Ingabe ungumama ozayo? Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa igama elithi 'ukusika' uma kukhulunywa ngokubeletha. Kuvamile ukuthi omama abaningi bazizwe besaba futhi besaba kancane uma bezwa la mazwi. Kuyini ngempela lokhu kusika? Kwezokwelapha, sikubiza ngokuthi i-episiotomy. Ingabe lokhu kuyinto eyenziwa yiwo wonke umuntu? Kungani kwenziwa? Namuhla, sizophendula yonke imibuzo yakho ngalokhu kulesi sihloko.
Kuyini i-episiotomy?
Kalula nje, i-episiotomy iwukusika okuncane okwenziwa udokotela wakho endaweni yesikhumba nemisipha phakathi kwesitho sakho sangasese sowesifazane kanye ne-anus (ebizwa ngokuthi i-perineum) ukuze enze indlela yokuthi ingane yakho iphume kalula ngesikhathi sokubeletha.
Ngezinye izikhathi, lapho umntwana ephuma, le ndawo ingadabula kancane yodwa ngaphandle kokusikwa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukudabuka kwe-perineal. Esikhathini esidlule, kwakubhekwa njengokujwayelekile ukwenza i-episiotomy ngesikhathi sokubeletha, kodwa namuhla, odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi kungcono ukuyidedela ngokwemvelo ngaphandle uma kudingeka ngempela .
Ngakho-ke, kungani kusadingeka ukuthi kwenziwe i-episiotomy?
Nakuba lokhu kungeyona into evame ukwenziwa manje, kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile, udokotela kufanele enze lokhu kusikwa ukuze kuphephe umama nomntwana. Cabanga ngakho, kufana nokumisa imoto ngokuzumayo ukuze ugweme ingozi ngenkathi ushayela emgwaqweni. Lezi yizimo ezibaluleke kakhulu:
- Uma ingane izwa ukungakhululeki okuthile (ukucindezeleka kombungu) futhi udinga ukukhipha umntwana ngokushesha okukhulu.
- Uma umama ekhathele kakhulu ngemva kokuzwa izinhlungu zokubeletha isikhathi eside futhi engenamandla okuqhubekela phambili.
- Uma kufanele usebenzise ama-forceps noma amadivayisi okuhlanza ukuze ususe umntwana, isitho sangasese sowesifazane sidinga ukuba sikhulu kancane ukuze kuvunyelwe ukufakwa lawa madivayisi.
- Uma umntwana esesimweni esingavamile, isibonelo, uma ephethe isisu noma uma amahlombe omntwana enamathele (i-shoulder dystocia).
- Uma usayizi womntwana mkhulu kunowesilinganiso.
- Uma umama ecindezela isikhathi eside kodwa ingane ingaphumi.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi udokotela uzothatha lesi sinqumo kuphela uma enomuzwa wokuthi ayikho enye indlela futhi iyadingeka ngempela ekuphepheni kukamama nomntwana.
Lokhu kusikwa kwenziwa kanjani futhi yiziphi izinhlobo zokusikwa?
Ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu uma une-epidural. Uma usuvele une-epidural, ngeke udinge noma yimiphi imithi yobuhlungu ngaphansi kwesinqe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, udokotela uzofaka umuthi wokubulala izinzwa wendawo lapho kuzokwenziwa khona ukusikwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, njengoba ikhanda lomntwana liqala ukuphuma esithweni sangasese sowesifazane (ukuqholwa), ukusikwa kwenziwa ngesikele esikhethekile (isikele se-episiotomy). Ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana, indawo iyalungiswa ngezithungo ezincibilikayo.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokusikwa.
| Uhlobo lokusika | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukusikwa okuphakathi (phakathi) | Lokhu ukunqunywa okuqondile, okuqondile kusuka esithweni sangasese sowesifazane kuya endunu. Kulula ukukwenza futhi kunobuhlungu obuncane ngenkathi kuphola. Kodwa-ke, kunengozi enkulu kancane yokudabula indunu. |
| Ukusikwa kwe-Mediolateral | Lokhu ukusikwa okwenziwe nge-engeli engama-degree angu-45 ukusuka esithweni sangasese sowesifazane kuya ohlangothini. Ingozi encane yokulimala endunu. Kodwa-ke, kunzima kancane ukuthunga, kopha kakhulu, futhi kubuhlungu kancane ngesikhathi senqubo yokuphulukiswa. |
Amadigri Okunyembeza
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukudabuka kwemvelo noma i-episiotomy, ihlukaniswe ngamadigri ama-4 kuye ngokuthi ibukhali kangakanani.
- Izinga lokuqala: Ukudabuka okuncane kwesikhumba esingaphezu kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane kuphela.
- Izinga lesibili: Ukudabuka okudlulela esikhumbeni sesitho sangasese sowesifazane kanye nezicubu ezingaphansi. Iningi lezinsika ze-episiotomy liwela kulesi sigaba.
- Izinga lesithathu: Ukudabuka kwezicubu zesitho sangasese sowesifazane kanye nemisipha ezungeze i-anus (i-sphincter yendunu).
- Izinga lesine: Izinga elinzima kakhulu neliyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, lapho ukudabuka kudlulela khona e-rectum.
Yini ongayenza ekhaya ukuze usize ukusikeka kuphole ngokushesha?
Amaviki ambalwa okuqala ngemva kokusikwa kungaba buhlungu. Kodwa ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ungaphola ngokushesha. Ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe inyanga ukuphola ngokuphelele. Lezi zinto zizokusiza kakhulu.
| Indlela | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukufaka iphakethe leqhwa | Beka iphakethe leqhwa eligoqwe ngendwangu ehlanzekile endaweni lapho kwafakwa khona izithungo cishe imizuzu eyi-10-15. Lokhu kuzonciphisa kakhulu ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu. |
| I-Sitz Bath | Gcwalisa indishi encane (i-sitz bath) noma indishi enkulu ngamanzi afudumele bese uhlala kuyo cishe imizuzu eyi-15. Yenza lokhu kabili noma kathathu ngosuku ukuze ugcine inxeba lihlanzekile, uthuthukise ukujikeleza kwegazi, futhi uphole ngokushesha. |
| Ibhodlela le-Peri | Gcwalisa leli bhodlela elinikezwa yisibhedlela ngamanzi afudumele bese ugeza indawo ngemva kokuchama nokusebenzisa indlu yangasese. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ukuvuvukala futhi kusize ekugcineni inxeba lihlanzekile. |
| Ama-Painkiller | Phuza imithi yokubulala izinhlungu (isib. i-Paracetamol) enconywe udokotela wakho ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe. Tshela udokotela wakho uma uzwa ubuhlungu obungabekezeleleki. |
| Umcamelo weDonut | Ukuze unciphise ubuhlungu ngenkathi uhleli, sebenzisa umcamelo omise okwedonathi. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ingcindezi endaweni yomthungo. |
Kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha nini?
Nakisisa umzimba wakho ngesikhathi ululama. Uma unezinye zezimpawu ezilandelayo, shayela udokotela wakho noma uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngaphandle kokulibala .
- Uma ubuhlungu buqhubeka buba bubi kunokuba bunciphe usuku nosuku.
- Uma kukhona uketshezi olunuka kabi noma ubomvu obuphuma endaweni yomthungo.
- Uma indawo ezungeze inxeba ibomvu, ivuvukele, futhi izwakala ishisa uma uyithinta .
- Uma kukhona ukuphuma kwegazi okuvela emithungweni.
- Uma unomkhuhlane, ukubanda, noma ubuhlungu bomzimba .
Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokutheleleka, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukufuna ukwelashwa ngokushesha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuhlinzwa kwe-episiotomy akuyona into eyenziwa kuzo zonke izinsuku zokubeletha. Kwenziwa kuphela uma kudingeka ngempela ukuze kuphephe umama nengane.
- Imithi yesimanje iyaqaphela ukuthi ezimweni eziningi, ukuvumela ukudabuka kuphole ngokwemvelo kuphephile.
- Uma unenkinga noma ukungabaza ngalokhu, khuluma ngakho ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwakho.
- Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usikekile noma udabuke ngokwemvelo, ukunakekela inxeba ngendlela efanele kubalulekile ukuze ululame ngokushesha. Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela.
- Uma kuvela izimpawu ezingavamile ngesikhathi sokululama kwakho, ungesabi ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
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