nesigqi sakho kushintsha kanjani usuku lonke.

Iphathwa kanjani i-Ebstein's Anomaly?

Ukwelashwa kuncike ekutheni izimpawu zakho zimbi kangakanani.

• Uma izimpawu zincane noma zingekho: Udokotela wakho uzoqapha inhliziyo yakho njalo ukuze abone ukuthi kukhona yini ushintsho. Ungase ungadingi ukwelashwa.
• Uma unezimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (i-arrhythmia):
• Imithi inganikezwa ukulawula lezo zimo.
• Uma unenhliziyo ekhuphukile noma umlando wokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, ungase ucelwe ukuthi unciphise umsebenzi womzimba . Kufanele ulandele imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo.

• Uma izimpawu zinzima: Ukuhlinzwa kwe-valve ye-tricuspid kuyindlela engcono kakhulu. Lokhu kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-valve esikhathini eside.
• Ukuzama ukuyilungisa usebenzisa izicubu zakho zevalvu kuyindlela efanele kakhulu yokwelapha.
• Uma umonakalo umkhulu kakhulu ukuba ungalungiswa, ivalvu kungadingeka ishintshwe . Lokhu kungenziwa ngevalvu yomshini noma ivalvu yezicubu eziphilayo. Kodwa-ke, uma kufakwa ivalvu yomshini, kuzodingeka uthathe imithi yokunciphisa igazi impilo yakho yonke.

Ngezinye izikhathi okunye ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo kungenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo nokuhlinzwa kwe-tricuspid valve. Isibonelo, ukuvala imbobo phakathi kwamakamelo aphezulu enhliziyo (ukulungiswa kwe-ASD) noma ukwelapha ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (ukwelashwa kwe-arrhythmia). Ukwelashwa kokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile kufaka phakathi i-catheter ablation noma ukufaka i-pacemaker.

Akuvamile kakhulu, ukufakelwa inhliziyo kungadingeka uma zonke ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingaphumeleli.

Ingabe i-Ebstein's Anomaly ingavinjelwa?

Ngenxa yokuthi odokotela abazi kahle ukuthi lesi simo senzeka kanjani, okwamanje ayikho indlela yokusivimbela .

Impilo izoqhubeka kanjani nalesi simo? (I-Outlook)

Umbono wabantu abane-Ebstein's Anomaly uyahlukahluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu.Ezinye izingane azisindi kulesi simo. Kodwa-ke, ezinye ziphila isikhathi eside, impilo evamile ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Ngokuvamile, isimo sengqondo singcono kulabo abanezinhlobo ezincane zalesi simo.

Ngisho nangemva kokuhlinzwa, ezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo zingase ziqhubeke. Izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi isikhathi sokuphila singase sehle kancane ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Ucwaningo olulodwa (olwabheka abantu abahlinzwa phakathi kuka-1972 no-2006) lukhombisile ukuthi eminyakeni engama-20 ngemva kokuhlinzwa, abantu abangama-65% babekade belaliswe esibhedlela ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo okungenani kanye, kanti abangama-76% babesaphila.

Kodwa lokhu kubalulekile: Njengoba kunezindlela zokuhlinzwa ezithuthukisiwe kanye nokunakekelwa kokulandelela okutholakalayo namuhla, imiphumela yalabo abahlinzwa namuhla cishe izoba ngcono kakhulu.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma une-Ebstein's Anomaly, kufanele utshele udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu noma uma uthola izimpawu ezintsha . Qaphela lezi zinto:

• Uma isikhumba siba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kakhulu.
• Uma uzizwa sengathi umzimba wakho uphelelwa amandla.
• Uma uzizwa sengathi umzimba wakho ugcwele amanzi (ukuvuvukala).
• Uma ukushaya kwenhliziyo kushesha.

Umyalezo obaluleke kakhulu okufanele uwuthathe uye nawo ekhaya

I-Ebstein's Anomaly iyisifo senhliziyo esingavamile, esizalwa naso. Imiphumela yalesi simo iyahlukahluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu. Uma sitholakale sisesebancane, lesi simo sivame ukuba sincane. Labo abasinda baze babe ngabantu abadala bavame ukuba nesimo esingesihle salesi simo. Kodwa-ke, bangaba nezinkinga ezifana nokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (i-arrhythmia) kanye nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kungadingeka ukuhlinzwa ukuze kulungiswe noma kushintshwe i-valve ye-tricuspid, kanye nokwelapha ezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo ezihlobene.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uhlolwe njalo ukuze uthole noma yiziphi izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwenhliziyo yakho bese uthola ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo ngokushesha okukhulu uma kudingeka. Ungakhathazeki, odokotela bakhona ukukusiza.

I- Ebstein's Anomaly, Isifo Senhliziyo, I-Tricuspid Valve, Amaphutha Enhliziyo Azalwa Nawo, Ukwehluleka Kwenhliziyo, Ukuhlinzwa Kwenhliziyo, Izimpawu