Ingabe umthambo wegazi emzimbeni wakho ungavaleka ngokuzumayo? Ake sixoxe nge-Embolism!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi kuzokwenzekani uma umthambo wegazi emzimbeni wethu uvalwa yinto ethile ngokuzumayo? Mhlawumbe lokho akukaze kwenzeke kuwe. Kodwa, lokhu kuyinto sonke okudingeka siyazi. Ngoba, umthambo wegazi uvalwa kanje, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi (i-Embolism), ngezinye izikhathi singaba yingozi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ingabe kufanele sixoxe ngalokhu ngemininingwane eyengeziwe futhi namuhla?

Kuyini i-embolism? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, i-embolism yilapho omunye wemithambo yakho yegazi, noma indawo lapho igazi ligeleza khona, uvinjelwa okuthile. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kuvinjelwa kubangelwa ukugoba kwegazi okwakheke kwenye indawo. Kodwa-ke, akuzona nje ukugoba kwegazi, kodwa nezinye izinto ezingahamba zisuka endaweni eyodwa emzimbeni ziye kwenye futhi zivimbele umthambo wegazi onje.

Cabanga ngakho njengodaka olubhajwe epayipini lamanzi. Eminye imithambo yegazi, ngenxa yobukhulu bayo nesimo sayo, inamathuba amaningi okuvaleka kuneminye. Lokhu kungenzeka ikakhulukazi lapho umthambo wegazi omkhulu uhlukana ube mncane, noma lapho umthambo wegazi unciphile ngenxa yamafutha amaningi (i-atherosclerosis).

Lezi zimbobo zingavela noma kuphi emzimbeni wakho, okuhlanganisa ubuchopho bakho, amaphaphu, izinso, kanye ne-spleen. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-embolism luseziphashini. Lapho kwakheka ihlule legazi emithanjeni yemilenze yakho bese liya emaphashini akho, libizwa ngokuthi i-pulmonary embolism, noma i-PE .

Yiziphi izindlela ezahlukene i-embolism engenzeka ngazo?

I-embolism ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lwento ebhajwa emthanjeni wegazi. Bheka:

• I-Thromboembolism: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-blood clot . Lubangelwa i-blood clot eyakheka kwenye indawo emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi emithanjeni ejulile yemilenze (Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT).
• Ukuxhuzula kwezicubu: Into efana nengxenye yeseli lomdlavuza.
• Ukuvaleka kwamafutha: Amafutha anganqwabelana egazini ngesikhathi sokuphuka okukhulu kwethambo.
• I-Septic embolism: Ihlule legazi elihlotshaniswa nokutheleleka.
• I-Air embolism: Isibonelo, ingabangelwa yigesi ye-nitrogen ngesikhathi sokuntywila.
• Ukuminyana koketshezi lwe-amniotic: Lokhu kuhlotshaniswa nokubeletha futhi akuvamile kakhulu.

Kulezi, i-Venous Thromboembolism , okuyi-blood clot eyakheka emithanjeni bese iyivimba, ivame kakhulu kune-arterial clot. Eqinisweni, ezweni elifana neMelika, kubikwa ukuthi abantu ababalelwa ku-900,000 ngonyaka bahlushwa yilesi simo. Futhi, i-Pulmonary Embolism iyimbangela yesithathu ehamba phambili yokufa okuhlobene nenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi emhlabeni. (Izinombolo zokuqala nezesibili yi-Stroke kanye ne-Heart Attack).

Ziyini izimpawu ze-embolism?

Uma kwakheka i-embolism emthanjeni wakho, ivimba ukugeleza kwegazi. Uyazi, igazi lithwala umoya-mpilo odingwa yiwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni wethu. Ngakho-ke, uma igazi lingakwazi ukudlula, umoya-mpilo awukwazi ukudlula. Lokhu kuntuleka komoya-mpilo kubangela isimo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-infarct," esonakalisa isitho esidinga lowo moya-mpilo. Lokhu kungabangela ubuhlungu. Ngezinye izikhathi, lokhu kuntuleka komoya-mpilo kungaba yingozi.

Cabanga ngehlule legazi (i-thrombus) elakheka emthanjeni ojulile emlenzeni wakho, bese izingcezu zalo ezincane ziphuka bese zihamba negazi liye ohlangothini lwesokudla lwenhliziyo yakho. Ukusuka lapho, igazi liphonswa emaphashini. Lawa mahlule egazi amancane (i-pulmonary emboli) anamathela emithanjeni yegazi emincane emaphashini, okubangela ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu. Akuvamile kakhulu, amakhulu (i-pulmonary emboli) angavimba ngokuphelele ukugeleza kwegazi okuvamile kusuka ohlangothini lwesokudla lwenhliziyo kuya emaphashini.

Izimpawu ze-embolism ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo nendawo ye-embolism. Abanye abantu bangase bangabi nazo nhlobo izimpawu. Nazi ezinye zezimpawu:

• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Amazinga aphansi e-oxygen egazini (i-Hypoxemia)
• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo kodwa okungajulile (i-Tachypnea)
• Ubuthakathaka, ukukhathala
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Amabala abomvu esikhumbeni (i-Petechiae)
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Inhliziyo esheshayo (i-Tachycardia)
• Imfiva
• Ukuvuvukala engalweni noma emlenzeni
• Ukuquleka
• I-Vertigo
• Ukuhlanza kanye nesicanucanu
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi (i-Hypotension)

Iyini imbangela eyinhloko ye-embolism?

Ngokuvamile, i-pulmonary embolism yenzeka emaphashini. Imbangela eyinhloko yalokhu ukuqhekeka kwegazi emithanjeni yemilenze (i-Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT) . Ngezinye izikhathi, i-pulmonary embolism ingenzeka ngenxa ye-DVT emithanjeni ejulile yezingalo.

Kunezinye izizathu ezenza kube ne-embolism:

• Ukutheleleka kolwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwenhliziyo (i-infective endocarditis)
• I-fibrillation ye-atrial (ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile)
• I-thrombus ye-ventricular yesobunxele
• Ithambo eliphukile engozini enkulu
• Umdlavuza
• Izifo ezahlukahlukene
• I-Pancreatitis
• Ukususwa kwe-liposuction
• Ukufakelwa umnkantsha wethambo
• Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa
• I-Placenta accreta (ukunamathela okujulile kwe-placenta odongeni lwesibeletho)

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lokhu (embolism)?

Kunezici eziningana ezivamile ezibangela ukuqhekeka kwegazi (i-embolism). Bheka ukuthi noma yikuphi kwalokhu kusebenza kuwe:

• Ukungawuvivinyi umzimba: Ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
• Ukuhlinzwa kanye nokwelashwa okuthile: Ngemva kokuhlinzwa okukhulu.
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• Isifo sohlangothi
• Umdlavuza
• Ukulimala ngokomzimba (Ukuhlukumezeka)
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (i-Hypertension)
• Ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo kagwayi (ukubhema)
• Ukusetshenziswa kwamaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo
• Izimo ezibangela ukuthi igazi lijiye kalula
• Amanye amadivayisi ezokwelapha, njenge -pacemaker

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa ye-embolism?

Izinkinga ze-embolism ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi zenzeka kuphi. Kungaba yingozi kakhulu. Nazi ezinye zezinkinga:

• Ukungasebenzi kahle kobuchopho, njengokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo
• Ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo (i-Arrhythmia)
• Ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo
• Isifo senhliziyo
• Ukuvuvukala kobuchopho
• Ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu
• I-Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
• Ukulahlekelwa yingalo noma umlenze
• Ithumba le-splenic
• Ukufa kwezicubu ezinso, espleen, noma kwesinye isitho esithintekile
• Ukubuyela kwe-valve ye-tricuspid (ukubuyela emuva kwegazi nge-valve yenhliziyo)
• Ukwehluleka kwezinso
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• Isifo sohlangothi
• Ngisho nokulahlekelwa yimpilo kungenzeka.

Lokho kusho ukuthi, lokhu akuyona into okufanele ithathwe kalula. Nakuba kungase kubonakale kuyinto encane, uma kungelashwa ngesikhathi, kungaholela ezinkingeni ezisongela ukuphila.

Udokotela ukuxilonga kanjani ngokunembile lokhu (i-embolism)?

Uma unezimpawu ze-embolism, udokotela uzokuhlola kuqala. Udokotela angase aqaphele izinto ezifana nokushintsha kwesikhumba noma ubunzima bokuphefumula. Uma kusolwa ukuthi i-embolism ibangelwa yi-embolism, angase enze izivivinyo ezithile.

Kuye ngohlobo lwe-embolism, kungenziwa izivivinyo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• I-X-ray yesifuba
• I-Doppler ultrasound - ukuhlola ukuhamba kwegazi emithanjeni yegazi.
• I-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram - EKG) - Ihlola ukusebenza kwenhliziyo.
• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography - i-CT scan)
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-MRA(I-Magnetic Resonance Angiogram - MRA)
• I-MRI (Umfanekiso Wokuqabulana Kwamagnetic)
• I-Angiogram - I-X-ray yemithambo yegazi ngemva kokujova idayi.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound kwenhliziyo: (i-Transthoracic echocardiogram - TTE) kanye (i-Transesophageal echocardiogram - TEE)
• Ngezinye izikhathi kwenziwa i-biopsy ukuze kuhlolwe ingxenye yezicubu.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-embolism?

Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa kwe-embolism ukususa ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi nokubuyisela ukugeleza kwegazi. Ezimweni eziningi, ukukhetha kokuqala ukwelapha ngemithi.

Nazi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha i-embolism:

• Ama-Anticoagulant : Sithi lawa "aqinisa" igazi.
• I-Thrombolytics : Lokhu kuncibilikisa ngqo ihlule legazi bese kulisusa.
• Ama-antibiotic e-Embolism
• Imithi ekhulisa ukusebenza kwenhliziyo (i-Inotropes)
• Ukwelashwa nge-oxygen noma ukwelashwa nge-hyperbaric oxygen
• I-Embolectomy (ukususwa kwe-embolism ngokuhlinzwa)

Ezimweni ezibucayi kakhulu, abantu abane-embolism bangadinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe okusekela impilo, njenge -CPR , i-ECMO (umshini osebenza esikhundleni senhliziyo namaphaphu), ngisho nemishini yokubasiza ukuba baphefumule.

Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?

Yebo, ngeshwa kungaba nemiphumela emibi. Kukhona ingozi yokopha, ikakhulukazi ngemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-anticoagulants kanye nama-thrombolytics. Uma ihlule legazi lisuswa ngokuhlinzwa (i-embolectomy), kungaba nezingozi ezifana nalezi:

• Ukulimala emthanjeni wegazi
• Ukopha
• Isilinganiso senhliziyo esihamba kancane (i-Bradycardia)
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi (i-Hypotension)
• Ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo

Kwenzekani uma kwenzeka i-embolism?

Abanye abantu abane-embolism bangase bangabi nazimpawu nhlobo, kanti abanye bangase babe nezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu. Indlela ophathwa ngayo izoncika ezintweni eziningana, okuhlanganisa ubukhulu nobunzima be-embolism, nokuthi yaqala kuphi.

I-Embolism iyisimo esisongela ukuphila, ngakho-ke ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okusheshayo kungandisa amathuba akho okululama.

Yini esingayenza ukuze sivimbele i-embolism?

Yebo, singavimbela ezinye izinhlobo ze-embolism. Uma usengozini ye-embolism, udokotela wakho angase akuncome okulandelayo:

• Uma uhamba amabanga amade (njengokuhamba ngendiza noma ngebhasi), vuka njalo emahoreni ambalwa bese uphakamisa futhi wehlisa amaqakala akho kancane (ama-calf pumps).Lokhu kungasiza ukugcina ukujikeleza kwegazi okuhle emilenzeni.
• Imithi yokunciphisa igazi (ama-anticoagulants) .
• Ukusebenzisa amasokisi akhethekile okucindezela.
• Idivayisi ecindezela imilenze (Idivayisi Yokucindezela Okucindezelayo Kwe-Pneumatic Intermittent - idivayisi ye-IPC) .
• Kwabanye abantu, isihlungi singafakwa emthanjeni oyinhloko othwala igazi lisuka emzimbeni ongezansi liye enhliziyweni (isihlungi se-vena cava esingaphansi) . Lokhu kuvimbela amahlule egazi ukuthi angahambi aye enhliziyweni nasemaphashini.

Ngingazinakekela kanjani uma ngiba ne-embolism?

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-embolism, ungase udinge ukulungiswa ukuze ululame. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuhlinzwa kwe-embolism kungenzeka kube nezindawo ezonakele njengobuchopho bakho noma amaphaphu. Lo monakalo uvela ngoba ukuhlinzwa kwe-embolism kuvimbele umoya-mpilo kuleso sitho noma indawo.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma unezimpawu ze-embolism, kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ungalibali.

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-embolism, kuzodingeka uqhubeke ubonana nodokotela wakho futhi ulandele imiyalelo yakhe. Ikakhulukazi uma uthatha imithi efana nemithi yokuvimbela ukuphuma kwegazi, udokotela wakho uzohlola ukuthi uyithatha kahle yini nokuthi ingozi yakho yokopha isishintshile yini.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Ungabuza udokotela wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Kungani ngithole lokhu (i-embolism)?
• Angakanani amathuba okululama ngokwesimo sami?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kimi?
• Yini okufanele ngiyenze ukuze ngivimbele ukuthi okunye ukuvuvukala okufana nalokhu kungenzeki futhi?

Ngamafuphi (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhathazekile ngesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-embolism, njengoba singasongela impilo. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Uma unezimpawu ze-embolism, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ngemva kokwelashwa, thola ukwesekwa emndenini wakho nakubangane. Uma ukhathazekile noma ukhathazekile ngokuba ne-embolism entsha, khuluma nomeluleki. Awuwedwa, futhi ungesabi ukucela usizo.

I- Embolism, amahlule egazi, ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi, i-pulmonary embolism, i-Pulmonary Embolism, i-DVT, izimpawu, ukwelashwa, ukuvimbela