Ngezinye izikhathi, ngemva kokudla okuthile, sizizwa singajwayelekile noma singakhululekile, akunjalo? Ubuhlungu besisu, umuzwa wokucasuka , noma okunye. Bese sicabanga ngokuzumayo, "O, angikuthandi lokhu kudla." Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lokhu 'kuyi-allergy yokudla'. Kodwa ingabe kuhlale kuyi-allergy? Kungaba futhi isimo esihlukile esibizwa ngokuthi 'ukungabekezelelani kokudla.' Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi umehluko uyini ngempela phakathi kwalokhu okubili.
Ingabe ukungezwani nokudla kanye nokungabekezelelani ukudla kuyizinto ezimbili ezihlukene?
Yebo, lezi yizimo ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele. Nakuba abantu abaningi bephambanisa lezi zimo ezimbili, indlela ezenzeka ngayo nendlela ezithinta ngayo umzimba ihluke kakhulu.
Kalula nje, ukungezwani nokudla kwenzeka lapho amasosha omzimba wakho ebheka ukudla okungenangozi futhi ecabanga ukuthi, "O, lesi yisitha!" bese eqala ukulwa naso. Lokho kusho ukuthi amasosha omzimba asebenza ngokweqile ngendlela engafanele.
Kodwa ukungabekezelelani nokudla akuhlobene nakancane nohlelo lokuzivikela komzimba . Okwenzekayo ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lokugaya ukudla alukwazi ukugaya kahle lokho kudla.
Isibonelo esihle ukungezwani nobisi kanye nokungezwani ne-lactose. Ekungezwani nobisi, amasosha omzimba ayasabela kumaprotheni asebisini. Ekungezwani ne-lactose, umzimba awunayo i-enzyme (i-lactase) edingekayo ukugaya ushukela we-lactose obisini. Uyawuqonda umehluko?
Uma bobabili abazali bakho benokungezwani komzimba (njengokudla, uthuli, i-asthma), kungenzeka ukuthi nawe ube nokungezwani komzimba kokudla.
Ukungezwani komzimba kwenzeka kanjani emzimbeni?
Le nqubo iyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kodwa masiyiqonde kalula. Cabanga ukuthi cishe kuzo zonke izicubu zomzimba wethu, ikakhulukazi ekhaleni, emphinjeni, emaphashini, esikhumbeni, nasendleleni yokugaya ukudla, kukhona uhlobo lweseli olubizwa ngokuthi 'amaseli e-mast '.
1. Ukuhlangana kokuqala: Uma udla ukudla okubangela ukungezwani komzimba, umzimba wakho uyayibona i-allergen ekulokho kudla futhi udala ama-antibodies amaningi akhethekile abizwa ngokuthi i-IgE (Immunoglobulin E) . Le IgE iyahamba inamathele ebusweni balawo maseli e-mast. Kuleli qophelo, awubonisi zimpawu. Kodwa manje umzimba wakho usukulungele ukusabela ngesikhathi esilandelayo.
2. Ukuhlangana kwesibili: Manje, uma udla ukudla okufanayo okwesibili , i-allergen ekudleni ihlangana ne-IgE enamathele kumaseli e-mast. Ngaleso sikhathi, amaseli e-mast 'ayaqhuma', akhululeKukhishwa amakhemikhali amaningi njenge-histamine.
Lawa makhemikhali yiwona abangela izimpawu ezahlukene zokungezwani komzimba njengokulunywa, ukuvuvukala, ubunzima bokuphefumula, kanye nobuhlungu besisu. Ukudla kuqala ukulunywa ngokushesha nje lapho ukukufaka emlonyeni wakho, bese kuba nokuhlanza kanye nobuhlungu besisu lapho kungena esiswini sakho, futhi ngemva kokuba izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba sezingene egazini lakho, umfutho wegazi lakho ungehla. Konke lokhu kwenzeka esikhathini esifushane, kusukela emizuzwini embalwa kuya ehoreni .
Yiziphi izinto ezivame kakhulu ukungezwani nokudla?
Ukudla okuvame kakhulu okubangela ukungezwani komzimba kubantu abadala nasezinganeni kuhlukile kancane.
| Isigaba | Ukudla okuvame ukubangela ukungezwani komzimba |
|---|---|
| Abantu abadala |
|
| Izingane |
|
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukungezwani nobisi, amaqanda, kanye nesoya okukhula yizingane ngokuvamile kungasuswa njengoba zikhula. Kodwa-ke, ukungezwani nokudla okunamakinati, izinhlanzi kanye nezimfanzi kuvame ukuba yinto yokuphila konke.
Ingabe lokhu kuyi-allergy ngempela, noma okunye?
Ngezinye izikhathi sicabanga ukuthi kuwukungezwani nokudla, kodwa imbangela ingaba yinto ehlukile. Uma uya kudokotela uthi, "Nginokungezwani nokudla," naye uzosola lezi zinto.
| Isimo sokungaqondi kahle | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ubuthi Bokudla | Isimo esiba khona uma udla ukudla okungcoliswe amagciwane noma amagciwane. Uma wonke umuntu odle ukudla ebenesimo esifanayo, kungaba ubuthi bokudla kunokuba kube ukungezwani komzimba. |
| Ubuthi be-Histamine | Izinhlanzi ezifana ne-tuna kanye ne-mackerel, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zoshizi, zingandisa amazinga e-histamine uma zingafakwanga efrijini kahle. Ukudla lokhu kungabangela izimpawu ezifana nokungezwani komzimba. |
| Izithasiselo Zokudla | Abanye abantu bangase babe nokusabela ezintweni ezifana nama-sulfite, i-MSG, kanye nemibala yokwenziwa. Lokhu akuzona izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba. |
| Ukungabekezelelani i-Lactose | Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukungabekezelelani ne-lactose ukungakwazi ukugaya ushukela otholakala ebisini nasemikhiqizweni yobisi. Kubangela izimpawu ezifana nokuqunjelwa, ubuhlungu besisu kanye nesifo sohudo. |
| Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha | Izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu besisu nokuhlanza zingase zivele ngemva kokudla ezimweni ezifana nezilonda zesisu noma umdlavuza womphimbo. |
Ungayithola kanjani ngokunembile inkinga yokungezwani nokudla?
Uma usola ukuthi unesifo sokungezwani nokudla, ungaqageli nje; bona udokotela . Udokotela uzolandela lezi zinyathelo ukuze athole ukuthi unesifo yini.
1. Ukubuza imibuzo nokubhala umlando wezokwelapha
Udokotela uzokubuza imibuzo efana nale:
- Izimpawu zavela isikhathi esingakanani ngemva kokudla?
- Ingabe ukhona omunye umuntu odle nawe oye waba nesikhathi esinzima?
- Udle malini ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ukusabela?
- Ukudla kwakulungiswa kanjani (okuluhlaza noma okuphekiwe)?
- Ingabe kukhona okunye owakudla ngaleso sikhathi?
2. Idayari Yokudla
Udokotela wakho angakucela ukuthi ubhale phansi konke okudlayo usuku lonke kanye nanoma yikuphi ukusabela onakho. Lokhu kungakusiza ukuthola amaphethini.
3. Ukuhlolwa
Uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi kukhona ukungezwani nokudla okuthile ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho kanye nomlando wakho, angase enze izivivinyo ezinjengalezi.
- Ukuhlolwa Kokuhlatshwa Kwesikhumba: Iconsi lokudla okusolwayo libekwa esikhumbeni sesandla sakho bese kwenziwa ukuhlatshwa okuncane esikhumbeni. Uma indawo iba bomvu futhi ivuvukala zingakapheli imizuzu eyi-15-20, umphumela omuhle.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa okufana ne-RAST noma i-ELISA kuhlola ama-antibodies e-IgE egazini lakho ngokumelene nokudla okuthile.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwenselele Yokudla: Lena yindlela enembile kakhulu . Kodwa-ke, kufanele yenziwe esibhedlela kuphela ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela . Kulokhu kuhlolwa, unikezwa inani elincane lokudla okusolwayo, ukukhulisa kancane kancane.
Okubalulekile: Ngisho noma ezinye izivivinyo (ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba, ukuhlolwa kwegazi) ziveza ukuthi zilungile, ungase ungabi nazo izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba ngemva kokudla lokho kudla. Ngakho-ke, udokotela uzokwenza ukuxilongwa kokugcina kuphela ngokuqhathanisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa nezimpawu zakho.
Ngingayelapha kanjani? Kufanele ngenzeni?
Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko nokungcono kakhulu kokungezwani nokudla ukugwema.
- Ukugwema ukudla: Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukugwema ngokuphelele ukudla okubangela ukungezwani komzimba. Abanye abantu bangaba nokusabela okubi ngisho nangemva kokudla ingxenye encane nje engu-1/44,000 yento yamantongomane.
- Funda amalebula: Yenza umkhuba wokufunda ngokucophelela uhlu lwezithako kuzo zonke iphakethe lokudla olithenga esitolo. Ngezinye izikhathi, lezi zinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba zingafihlwa ekudleni esingakucabangi nokukucabanga.
- Lungiselela isimo esiphuthumayo (i-Anaphylaxis): Okunye ukungezwani nokudla kungabangela isimo esibi nesisongela ukuphila esibizwa ngokuthi i-anaphylaxis . Uma unomlando walokhu,
- Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza umuthi wokujova i-epinephrine (isib. i-EpiPen). Kufanele uwugcine nawe ngaso sonke isikhathi.
- Ungesabi ukuyisebenzisa noma ngabe uzizwa sengathi uqala ukuba nezimpawu zokungezwani komzimba. Kungasindisa impilo yakho.
- Ngemva kokuthola umjovo, kufanele uye ngokushesha eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze .
- Imithi: Imithi efana nama-antihistamine ingalawula izimpawu ezincane ezifana nokuqunjelwa kanye nokulunywa. Kodwa-ke, ayikwazi ukuvimba ukungezwani komzimba.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukungezwani Nokudla (okuhlobene nesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela) kanye nokungabekezelelani Ukudla (okuhlobene nesimiso sokugaya ukudla) yizimo ezimbili.
- Uma usola ukuthi ukudla okuthile akukuhle kuwe, ungaqageli, kodwa qiniseka ukuthi ubonana nodokotela bese uthola ukuxilongwa okufanele.
- Uma uhlangabezana nokusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba (i-anaphylaxis), hlala uphethe i-Epinephrine auto-injector oyinikezwe udokotela wakho futhi uqaphele ukuthi uyisebenzisa kanjani.
- Funda amalebula okudla ngokucophelela uma uthenga ukudla esitolo. Izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba zingafihlwa ekudleni ongase ungakulindele.
- Ungakhohliswa ezinye izindlela "zokuhlola ukungezwani komzimba" ezingezona ezesayensi, ezingaqinisekisiwe. Landela njalo iseluleko sikadokotela oqeqeshiwe.
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