Isithombe sangemuva kwamehlo akho? (I-Fundus Photography) Ake sifunde ukuthi siyini ngempela!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi udokotela wamehlo ubheka kanjani izinto ezincane kodwa ezibaluleke kakhulu ngaphakathi kwamehlo ethu? Ngezinye izikhathi bafaka umuthi esweni bese benza iso elimnyama libukeke likhulu, akunjalo? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngendlela ethatha isithombe sangemuva kweso, 'i-fundus'. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi ``Fundus Photography'' .

Kuyini i-Fundus Photography?

Kalula nje, lokhu ``(Fundus Photography)`` yilapho uchwepheshe wakho wamehlo ethatha isithombe sodonga lwangemuva lweso lakho, okuyingxenye esiyibiza ngokuthi 'i-fundus'. Ngokubheka lezi zithombe, udokotela angahlola izingxenye eziningana zeso ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuboneni kwakho. Lokhu ukuhlolwa okulula kakhulu, okungangenisi uhlaselo.

Yiziphi izingxenye ezibalulekile ngaphakathi kweso?

Kunezakhiwo eziningana ezibaluleke kakhulu ngaphakathi nangemuva kwamehlo ethu. Kufana nokuthi endlini yethu, yonke into inendawo yayo. Cabanga ngakho, lezi yizindawo eziyinhloko:

• I-Retina: Lolu ungqimba oluqukethe amaseli athola ukukhanya, abizwa ngokuthi ama-photoreceptor. Lawa maseli athumela izimpawu ebuchosheni mayelana nokukhanya akutholayo. Ubuchopho busebenzisa lezi zimpawu ukudala isithombe esikhulu "osibonayo."
• I-Macula: Lena yingxenye ezwela kakhulu ye-retina yakho. Iqukethe ama-photoreceptors akusiza ukuthi ubone umbala nemininingwane emincane. Kufana nekhamera ye-HD! Uma ufunda incwadi, i-macula ikusiza ukuthi ubone umbhalo ngokucacile.
• I-Optic Nerve: Lokhu kufana 'nekhebula ledatha' elixhumanisa i-retina yakho nobuchopho bakho. Izifo eziningi zamehlo zingathinta ingxenye yale nerve exhumanisa neso.
• I-Choroid: Lolu ngqimba lungaphansi kwe-retina yakho. Luyingxenye yongqimba oluphakathi nodonga oluzungeze iso lakho olubizwa ngokuthi i-uvea. Imithambo yegazi enikeza igazi kwi-retina yakho itholakala ku-choroid.

Lolu vivinyo lokuthwebula izithombe ze-fundus lwenziwa nini?

Lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-"Fundus Photography" kungenziwa njengengxenye "yokuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile". Noma, uma unezimpawu zamehlo noma ushintsho embonweni, kusetshenziswa futhi njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kwamehlo okukhethekile ukuthola imbangela. Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okufana nalokhu kusiza ekutholeni izimpawu ezithile zezifo zamehlo.

Cabanga nje, kusesimweni esinjengalesi lapho odokotela bevame ukunquma ukwenza lolu vivinyo lwe-"(Fundus Photography)":

• Izifo ze-retinal ezifana ne-retinopathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela noma i-retinopathy ehambisana nomfutho wegazi ophezulu.
• Ukulimala noma ukulimala kwe-retina, njengokudabuka noma ukuqhekeka.
• Izinguquko ezithile ku-retina, njengokuwohloka kwe-macular noma ukulahlekelwa umbono wombala.
• I-Uveitis yisimo sokuvuvukala esithinta i-retina noma i-choroid.
• Izimo zezinzwa ezibonakalayo njenge-optic atrophy kanye ne-papilledema.
• Ukushintsha noma ukulimala kwe-retina kanye/noma i-optic nerve ngenxa yezimo ezifana ne-glaucoma.
• Izimbangela zamabala amnyama (ama-Scotomas) ekuboneni noma ezifweni zensimu yokubona.
• Umdlavuza wamehlo kanye nezimila ezingezona umdlavuza (ezingenobungozi), njenge-'Retinoblastoma'.
• Izifo ezenzeka ngaphakathi kweso, njenge-toxoplasmosis.

Isebenza kanjani i-Fundus Photography?

Lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-"Fundus Photography" kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-"Fundus Camera". Iningi lemitholampilo yamehlo okungenani linenye yalezi zisetshenziswa ezikhethekile. Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi lawa makhamera abukeka kanjani.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamakhamera e-fundus:

Amakhamera e-Fundus ajwayelekile

Le divayisi ibukeka njengethubhu yesibonakude. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona uhlaka lokubamba isilevu sakho nebunzi, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona ilensi encane ukuze udokotela abone ngayo, futhi kunezinkinobho zokulawula. Ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle kakhulu kula makhamera, udokotela uzofaka amaconsi avule amehlo akho ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ubone ngaphakathi kweso lakho kangcono.

Amakhamera Asekelwe Ku-Laser Ebanzi

Lawa makhamera asebenzisa ama-laser akhethekile kanye namasu okuskena ukuze athathe izithombe ze-fundus ngokushesha, noma ngabe amehlo akho awavulekanga (okungukuthi, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imithi yokukhulisa i-pupil). Kodwa-ke, kulula ukuthatha izithombe uma amehlo akho evuleka. Lawa makhamera ngokuvamile anesikhala esisodwa esiyindilinga ongasibona. Leso sivalo sisesembozweni esikhulu, eside, esiyisicaba. Indawo ezungeze leso sivalo ivame ukumbozwa ngesembozo senjoloba ethambile, ngakho-ke ikhululekile futhi ayilimazi uma uyibamba ebusweni bakho.

Yini ongayilindela ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokuhlolwa?

Ingabe udinga ukulungiselela ngaphambi kokuhlolwa?

Cha, lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-"(Fundus Photography)" akudingi ukulungiselela okuningi kuwe. Akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho. Udokotela angase afake amaconsi amehlo emehlweni akho ukuze akhulise indandatho emnyama emehlweni akho ngaphambi kokuthatha izithombe. Lawa maconsi athatha imizuzu embalwa ukusebenza. Kufanele nje ubekezele isikhashana.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa?

Manje, sikhulume ngezinhlobo ezimbili zamakhamera e-fundus. Ngakho-ke lokho obhekana nakho kuzoncika ohlotsheni lwekhamera udokotela ayisebenzisayo. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungenzeka ukuthatha izithombe ngazo zombili izinhlobo zamakhamera.

Amakhamera e-Fundus ajwayelekile

Uma uthatha izithombe ngale mishini, uhlala esihlalweni noma esihlalweni, ubheke uhlaka ohlangothini lwakho lwepayipi. Udokotela uzohlanza ibunzi lakho nesilevu ngesembozo sokuhlanza ngaphambi kokubeka ubuso bakho.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina isilevu sakho kanye nebunzi lakho kufreyimu. Ngaleyo ndlela, kuzoba lula ngodokotela ukuthatha izithombe ngokushesha. Uma ikhanda lakho selisesimweni esifanele, kufanele ubheke kolunye uhlangothi lwepayipi. Ngaphakathi, uzobona ukukhanya kukhanya esweni lakho.

Udokotela uhlala ngakolunye uhlangothi lwepayipi, abheke nge-eyepiece yekhamera, alungise ikhamera, ayibhekise ezindaweni ezithile, bese ethatha izithombe ngasinye ngasinye. Bakutshela ukuthi ubheke phambili, ubheke kwesokudla, ubheke kwesobunxele, njll. Kuye ngesizathu sokuthatha izithombe, bathatha izithombe zeso elilodwa noma zombili. Uma izithombe sezithathiwe, ukuhlolwa kuyaphela. Ngokushesha, akunjalo?

Amakhamera Asekelwe Ku-Laser Ebanzi

Uma ubheka embotsheni yekhamera ene-engeli ebanzi, uzobona uphawu oluyindilinga, okudingeka ulubheke ngqo. Ingemuva ngemuva kophawu lingashintsha umbala. Udokotela noma uchwepheshe owenza ukuhlolwa uzokutshela ukuthi imibala isho ukuthini, ukuthi unganyakazi kanjani, nokuthi yiziphi ezinye izinto okudingeka zithathwe esithombeni.

Uma ususesimweni esifanele, uzovula ikhamera. Uzobona ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okukhanyayo, njengokukhanya ephepheni ngaphakathi komshini wokukopisha, kudlule ekuboneni kwakho. Kuhlala isikhathi esifushane nje, cishe umzuzwana. Ungakhathazeki, ngeke kube buhlungu. Ngokuvamile, kuthathwa izithombe ezintathu zeso ngalinye. Uma izithombe sezithathiwe, ukuhlolwa kuyaphela.

Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlolwa?

Ngemva kokuthathwa kwezithombe ze-fundus, udokotela noma umhlengikazi uzokuyisa egumbini lokuhlolwa. Lapho uzohlangana nodokotela wamehlo noma udokotela wamehlo. Bazokwenza okunye ukuhlolwa, noma bazobheka izithombe zakho ze-fundus bese bechaza ukuthi zisho ukuthini.

Ingabe kukhona izingozi noma imiphumela emibi kulokhu kuhlolwa?

Lokhu `(Fundus Photography)` kuyindlela yokuhlola ephephile kakhulu . Akukho miphumela emibi. Kodwa-ke, uma unikezwa umuthi wokukhulisa inhlamvu yeso lakho (`(Eye Dilation`), umuthi ungabangela imiphumela emibi emincane. Isibonelo, ukubona kwakho kungase kufiphale isikhashana, futhi amehlo akho angase abonakale eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphandle. Kodwa lokhu kuvame ukuba kuncane kakhulu futhi kuzoba ngcono ngemva kwesikhashana. Uma udokotela wakho evule amehlo akho, amehlo akho azohlala evulekile kuze kube yilapho umuthi uphela. Esikhathini esiningi, lo muthi uzophela phakathi namahora ambalwa (udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani).

Uma une-photophobia, okusho ukuthi amehlo akho aphenduka abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uma ungaphandle, ungase uzizwe ungakhululekile kancane lapho ukukhanya kushaya amehlo akho lapho uthatha izithombe. Lokhu kuvame ukuba okwesikhashana nje, futhi udokotela wakho uzokusiza ngalokho. Amakamelo amaningi okuhlola amehlo anezibani ezifiphalayo, ngakho-ke uma ungasakhululekile ngokukhanya okukhanyayo, udokotela wakho uzozisebenzisa.

Ngingakwazi yini ukushayela ngemuva kokuthatha izithombe ze-fundus?

Yebo, ezimweni eziningi ungashayela ngaphandle kwezinkinga ngemuva kokuthi "(Fundus Photography)``. Kuya ngokuthi kungani uthathe izithombe, isimo samehlo akho ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, kanye nezinye izici ezimbalwa.

Abantu abaningi baya ehhovisi likadokotela ngemoto, futhi ungashayela ubuye ngemuva kokuhlolwa. Uma udokotela evule amehlo akho (esebenzise umuthi wokukhulisa amehlo akho), bangakunikeza izembozo ezifakwe umbala ongasetshenziswa njengezibuko zelanga. Lezi zikhululekile emehlweni akho uma uphuma. Uma ugqoka izibuko, ungashiya lezi zembozo ezisetshenziswayo phezu kwezibuko zakho kuze kube yilapho ukuvulwa kwazo kuphela. Kodwa-ke, uma ungaqiniseki, kungcono ukubuza udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokushayela.

Injani imiphumela? Isitshelani?

Amakhamera e-Fundus emitholampilo eminingi yamehlo angathumela izithombe kukhompyutha esegumbini lokuhlolwa ngokushesha nje lapho zithathwa. Udokotela wakho angabuka izithombe esikrinini sekhompyutha. Angase futhi akubonise izithombe futhi achaze izinto ezahlukene azibonisayo. Angase athi izinto ezinjengokuthi, "Bheka i-optic nerve engaphakathi kweso lakho..."

Uma i-fundus yeso lakho ibukeka ijwayelekile, udokotela wakho uzokutshela lokho. Kuyaduduza ukuzwa into efana nokuthi , "Akukho lutho olungalungile, konke kuhamba kahle." Uma izithombe zibonisa noma yiziphi izinguquko ezibalulekile noma ukungajwayelekile, udokotela wakho uzokuchazela zona. Uma udokotela wakho enezithombe zakho zangaphambilini, angaziqhathanisa. Angase athi izinto ezifana nokuthi, "Nansi umehluko omncane kusukela ngesikhathi esidlule."

Ngokusekelwe kulokho esikubona ezithombeni zakamuva, kungenzeka ukuthi wenza eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yalezi zinto:

• Ncoma ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe (isb., okunye ukuskena okukhethekile)
• Inikeza izinketho zokwelapha (isb. imithi, ukwelashwa nge-laser)
• Kuzohlelwa i-aphoyintimenti yokulandelela. (Isibonelo, ake siphinde sibonane ezinyangeni ezi-3)
• Uzothunyelwa komunye uchwepheshe (isib. uchwepheshe wesifo sikashukela).

Kukhona isisho esithi, 'Isithombe sibaluleke kakhulu kunamazwi ayinkulungwane.' Kanjalo nje, isithombe esingemuva kwamehlo akho asinakuqhathaniswa nempilo yamehlo akho.

Ekugcineni, khumbula lokhu.

Ngakho-ke, lokhu `(Fundus Photography)` kuyindlela ewusizo kakhulu yokuhlola impilo yamehlo akho. Uchwepheshe wakho wamehlo angasebenzisa lezi zithombe ukubona ukuthi amehlo akho aphilile yini nokubona noma yiziphi izinkinga. Okungcono nakakhulu ukuthi lokhu `(Fundus Photography)` kungabamba izinguquko ngaphakathi kweso ngaphambi kokuba ubonise noma yiziphi izimpawu. Lokhu kuyingxenye yokuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungabona izifo eziqala ngaphakathi kweso ngaphandle kokuthi uqaphele.

Ngakho-ke, ungacela udokotela wakho imininingwane eyengeziwe yokuthi lokhu kungakuzuzisa kanjani. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi kungumthwalo wakho ukuvikela amehlo akho! Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo .

Izithombe ze - Fundus, Ukuhlolwa Kwamehlo, i-Retina, Impilo Yamehlo, i-Macula, i-Optic Nerve