Ingabe imisipha esezingalweni zakho nasentanyeni yakho iyanyakaza ngokungalawuleki? Ake sixoxe nge-Focal Dystonia!

Wake wazizwa ukuthi uma uqala ukubhala okuthile, iminwe yakho iqala ukunyakazisa noma ukuthuthumela ngokuzumayo? Noma uma udlala insimbi efana negitare, uzizwa sengathi iminwe yakho iyanyakazisa noma ithuthumela ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokulawula? Mhlawumbe intamo yakho ithambekela ohlangothini olulodwa ngokuzumayo, noma izwi lakho liyashintsha noma lithuthumela uma ukhuluma? Lezi akuzona nje izinto ezingahleliwe. Lezi zinto zingaba izimpawu zesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Focal Dystonia . Nakuba igama lingase lizwakale lithusa kancane, namuhla sizokhuluma ngalokhu ngendlela elula ongayiqonda.

Kuyini i-Focal Dystonia?

Kalula nje, i-focal dystonia iyisimo sezinzwa. Kulesi simo, imisipha engxenyeni ethile yomzimba wakho iqala ukufinyela ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngaphandle kokulawula kwakho. Ngamanye amazwi, imisipha iqala ukufinyela ngaphandle kokuthi wena ufune. Igama elithi "focal" lisho "indawo ethile." Lokhu kusho ukuthi lesi simo sinqunyelwe endaweni eyodwa, kunokuba sithinte umzimba wonke.

Lokhu kungathinta imisipha entanyeni yakho (i-cervical dystonia noma i-spasmodic torticollis), amehlo akho (i-blepharospasm), umhlathi wakho (i-oromandibular dystonia), noma izintambo zakho zezwi (i-laryngeal dystonia noma i-spasmodic dysphonia). I-focal dystonia ingathinta nezindawo zesandla sakho, njengesihlakala sakho, intende yesandla, neminwe.

I-Dystonia yigama elijwayelekile lezimo zezinzwa ezibangela ukufinyela kwemisipha okungalawuleki. I-Focal dystonia uhlobo olulodwa lwe-dystonia.

Iyini i-Focal Dystonia eqondene nomsebenzi?

Lokhu futhi kuqondile kakhulu. Kwabanye abantu, lesi simo se-Focal Dystonia senzeka kuphela uma benza umsebenzi othize . Okusho ukuthi, baphilile ngezinye izikhathi, kodwa kuphela lapho beqala ukwenza lowo msebenzi lapho beqala khona ukudikiza nokulahlekelwa ukulawula. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi i-Task-specific Focal Dystonia .

Cabanga ngezibonelo ezinjengalezi:

• Ubuhlungu bokuqaqamba kombhali: Cishe uke wezwa ngalokhu. Uma uqhubeka nokubhala, noma uma ubhala izivivinyo, imisipha esandleni sakho naseminweni yakho iyaqina ngokuzumayo, okwenza kube nzima ukubhala. Abanye abantu abakwazi ngisho nokubamba ipeni kahle.
• I-dystonia yomculi: Lokhu kungathinta abantu abadlala izinsimbi zomculo ezifana negitare, i-violin, nepiyano. Imisipha esezandleni naseminweni iqina ngokuzumayo, inyakaze, futhi ingakwazi ukudlala amanothi. Abantu abadlala izinsimbi zomculo zethusi noma zomoya wokhuni bangaba nezinkinga ngemisipha yezindebe, umhlathi, noma ulimi (embouchure dystonia).
• Izimo ezenzeka kubadlali ("ama-yips"): Sizoxoxa ngalokhu kafushane.

I-focal dystonia eqondene nomsebenzi ivame ukubonakala kubantu abasebenza emisebenzini noma ezintweni zokuzilibazisa ezidinga amakhono amaningi okunyakaza. Isibonelo, abadlali bethenisi, abalungisi bezinwele, nabapendi.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Focal Dystonia ne-Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

Ngezinye izikhathi, izimpawu zalezi zimo ezimbili zingafana kancane, okungaholela ekudidekeni. Kodwa-ke, izimbangela zalezi zimo ezimbili zihlukile ngokuphelele.

I-focal dystonia ibangelwa inkinga yokuxhumana phakathi kobuchopho bakho nezinzwa . Okusho ukuthi, kunenkinga ngezibonakaliso ezihamba zisuka ebuchosheni ziya emisipheni.

Kodwa-ke, i-Carpal Tunnel Syndrome yisimo esenzeka lapho inzwa (inzwa ephakathi) edlula esihlakaleni icindezelwa. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa ukunyakaza kwezandla okuphindaphindiwe (ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile) noma ezinye izinkinga ngenzwa.

Ngakho-ke, noma izimpawu zifana, imbangela ihlukile, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kuhlukile. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukuxilongwa okunembile.

Ziyini "izimpukane"?

"I-yips" yigama elinikezwe isimo esikhulume ngaso ngaphambilini, i-Task-specific Focal Dystonia, ethinta abasubathi, ikakhulukazi labo abadlala imidlalo edinga ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwesandla noma isihlakala . Cabanga ukuthi lapho umdlali wekhilikithi esezobhowula noma eshaya ibhola, noma lapho umdlali wegalofu esezoshaya ibhola, ngokuzumayo ulahlekelwa ukulawula isandla sakhe, aqhume, futhi angakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi kahle. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi "i-yips." Lokhu kuvamile kubadlali begalofu nabe-baseball.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa i-Focal Dystonia?

Nakuba lesi simo singakhula kunoma ubani, sivame kakhulu kubantu abadala abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-40 no-60. Izifundo zithole nokuthi abesifazane banamathuba aphindwe kathathu okuthola i-focal dystonia kunabesilisa.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

I-Dystonia iyisifo sokunyakaza esivame kakhulu, kodwa lesi simo esithile, esibizwa ngokuthi i-focal dystonia, asivamile. E-United States, isibonelo, sithinta abantu abangaba bathathu kwabayizinkulungwane eziyishumi.

Yini ebangela i-focal dystonia?

Eqinisweni, odokotela abakakwazi ukukhomba imbangela eqondile ye-focal dystonia. Ibizwa ngokuthi "i-idiopathic." Lokho kusho ukuthi imbangela eqondile ayaziwa.

Kodwa, siyazi ukuthi lesi simo siyenzekaKungenxa yokuthi ubuchopho bakho kanye nemizwa yakho akukhulumisani kahle. Indawo ejulile ebuchosheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-"Basal Ganglia" isiza ukulawula ukunyakaza kwemisipha. Kucatshangwa ukuthi kukhona ushintsho oluthile ekusebenzeni kwale ndawo.

Ngezinye izikhathi, lezi zimpawu ze-focal dystonia zingavela ngokushintsha kwemikhuba yomuntu, njengomsubathi, umbhali, noma umculi. Isibonelo:

• Ukushintsha indlela yakho yokusebenza ngemva kokulimala kwezinzwa.
• Ukufunda insimbi entsha yezemidlalo noma yomculo.
• Ukuzibandakanya ekuqeqeshweni okwengeziwe, ekusebenzeni, noma emincintiswaneni kunokujwayelekile.

Nakuba abacwaningi bengakafakazisi ngokusobala ukuthi kukhona yini isixhumanisi sezakhi zofuzo, bathole ukuthi cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabayi-10 abathola i-focal dystonia banomlando womndeni walesi simo.

Yini ebangela "ama-yips"?

Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi abadlali begalofu bathola "ama-yips" ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokusebenza kahle. Okusho ukuthi, ingcindezi nokwesaba ukuncintisana. Lokho kungaba yisizathu esisodwa. Kodwa-ke, "ama-yips" angabangelwa futhi yifomu engafanele noma ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile.

Futhi, abantu abanezimo ezithile zempilo banamathuba amaningi okuzwa "ukugxumagxuma":

• Ukukhubazeka Kwengqondo
• I-Multiple Sclerosis

Ziyini izimpawu?

Izimpawu ze-focal dystonia zingahluka kuye ngengxenye yomzimba ethintekile. Ngokuvamile, uphawu lokuqala lungaba ukulahlekelwa okuncane kokuxhumana kwemisipha. Isibonelo, uma izandla zakho zithintekile, ungase uphonse izinto njalo. Uma umlomo wakho uthintekile, ungase uzwe ukuvuza kwamathe okukhulu lapho udla noma uphuza.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-focal dystonia ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zemisipha:

• Ukuqhaqhazela kwemisipha noma ukuqaqamba.
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha.
• Ukuqhaqhazela noma ukugxumagxuma kwemisipha (Twitches - myoclonus).
• Ukuma okungajwayelekile kwengxenye yomzimba ethintekile. Isibonelo, intamo ingase ithambekele ohlangothini olulodwa.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zimpawu eziyinhloko, abantu abane-focal dystonia bangase babe nezimpawu zesibili . Lezi zibangelwa ukucindezeleka kwengqondo nokomzimba okubangelwa yilesi simo. Lezi azihlobene ngqo nemisipha. Izimpawu ezinjalo zifaka:

• Umbono ofiphele.
• Ukucindezeleka.
• Ubunzima bokulala.
• Ukukhathala okukhulu.
• Ukushintshashintsha kwemizwa ngokuzumayo (ukushintshashintsha kwemizwa).
• Ulaka olufushane.
• Inkinga yokugxila.

Izimpawu ze-focal dystonia zingase zibe zimbi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bese zizinzile ezingeni elithile bese ziphinde zibuye. Kodwa-ke, kwabanye abantu, lesi simo singase singabi sibi kakhulu.

Ukuthola kanjani lokhu?

Ukuze ahlole i-focal dystonia, udokotela wakho uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho, umlando wakho wezokwelapha, futhi ahlole ingxenye yomzimba ethintekile.

Lapho ethola isifo, udokotela wakho uzozama ukugwema ezinye izimo ezibangela izimpawu ezifanayo (njengokulimala ngokweqile). Ungase futhi ube nokuhlolwa okufana nalokhu:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola izifo noma ezinye izimo zezokwelapha.
• I-CT scan noma i-MRI scan: Ukuhlola izimila noma ezinye izimila ezingavamile ebuchosheni noma eduze kwengxenye yomzimba ethintekile.
• I-Electromyogram (EMG): Ihlola indlela imisipha yakho ecubungula ngayo izimpawu zikagesi. Lokhu kungakunikeza umbono wokuthi izinzwa nemisipha yakho isebenza kanjani.

Iphathwa kanjani?

Ngeshwa, ayikho ikhambi le-focal dystonia. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa okutholakalayo kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuqaqamba kwemisipha futhi kumise isimo ukuba singabi sibi kakhulu. Ukwelashwa kwe-focal dystonia kungafaka:

• Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila: Ngezinye izikhathi, ukushintsha indlela ozizwa ngayo ngesikhathi somsebenzi wakho kungasiza ubuchopho bakho ukuthi buqhubeke nokunyakaza ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okuningi. Isibonelo, umdlali we-violin angase azizwe enyakaza kancane uma egqoke igilavu. Umbhali angase abe nezimpawu ezimbalwa uma eshintsha indlela aphatha ngayo ipeni lakhe. Ungenza futhi ukwelula noma ukuvivinya umzimba okuthile ukuze uphathe ukungakhululeki.
• Imithi:
• Ama-anticholinergics , njenge-Trihexyphenidyl (Artane®), asiza ukuvimba izimpawu zemizwa ezibangela ukuqaqamba kwemisipha.
• Ama-Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibitors , njengeTetrabenazine (Xenazine®), asetshenziselwa ukushintsha amakhemikhali obuchopho athinta imizwa nemisipha yakho.
• Kwezinye izimo, umuthi `(Carbidopa/Levodopa (Sinemet))` ungaqeda nezimpawu.
• Iziphumuli zemisipha, isibonelo, i-Baclofen noma i-benzodiazepines (i-Clonazepam), nazo zingasetshenziswa.
• Imijovo: I-Botulinum Toxin (Botox®)Imijovo iyindlela yokwelapha evamile ye-dystonia. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngayo isetshenziselwa izinjongo zobuhle, kodwa futhi iyasebenza kakhulu ezinkingeni zemisipha. Odokotela banikeza umjovo ngqo emisipheni ethintekile. Umjovo uvimba okwesikhashana izimpawu ezivela ebuchosheni ezibangela ukuba imisipha inyakaze. Iningi labantu lidinga ukuthola umjovo cishe njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu.
• Ukuhlinzwa: Akuvamile kakhulu, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuhlinzwa.
• Ukukhuthazwa Kobuchopho Okujulile (i-DBS): Lokhu kuhilela ukubeka ama-electrode ezindaweni ezithile ebuchosheni. Lawa madivayisi amancane alawula izimpawu ezibangela ukuba imisipha ifinyele.
• Ukuhlinzwa kokuhlukanisa imisipha ngokukhetha: Kulokhu, imizwa ebangela ukudikiza kwemisipha iyasuswa noma isuswe.

Ukuvimbela kanjani lokhu?

Njengoba sesixoxile ngaphambili, ayikho imbangela eyaziwayo eqondile ye-focal dystonia, ngakho-ke ayikho indlela yokuqiniseka ukuthi ingavinjelwa. Kodwa-ke, kunezici ezithile ezingenza i-focal dystonia ibe yimbi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuqaphela lezi zinto kungasiza:

• Gwema ukunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe noma ukukhuluma ngokweqile (kuye ngokuthi indawo ethintekile ikuphi).
• Ukulawula ukucindezeleka ngezindlela ezinempilo.
• Nciphisa ukukhathala ngemikhuba yokulala enempilo, ukuzivocavoca, kanye nokudla okunempilo.

Uyini umbono?

I-Focal Dystonia ngezinye izikhathi ingasakazeka futhi ithinte ezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Kutholakale ukuthi cishe kubantu abayisithupha abanalesi simo, i-Focal Dystonia isakazeka kwezinye izindawo.

Kodwa-ke, izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukwelashwa kunganciphisa ukuthi izimpawu ze-focal dystonia zinzima kangakanani nokuthi zimbi kangakanani. Uma izimpawu zakho zingathuthuki ngemva kokwelashwa, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Ukwelashwa kwakho kungadinga ukushintshwa.

Yini enye okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Uma uya kudokotela, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubuza le mibuzo:

• Yini okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi iyimbangela yezimpawu zami?
• Yiziphi izivivinyo engizodinga ukuze ngizihlole ukuze ngithole i-Focal Dystonia?
• Yini engingayenza ukuze ngiphathe lezi zimpawu ze-Focal Dystonia?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha enginazo?
• Yini engenzeka uma ngingayilaphi i-Focal Dystonia?

Okokugcina, izinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzikhumbule

I-focal dystonia yisimo sezinzwa esibangela ukufinyela kwemisipha okungalawuleki engxenyeni ethile yomzimba. I-focal dystonia, ethinta isandla, isihlakala, noma iminwe, ivame kakhulu kubantu abasebenzisa amakhono okunyakaza kahle njalo (isib. abaculi, abadlali, abalungisi bezinwele, ababhali).

Nakuba izimpawu zayo zingafana nezinkinga zezinzwa, i-focal dystonia ibangelwa inkinga yokuxhumana phakathi kwezinzwa zakho, imisipha, kanye nobuchopho.

Nakuba kungekho ukwelashwa kwalesi simo, izimpawu zingaphathwa kahle ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila, imithi, imijovo, noma ukuhlinzwa. Ngakho-ke, uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, ungangabazi ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kuhlale kuholela emiphumeleni engcono.

I- focal dystonia, ukudikiza kwemisipha, i-neuropathy, ukuqaqamba kwesandla sombhali, i-dystonia yomculi, ukugoba, ukwelashwa kwe-Botox