Amehlo akho anombala onjani? (Umbala Wamehlo) Kungani uthole lowo mbala? Ake sithole!

Wake wabuka amehlo akho esibukweni? Cishe uke waphawula ukuthi abangani bakho namalungu omndeni wakho banamehlo anemibala ehlukene. Abanye banamehlo ansundu omnyama, abanye banamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi mhlawumbe abanye banamehlo aluhlaza. Lawa mehlo athola kanjani umbala wawo ngempela? Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalo mbala wamehlo omangalisayo.

Amehlo athola kanjani umbala wawo?

Kalula nje, umbala wamehlo akho unqunywa yi -iris, ingxenye yeso ezungeze umfundi omnyama phakathi neso lakho. Njengelensi yekhamera, le iris ilawula ukuthi kungakanani ukukhanya okungena esweni.

Manje, isizathu esiyinhloko esenza ukuthi leli qembu lezinkanyezi lithole umbala walo yi-pigment ebizwa ngokuthi i-'Melanin' . Isikhumba sakho sithola nombala waso ngenxa yale melanin. Uma kune-melanin eningi esikhumbeni, isikhumba siba mnyama, futhi uma kune-melanin encane, isikhumba siba mhlophe. Kunjalo nangamehlo.

Wonke umuntu une-melanin engxenyeni engemuva ye-retina emehlweni akhe. Kodwa-ke, abantu abanezimo ezithile, njenge -albinism, bangase babe ne-melanin encane emehlweni abo.

Ngakho-ke, uma une-melanin eningi kuzo zombili izingqimba zangaphambili nangemuva ze-iris yakho, unamehlo ansundu . Ochwepheshe ngezinye izikhathi babiza igama elithi `iris` ngokuthi ubuningi be-`irids`. Abantu abanamehlo aluhlaza noma aluhlaza bane-melanin encane ongqimbeni olungaphambili lwe-iris yabo kunabantu abanamehlo ansundu. Abantu abane-melanin encane kakhulu noma abangenayo nhlobo ongqimbeni olungaphambili lwe-iris yabo banamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ampunga .

Yimiphi imibala ehlukene yala mehlo?

Eqinisweni, akukho ukuvumelana phakathi kochwepheshe mayelana nemibala yamehlo eyinhloko abantu abangaba nayo. Imibala ekhona kwezinye izinhlobo ingase ingabi khona kwezinye. Kodwa-ke, kuneminye imibala yamehlo eyinhloko eyamukelwa ngokuvamile ngabantu abaningi:

• Amehlo ampunga
• Amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• Amehlo aluhlaza
• Amehlo e-Hazel - Lokhu kungaba inhlanganisela eluhlaza, igolide, noma onsundu.
• Amehlo anombala ophuzi - Lona umbala ophuzi wegolide.
• Amehlo ansundu - Lokhu kusuka kunsundu okhanyayo kuya kunsundu omnyama, cishe omnyama.

Cabanga nje, noma ngabe kukhona le mibala eyisisekelo, indlela leyo mibala ebonakala ngayo emehlweni ethu iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Abekho abantu ababili abanombala wamehlo ofanayo. Ngisho namawele afanayo angaba nomehluko omncane embala wamehlo.

Kungani le mibala yamehlo ihluke kangaka?

Kunezici eziningana ezithinta lokhu:

• Isakhiwo se-Iris:Kungase kube namabala amancane, ajulile noma imigodi engxenyeni engaphambili ye-cornea yakho. Lokhu kungenza ezinye izindawo zibonakale zimnyama kunezinye, njengamabala esikhumbeni sakho.
• Ukungaboni imibala emehlweni elilodwa noma womabili: Abanye abantu bangabona imibala engaphezu kowodwa emehlweni elilodwa noma womabili. Lo mehluko ungaba imibala ehlukene yombala ofanayo. Noma ingxenye yangaphakathi ye-iris ingaba nombala owodwa kanti ingxenye yangaphandle ingaba ngolunye. Akuvamile kakhulu, abanye abantu bangaba neso elilodwa elinombala ohluke ngokuphelele kwelinye. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-heterochromia .
• Umbala wamehlo uyashintsha kukho konke ukuphila: Ubuwazi ukuthi umbala wamehlo wezingane ungashintsha ngaphambi kokuba zibe nonyaka owodwa ubudala? Umbala wamehlo wabanye abantu nawo uyashintsha kamuva ekuphileni. Futhi, ezinye izimo zezokwelapha zingabangela ukuthi umbala wamehlo akho ushintshe.

Kungani abantu abane-albino benamehlo abomvu noma apinki?

Abantu abane -albinism bane-melanin encane kakhulu noma abanayo nhlobo emehlweni abo. Uma bene-melanin encane kakhulu emehlweni abo, amehlo abo angase abonakale eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ompunga. Kodwa-ke, uma kungekho-melanin kunoma yiluphi ungqimba lwe-iris, imithambo yegazi e -retina yabo ibonakala ngokucacile. Yingakho amehlo abo ebonakala ebomvana noma ebomvu.

Ingabe umbala wamehlo uyayithinta impilo yethu?

Yebo, ngezinye izikhathi umbala wamehlo akho ungashintsha ngemithi ethile noma izimo zezokwelapha . Ezinye zalezi zinguquko azinangozi, kodwa ezinye zingaba uphawu lokuthile okungathi sína. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• Ama-cataract
• I-Glaucoma kanye neminye yemithi esetshenziselwa yona
• I-Horner syndrome
• I-Arcus senilis (indandatho emhlophe noma empunga ezungeze iso elimnyama, ikakhulukazi uma umuntu ekhula)

Ngezinye izikhathi, kungase kube nokuxhumana phakathi kombala wamehlo akho kanye nengozi yakho yokuthola izifo ezithile. Isibonelo, abantu abanamehlo ansundu bangase babe nengozi enkulu kancane yokuthola ama-cataract. Kuthiwa futhi abantu abanamehlo aluhlaza bamelana kakhulu nemiphumela yezimo zempilo yengqondo njengesifo sokuzwela sesizini .

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma ubona ushintsho olusheshayo embaleni wamehlo akho, noma uma umbala wamehlo akho ushintsha ngemva kokulimala kwamehlo noma ngoshintsho embonweni wakho, kufanele nakanjani ubone uchwepheshe wokunakekelwa kwamehlo. Bangakutshela ukuthi kudinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe nokwelashwa.

Yimuphi umbala wamehlo ovame kakhulu?

Umbala wamehlo ovame kakhulu emhlabeni onsundu . Abantu abangaphezu kwengxenye emhlabeni banamehlo ansundu. Abanye ochwepheshe babheka i-amber kanye ne-brown njengezinhlobo zombala ofanayo.

Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu uhla lwemibala ngaphakathi kombala onsundu. Amehlo ansundu angahluka kusukela konsundu okhanyayo kuya konsundu omnyama. Kwamanye amehlo ansundu omnyama kakhulu, kunzima ukubona ukuthi i-iris iphelela kuphi nokuthi indandatho emnyama iqala kuphi.

Uyini umbala wamehlo ongavamile kakhulu?

Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ungowombala ongavamile kakhulu phakathi kwemibala emikhulu yamehlo, ngaphandle kwamehlo abomvu/apinki abangelwa yizimo ezifana ne-albinism. Cishe u-2% wabantu bomhlaba wonke banamehlo aluhlaza. Cabanga ukuthi mancane kangakanani lawo!

Ingabe zonke izingane zizalwa zinamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka?

Cha. Lokhu kuyiphutha elivamile. Nakuba kuvamile ukuthi izingane zizalwe zinamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, akubona bonke abantu abazalwa nawo. Eqinisweni, ucwaningo lwango-2016 luthole ukuthi ama-20% kuphela ezingane azalwa enamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ucwaningo olufanayo luthole nokuthi cishe ama-63% ezingane azalwa enamehlo ansundu kanti cishe ama-6% azalwa enamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngakho-ke, isisho esithi "zonke izingane zizalwa zinamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka" asilona iqiniso ngokuphelele.

Umbala wamehlo wezingane ushintsha nini?

Akuzona zonke izingane ezishintsha umbala wamehlo, kodwa eziningi ziyashintsha. Uma umbala wamehlo wengane yakho ushintsha, cishe uzowubona lapho esenezinyanga ezi-3 ubudala. Umbala wamehlo wezingane eziningi ushintsha ngokuphelele lapho zineminyaka engaba ngu-6 ubudala. Kodwa-ke, iphesenti elincane kakhulu lezingane lingaqhubeka nokushintsha umbala wamehlo zibe sezikhulile.

Abacwaningi abenze ucwaningo olushiwo ngenhla lwango-2016 baphinde bahlola ama-73% ezingane ezahlanganyela ocwaningweni lokuqala eminyakeni emibili kamuva. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi lapho zineminyaka emibili, eyodwa kuphela kwezintathu zezingane yayishintshe umbala wamehlo azo.

Ingabe ingane ithola umbala wamehlo kubazali bayo?

Yebo, kodwa akuyona nje umbala wamehlo wabazali onquma lokhu. Izakhi zofuzo ezinquma umbala wamehlo ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Abacwaningi manje sebethole izakhi zofuzo eziningi kanye nokuguqulwa kwe-DNA okuthinta umbala wamehlo.

Ngakho-ke, nakuba umbala wamehlo wabazali uyisici esiyinhloko, akuyona yodwa enqumayo. Ngezinye izikhathi, umbala wamehlo ungadluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Lokho kusho ukuthi uma umntwana enombala wamehlo ohlukile kunonina noyise, kungaba nezizathu eziningi zalokho. Lokho kuvamile.

Uyini lo mbala we-Hazel?

Amehlo e-hazel abangelwa ukuthi inani le-melanin e-iris yakho liphansi kunomuntu onamehlo ansundu, kodwa liphakeme kunomuntu onamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma aluhlaza. Amehlo e-hazel ayinhlanganisela ensundu, igolide, noma eluhlaza .Lokhu akuwona njalo umxube olinganayo. Abanye abantu banemibala emibili kuphela emehlweni abo, kanti abanye banayo yonke emithathu. Lokhu kuhlukahluka phakathi kwabantu abanamehlo e-hazel kuyisibonelo esihle sokuthi umbala wamehlo uhlukile kangakanani.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Umbala wamehlo akho uyinto ekuhlukanisa nabanye abantu emhlabeni, into ehlukile kuwe. Ungashintsha impilo yakho yonke, futhi ungakunikeza nezinkomba mayelana nomlando wakho kanye nozalo lwakho. Ukuqonda ukuthi umbala wamehlo usebenza kanjani ngezinye izikhathi kungaba yinkomba yezimo zezokwelapha noma izinkinga zempilo.

Kulula ukubona ukuthi umbala wamehlo womuntu (noma owakho) ukhanga kangakanani, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uzinika isikhathi sokuwubuka ngasiphi isizathu. Ngakho-ke, nakekela amehlo akho, ngoba ayingxenye yobuntu bakho.

Umbala wamehlo , i-melanin, i-constellation, impilo yamehlo, amehlo ezingane, izakhi zofuzo, amehlo ansundu, amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amehlo aluhlaza