Ingabe indawo ezungezile ayilungile emzimbeni wakho? Ake sifunde nge-Environmental Allergies!

Uvame ukuthimula? Ingabe unekhala elicijile, umphimbo oklwebhekayo, amehlo abomvu, anamanzi? Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi unekhala eligobhozayo? Uma lezi zinto zenzeka njalo, ungase ube nesinye sezifo zemvelo esizokhuluma ngazo namuhla. Ungakhathazeki, lokhu kuyinto abantu abaningi abanayo. Ake sibheke ukuthi kuyini ngempela lokhu, kungani kwenzeka, ukuthi ungakubona kanjani, nokuthi ungakugwema kanjani.

Yiziphi lezi zinto zokungezwani komzimba nendawo ezikuyo?

Kalula nje, ukungezwani komzimba nendawo okuyo kwenzeka lapho amasosha omzimba wakho esabela ngokweqile ezintweni ezisendaweni okuyo. Ngokuvamile, lezi zinto – esizibiza ngokuthi 'izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba' – azilimazi ngempela. Kodwa uma ungezwani komzimba nento ethile, umzimba wakho usabela kuyo ngendlela ebangela ukungezwani komzimba.

Cabanga nje, unonogada endlini yakho. Ngokuvamile uvikela indlu emaseleni. Kodwa, uma 'unesifo sokungezwani komzimba', lo nogada ngezinye izikhathi ubona isihlobo sakho siza endlini yakho bese ecabanga ukuthi yisela bese ekhathazeka.

Ubani ongaba nalesi simo sokungezwani komzimba?

Noma ubani angaba nalezi zinto zokungezwani komzimba ezingokwemvelo . Kodwa-ke, uma umama wakho nobaba wakho benalezi zinto zokungezwani komzimba, nawe unamathuba amaningi okuba nazo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zingadluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.

Lokhu kuvame kakhulu. Kuthiwa cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingu-24 ezweni elifana neMelika banalesi simo. Kukhona abantu abaningi abane-allergies enjalo eSri Lanka.

Lokhu kungezwani komzimba kuthinta kanjani umzimba?

Uma uqala ukuchayeka ku-allergen, amasosha omzimba wakho akhiqiza uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-antibody olubizwa ngokuthi i-Immunoglobulin E (IgE) . Lawa ma-antibodies e-IgE abopha kumaseli e-mast esikhumbeni sethu, esikhumbeni, endleleni yokugaya ukudla, kanye nendlela yokuphefumula. Lawa maseli e-mast agcina amakhemikhali anjenge -histamine .

Manje, ngesikhathi esilandelayo lapho i-allergen ingena emzimbeni futhi, amaseli e-mast abopha kuleyo 'IgE' ayasebenza futhi akhulule i-histamine namanye amakhemikhali angaphakathi.

I-Histamine yiyo ekunika lezo zimpawu ezisheshayo njengokuthimula, ikhala eligobhozayo, namehlo alumayo. Lezi zimpawu zingavela ngemizuzu embalwa. Amanye amakhemikhali angabangela nokuvuvukala okuqhubekayo.

Ngezinye izikhathi ukusabela kungavela okungahlobene ne-IgE. Okusho ukuthi, umzimba ungasabela kumakhemikhali athile aguquguqukayo (isb., umusi wopende, amakha) njengezakhi eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo (ama-VOC) . Lokhu kufana nokusabela kwe-IgE, kodwa akubandakanyi ama-antibodies e-IgE. Izibonelo zalokhu zifaka uthuli nentuthu.

Ziyini izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezizungezile?

Ukungezwani komzimba kwemvelo kungabangela izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuminyana kwamakhala, umuzwa wokusinda
• Ukuconsa kwangemva kwempumulo
• Ukukhwehlela
• Ubumnyama eduze kwamehlo (izibani ezikhanyisayo)
• Ukukhathala
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ama-Hives
• Impumulo elumayo negobhozayo
• Amehlo abomvu, alumayo, namanzi ( epiphora )
• Ukuthimula
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela

Ngezinye izikhathi, lokhu kungezwani komzimba kungabangela ngisho nokuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya . Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu.

Yini ebangela lokhu kungezwani kwemvelo?

Izinto eziningi endaweni esihlala kuyo zingabangela lokhu kungezwani komzimba. Eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Impova: Lezi yizinhlayiya ezincane ezifana nothuli ezivela ezihlahleni, otshanini, kanye nokhula. Zithwalwa umoya futhi zisetshenziselwa ukupolisha izitshalo. Amazinga empova aphezulu kakhulu ekuseni. Futhi, amazinga empova aphezulu ezinsukwini ezishisayo nezinomoya.
• Isikhunta: Lezi yisikhunta esincane. Izinhlamvu zazo ziyantanta emoyeni. Isikhunta sikhula ezindaweni ezimanzi, ezingenawo umoya owanele (isib., izindlu zangasese, amasinki ekhishi, amagumbi angaphansi). Zingakhula futhi ngaphandle ezindaweni ezifana notshani, utshani kanye notshani. Izinhlamvu zesikhunta zikhula kakhulu ezinsukwini ezishisayo nezinomswakama.
• I-dander yezilwane ezifuywayo namathe: Lezi yizinhlayiya ezincane ('dander') eziphuma esikhumbeni nasebusweni benja yakho noma ikati. Amanye amaprotheni asematheni azo nawo angaba nomphumela wokungezwani komzimba.
• Izibungu zothuli: Lezi yizidalwa ezincane ezihlobene nezicabucabu futhi zincane kakhulu ukuba zingabonwa ngamehlo enyama. Zihlala ezindaweni ezifana nomatrasi, imicamelo, imibhede, amakhaphethi, amasofa, namakhethini. Zidla amangqamuzana esikhumba afile esiwakhipha thina nezilwane zethu ezifuywayo. Azilumi, kodwa indle yazo, umchamo, kanye nezingxenye zomzimba ezifile kungabangela ukungezwani komzimba uma uziphefumula.
• Amaphela: Amaprotheni asendle, amathe, amaqanda, kanye nezingxenye zomzimba ezifile zalezi zinambuzane nawo angabangela ukungezwani komzimba kwabanye abantu.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, izinto ezibangela ukusabela okungewona okwe-IgE yilezi:

• Intuthu: Noma yimuphi umusi, njengomusi kagwayi, umusi wemoto, umusi wesitofu sokhuni, kanye nomusi wempepho, awumnandi kwabanye abantu.
• Uthuli: Uthuli oluvamile lwasekhaya luqukethe izinto eziningi, okuhlanganisa amangqamuzana esikhumba afile, izinwele, impova, izinhlayiya zendwangu, izibungu zothuli, izinhlayiya zezinambuzane, kanye nomhlabathi.

Ingabe ukungezwani kwemvelo kuyathelelana?

Cha. Lokhu kungezwani komzimba akuthelelani. Awukwazi ukunika omunye umuntu ukungezwani komzimba onakho.

Uyihlola kanjani le nto yokungezwani komzimba?

Uma unalezi zimpawu njalo, bheka udokotela wezifo ezibangelwa ukungezwani komzimba.Into engcono kakhulu ukuhlangana. Uzokubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ingabe ukhona emndenini wakho onesifo sokungezwani komzimba esinjengalesi?
• Wake watholakala une-allergies?
• Ziyini izimpawu zakho?
• Uyayithatha yini imithi yalezi zimpawu (isib. amaphilisi avela ekhemisi)?
• Zivame nini lezi zimpawu?
• Zikhona yini izilwane ekhaya?
• Uzigeza kangaki izinto ezifana namakhaphethi nge-vacuum cleaner? Ingabe uyawasha izingubo zakho zokulala?

Ngemva kwalokho, udokotela angenza izivivinyo ezithile.

Hlobo luni lokuhlolwa okwenziwayo?

• Ukuhlolwa kokuhlatshwa kwesikhumba: Lokhu kuhilela ukubeka inani elincane le-allergen okusolwayo esikhumbeni sengalo noma umhlane wakho bese uyihlaba ngenaliti encane. Ngeke kube khona ukopha, kumane kube nomuzwa wokukitaza kancane. Ngemva kwemizuzu engaba ngu-15, uma une-allergy kokuthile, indawo izophenduka ibe bomvu bese kuvela i-wheal encane, efana nokulunywa umiyane. Lokhu kuzokutshela ukuthi une-allergy kukuphi. Lokhu kungenziwa ngaphansi kwehora.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi (IgE): Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha inani elincane legazi lakho, ukufaka izinto ezihlukahlukene zokungezwani komzimba kulo elebhu, nokuhlola amazinga akho e-IgE. Imiphumela ingathatha isonto lonke ukubuya. Ngezinye izikhathi kunethuba elincane lemiphumela engalungile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungase ube nomzimba wokungezwani komzimba nento ongeyona ngempela i-allergy kuyo.

Uziqeda kanjani lezi zinto zokungezwani komzimba? Noma uzilawule?

Eqinisweni, lokhu kungezwani komzimba nezinto ezizungezile akukwazi ukwelapheka ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu zingalawulwa futhi zincishiswe. Ngenxa yalokhu , kusetshenziswa kakhulu ama-antihistamine .

Ingabe ama-antihistamine anemiphumela emibi?

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-antihistamine:

1. Ama-antihistamine esizukulwane sokuqala: Izibonelo: `Diphenhydramine (Benadryl®)`, `Clemastine (Dayhist®)`, `Hydroxyzine (Atarax®)`.

• Lokhu kungabangela ukozela , umlomo owomile, isiyezi, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukukhwehlela, isicanucanu kanye nokuhlanza.

2. Ama-antihistamine esizukulwane sesibili: Izibonelo: `Fexofenadine (Allegra®)`, `Cetirizine (Zyrtec®)`, `Loratadine (Claritin®)`.

• Lokhu kunemiphumela emibi embalwa, ikakhulukazi ukozela okuncane. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase babe nokuqubuka kwesikhumba, ukulunywa, amaqhubu, kanye nokuvuvukala kobuso (i-angioedema).

Ezinye izifundo zibike ukuthi abantu abasebenzisa imithi efana ne-'Cetirizine' kanye ne-'Hydroxyzine' bangase babe nokukhathazeka okukhulu kanye nokucindezeleka. Kodwa-ke, kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ngalokhu.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuzizwa ungcono ngemva kokusebenzisa umuthi?

I-antihistamine ivame ukuqala ukusebenza zingakapheli imizuzu engama-30 uyithathile, futhi isebenza kahle kakhulu emahoreni ambalwa okuqala.

Ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela wakho angakutshela ukuthi uthathe i-antihistamine nsuku zonke, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuthi kuvele izimpawu.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma une-allergies yemvelo?

Nakuba lokhu kungelapheki ngokuphelele, izimpawu zingalawulwa kahle ngokuhlala kude kakhulu nezinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba kanye nokuthatha imithi njengoba kunqunywe udokotela .

Ungazivikela kanjani kulezi zinto zokungezwani komzimba?

Izifutho zamakhala, njenge- Fluticasone nasal spray (Flonase®), zibhekwa njengezisebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvimbeleni izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba eziphakathi kuya kwezinzima (ukuminyana kwamakhala, impumulo egobhozayo, umfutho we-sinus). Zinciphisa ukuvuvukala ekhaleni. Ungasebenzisa lezi zifutho nsuku zonke. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase babe namakhala agubhayo. Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-65 kufanele bakhulume nodokotela ngaphambi kokuzisebenzisa, njengoba ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kungandisa umfutho emehlweni (i-glaucoma).

Uma une-allergies encane, ukuthatha i-antihistamine yesizukulwane sesibili nsuku zonke kungaba yindlela engcono kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba ngokwenza lezi zinto:

Ekhaya:

• Gcina amafasitela evaliwe bese usebenzisa i-air conditioner (AC) uma kungenzeka. Uma amafasitela evuliwe, impova izongena endlini. Ungabeki ifeni eduze kwefasitela, ngoba lokhu kungaletha uthuli kanye nempova ngaphakathi.
• Hlunga umoya ongaphakathi kwekhaya lakho. Ungayihlunga impova ngokubeka into efana ne-cheesecloth phezu kwemigodi yomoya. Uma unesihlungi se-HEPA , kuwumqondo omuhle ukusisebenzisa naso. Shintsha isihlungi njalo.
• Nciphisa umswakama ekhaya lakho. Ukugcina umswakama ungaphansi kuka-50% kuzonciphisa ukukhula kwesikhunta kanye nokutheleleka yizibungu zothuli.
• Gwema izindawo lapho isikhunta singakhula khona. Izindawo ezifana nezindlu zangaphansi, amagalaji, nezindawo ezinamahlamvu. Hlanza lezi zindawo njalo uma kungenzeka.
• Geza futhi uhlanze izilwane ezifuywayo njalo. Ungazifaki ekamelweni lokulala, embhedeni, noma kusofa.
• Zivikele ezibungwini zothuli. Beka izembozo ze-microfiber emicamelweni nasemamatileni. Geza imibhede kanye ngesonto emanzini ashisayo (cishe ama-degree Celsius angu-54). Gwema imicamelo egcwele izinsiba kanye nefenisha enendwangu eningi. Ifenisha efana nesikhumba ne-vinyl zinhle ngoba kunzima ukuthi izibungwini zothuli zingene.
• Hlanza amakhaphethi nama-rug njalo. Okungenani kabili ngesonto. Gqoka imaski uma uhlanza. Uma kungenzeka, shintsha amakhaphethi ngamathayili, ukhuni, noma i-linoleum. Uma unawo amakhaphethi, hlanza futhi uwageze njalo.
• Ungabhemi endlini. Sebenzisa izinto ezifana nogwayi nezinti zempepho ngaphandle.

Ngaphandle:

• Gcina amafasitela evaliwe uma ushayela. Vula i-AC bese ugcina umoya ujikeleza .
• Hlola inani lempova ngaphambi kokuya ngaphandle.Uma kungenzeka, hlala endlini ngezinsuku ezishisayo, ezomile nezinomoya. Nciphisa ukuchayeka kwakho kumpova phakathi kuka-5:00 ekuseni no-10:00 ekuseni, lapho inani lempova liphezulu khona.
• Gqoka imaski. Gqoka imaski uma usika ingadi, ukhipha amaqabunga, noma usebenza ngezinto ezifana notshani kanye nomquba.
• Geza uma ubuya ngaphandle. Geza izinwele zakho bese ushintsha izingubo zakho. Lokhu kuzosusa impova emzimbeni wakho nasezingutsheni.
• Sebenzisa umshini wokomisa lapho womisa izingubo. Ungazilengi izingubo ngaphandle. Lokhu kungabamba impova kanye nesikhunta ezingutsheni.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma unezimpawu zokungezwani komzimba njalo, ikakhulukazi uma zithinta impilo yakho yansuku zonke, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

• Ubona kanjani ngempela ukuthi nginokungezwani komzimba nendawo ezungezile?
• Yiziphi izinto engingezwani nazo?
• Uncoma luphi uhlobo lomuthi wokungezwani komzimba?
• Iyini imiphumela emibi yaleyo mithi?
• Ingabe ngidinga ukuthatha umuthi nsuku zonke, noma kuphela uma kuvela izimpawu?
• Ngingaphuma yini?
• Zikhona yini izitshalo ezingafanele ukuba nazo engadini yami noma ngaphakathi endlini yami?
• Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi nginezimpawu zokungezwani komzimba, noma izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane?

Uyini umehluko phakathi kokungezwani nendawo okukuyo kanye nokungezwani nokudla?

Ukungezwani komzimba nendawo okuyo kuyindlela amasosha omzimba wakho asabela ngayo ezintweni ezikuyo.

Ukungezwani nokudla kuwukusabela kwamasosha omzimba kumaprotheni ekudleni okuthile. Ukungezwani nokudla okuvamile kuhlanganisa ubisi, amaqanda, namakinati.

Ukungezwani komzimba kwemvelo kwenzeka lapho amasosha omzimba wakho esabela ngokweqile ngento ethile esendaweni okuyo. Lokhu kusabela kungabangela izimpawu ezifana nekhala elicijile, amehlo anamanzi, impumulo egobhozayo, kanye nokukhathala. Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, bona udokotela. Angenza izivivinyo ukuze athole ukuthi yini ekwenza ungezwani komzimba. Bangakunikeza nemithi yokusiza ukuvimbela izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba.

Isifinyezo (Umyalezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya)

Kulungile, manje usuqonda kangcono ukungezwani kwemvelo esikhulume ngakho namuhla. Khumbula, lokhu kuyinto abantu abaningi abanayo, ngakho akukho lutho okufanele babe namahloni noma besabe ngalo.

• Into eyinhloko ukuthola ukuthi yini ngempela ekwenza ungezwani nomzimba. Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngalokho.
• Zama ukugwema izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba ngangokunokwenzeka. Gcina ikhaya lakho lihlanzekile futhi uqaphele uma uphuma.
• Sebenzisa umuthi onikezwe udokotela ngqo.
• Ungazinaki izimpawu. Uma zithinta impilo yakho, funa ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Uma ulandela lezi zinyathelo, ungaphila impilo ekhululekile, ngisho noma unezinkinga zokungezwani komzimba nendawo ezungezile. Uma uneminye imibuzo, ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela.

Ukungezwani komzimba nendawo , ukungezwani komzimba, ukuthimula, ukuminyana kwamakhala, isikhumba esilumayo, impova, izibungu zothuli, ama-antihistamine