Ingabe nawe unesifo sokukhunta? (Ukutheleleka Kwesikhunta / I-Mycosis) Ake sithole kahle ngalokhu!

Wake waphawula ibala elincane elibomvu esikhumbeni sakho, into efana nokuqubuka, ongase ulunywe, noma uzipho olushintsha umbala ngokuzumayo bese luba lujiyile? Mhlawumbe unesikhumba esimhlophe emlonyeni wakho. Lezi yizimpawu ezivamile zokutheleleka ngefungus, noma njengoba odokotela bekubiza kanjalo, ``Mycosis``, esizokhuluma ngayo namuhla. Ungakhathazeki, ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe.

Ziyini izikhunta?

Kalula nje, isikhunta siyiqembu lezinto eziphilayo ezingezona izitshalo noma izilwane. Cabanga ngezinto ezifana nesikhunta nemvubelo. Ziphila ngokwemvelo endaweni ezungezile nangaphakathi emizimbeni yethu, isibonelo emilonyeni yethu, emathunjini ethu, nasesikhumbeni. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi kuvela izinkinga uma sezikhula kakhulu. Lezi sikhunta zisakazeka ngokukhulula izingxenye zazo ezincane ezifana nembewu, esizibiza ngokuthi "ama-spores," endaweni ezungezile. Nakuba kunezinhlobo zesikhunta eziyizigidi emhlabeni, zimbalwa kakhulu ezibangela izifo kubantu.

Kubukeka kanjani ukutheleleka kwesikhunta ngaphandle?

Uma unesifo sokukhunta esikhumbeni sakho, singaba bomvu, sivuvuke, futhi sibukeke njengama-blister amancane . Ngezinye izikhathi singaze sibukeke njengokuqhuma. Cabanga ngakho, ngezinye izikhathi uthola isikhumba esibomvu, esilumayo phakathi kwezinzwane zakho noma endaweni yakho yezimbotshana, akunjalo? Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi isifo sokukhunta. Uma unesifo sokukhunta, izinzipho zakho zingaba phuzi, zibe nsundu, noma zibe mhlophe, zibe zijiyile, futhi ziphuke kalula . Uma unesifo emlonyeni noma emphinjeni, ungase ubone amabala amhlophe noma amabala emlonyeni wakho .

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola izifo zesikhunta?

Eqinisweni, noma ubani angathola ukutheleleka ngefungus, ikakhulukazi esikhumbeni nasezinzipho. Zivame kakhulu ezindaweni lapho kunomswakama omningi khona nalapho isikhumba sithintana khona (isibonelo, emakhwapheni, emaqakaleni, ngaphansi kwamabele). Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu, ikakhulukazi yokutheleleka okunzima kakhulu:

• Uma unezinkinga zesistimu yokujikeleza kwegazi (isib. ukujikeleza kwegazi okungekuhle emilenzeni).
• Uma unesifo sikashukela i-mellitus .
• Uma amasosha omzimba wakho ebuthakathaka , kungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa yalokhu okulandelayo:
• isimo `(se-HIV/AIDS)`.
• Ukwelashwa komdlavuza noma umdlavuza (isib. i-chemotherapy, i-radiotherapy).
• Uma uthatha imithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba (isib. imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba yezimo zokuzivikela komzimba, noma ngemva kokufakelwa izitho noma ukufakelwa amaseli e-stem).

Ingabe ukutheleleka ngefungus kungaba yingozi?

Esikhathini esiningi, izifo ezivamile zesikhunta zesikhumba noma zezinzipho azizimbi kangako . Kodwa-ke, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, uma amasosha omzimba wakho ebuthakathaka, ezinye izifo zesikhunta zingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu . Ngakho-ke, akuwona umqondo omuhle ukunganaki ngisho nencane.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zezifo zefungal ezikhona?

Singahlukanisa ukutheleleka kwesikhunta ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko, okungukuthi, kuye ngokuthi ukutheleleka kukuphi:

1. Izifo ezenzeka ebusweni besikhumba, izinzipho, noma ulwelwesi lwamafinyila (isib., umlomo, umphimbo, isitho sangasese sowesifazane) (`Izifo zesikhunta ezingaphandle` noma 'izifo zesikhumba`)

2. Ukutheleleka ngaphansi kwesikhumba (`Ukutheleleka kwesikhunta okungaphansi kwesikhumba`)

3. Ukutheleleka ezithweni zangaphakathi zomzimba (isib. amaphaphu, ubuchopho, inhliziyo) (`Ukutheleleka okujulile kwesikhunta`)

Manje ake sibheke ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo ngemininingwane ethe xaxa.

1. Ukutheleleka ngefungus okungabonakali

Lezi yizifo ezivame kakhulu zesikhunta esizibonayo.

• I-Ringworm (dermatophytosis): Empeleni lokhu akuyona imbungu, kodwa i-fungus. Le fungus ihlala emaseli esikhumba, izinwele, kanye nezinzipho. Ingabonakala ezinyaweni zakho (`(tinea pedis)` noma `(unyawo lomdlali)`), imbobo yakho kanye namathanga angaphakathi (`(tinea cruris)` noma `(jock itch)`), isikhumba sakho sekhanda (`(tinea capitis)`), izandla zakho (`(tinea manuum)`), intshebe yakho kanye nesikhumba esizungezile (`(tinea barbae)`), nanoma yikuphi emzimbeni wakho (`(tinea corporis)`). Cabanga ngakho, lesi simo asibizwa ngokuthi `unyawo lomdlali` sivamile yini kubantu abadlala imidlalo ngezinye izikhathi? Futhi, abanye abantu bathola ukulunywa, ukuqubuka okubomvu endaweni yembobo, okungaba `(jock itch)`.
• Ukutheleleka Kwesikhunta Sezinzipho (i-Onychomycosis): Lokhu kutheleleka kungavela ezinzipho zakho noma ezinzipho zezinyawo, okubangelwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zesikhunta. Izinzipho ziyashintsha umbala, zibe zinkulu futhi zibe buthakathaka .
• Ukutheleleka kwe-Candida (i-Candidiasis): Uhlobo lwemvubelo olubizwa ngokuthi "i-Candida", ikakhulukazi uhlobo lwe-"Candida albicans", luvame ukuhlala emizimbeni yethu ngaphandle kwezinkinga, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lungakhula kakhulu futhi lubangele ukutheleleka. Izibonelo:
• Amabala amhlophe emlonyeni (i-thrush yomlomo). Cishe uyazi ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka ezinganeni ezincane.
• Ezinye izinhlobo `(ukuqubuka kwenabukeni)`.
• Ukutheleleka kwemvubelo yesitho sangasese sowesifazane (ukutheleleka kwemvubelo yesitho sangasese sowesifazane noma i-vulvovaginitis).
• Ukutheleleka kwe-Candida kwe-esophagus (`(esophageal candidiasis)`).
• Ukutheleleka kwe-Candida (`(candidal intertrigo)`) okwenzeka ezindaweni ezigoqekayo zesikhumba nasezindaweni ezijulukayo.
• I-Tinea versicolor / i-pityriasis versicolor: Isimo esibangelwa yisikhunta esibizwa ngokuthi `(Malassezia)` esibangela ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba namabala. Abanye abantu bathola la mabala amhlophe, kanti abanye baba nsundu.

2. Ukutheleleka kwesikhunta ngaphansi kwesikhumba

Lokhu kwenzeka lapho isikhunta singena emzimbeni ngesilonda sesikhumba noma ngokusikwa. Isibonelo, kungaba yinto efana nokuhlatshwa ameva ngenkathi ulima ingadi. Lokhu kungabangela ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, izilonda, nezinye izimpawu. Lokhu kutheleleka kuvame kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo.

Izibonelo:

• I-Sporotrichosis (isifo somlimi wezimbali): Ibangelwa yi-fungus `(Sporothrix).` Ingathinta amaphaphu noma ezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
• I-Chromoblastomycosis:Kungabangelwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zesikhunta. Lokhu kubangela ukutheleleka kwesikhumba isikhathi eside (okungapheli). Akuvamile ukuthi kusakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
• I-Eumycetoma: Ibangelwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zesikhunta. Ngokuvamile ithinta izinyawo.

3. Ukutheleleka ngesikhunta okwenzeka ezithweni zangaphakathi zomzimba (`Ukutheleleka ngesikhunta okujulile`)

Lezi yizifo ezingenzeka hhayi esikhumbeni, kodwa ngaphakathi emzimbeni, ezindaweni ezifana namaphaphu, igazi, umgudu womchamo, kanye nobuchopho. Ezinye zazo zibizwa nangokuthi "izifo ezithola ithuba." Lokhu kusho ukuthi azivamile ukubangela ukugula, kodwa zingamthelela kalula umuntu onesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka.

Izibonelo:

• I-Histoplasmosis: Isikhunta esibizwa ngokuthi i-Histoplasma singathinta amaphaphu, ubuchopho, noma ezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
• I-Coccidioidomycosis (umkhuhlane wesigodi): Isikhunta esibizwa ngokuthi i-Coccidioides singathelela amaphaphu, futhi, ngokungavamile, nezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
• I-Blastomycosis: Isikhunta `(Blastomyces)` sithinta amathambo, isikhumba namaphaphu. Akuvamile ukuthi sithinte ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla.
• I-Aspergillosis: Uhlobo lwesikhunta olubizwa ngokuthi i-Aspergillus lungabangela izifo ezahlukahlukene zamaphaphu, njenge-allergy bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) kanye ne-pulmonary aspergillosis engapheli. Lungaphinde luthelele ezinye izingxenye zomzimba noma lwakhe i-fungus mass (aspergilloma) emaphashini.
• Ukutheleleka kwe-Candidal urinary tract: Ukutheleleka okuningi kwe-urinary tract (UTIs) kubangelwa amagciwane, kodwa okunye kubangelwa yimvubelo efana ne-Candida.
• I-candidiasis ehlaselayo: Lesi simo sibangelwa izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-Candida. Ingathelela inhliziyo, igazi (candidemia), ubuchopho, amehlo (endophthalmitis), amathambo, noma ezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
• I-Pneumocystis pneumonia (PJP): I-fungus `(Pneumocystis jirovecii)` ithinta amaphaphu futhi ibangele lesi simo se-pneumonia.
• I-Mucormycosis: Lokhu kubangelwa yiqembu lesikhunta esibizwa ngokuthi i-mucormycetes. Lokhu kungathinta ama-sinuses kanye nobuchopho (i-rhinocerebral mucormycosis), amaphaphu (i-pulmonary mucormycosis), indlela yokugaya ukudla (i-gastrointestinal mucormycosis), kanye nesikhumba (i-cutaneous mucormycosis). Ngezinye izikhathi kungasakazekela ezingxenyeni eziningana zomzimba ngesikhathi esisodwa (i-disseminated mucormycosis).
• I-Cryptococcosis: Lokhu kubangelwa yi-fungi `(Cryptococcus neoformans)` kanye `(Cryptococcus gattii)`. Nakuba ivame ukuthelela amaphaphu, ngezinye izikhathi ingathinta ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla, okubangela `(cryptococcal meningitis).`

Ziyini izimpawu zokutheleleka ngefungus?

Izimpawu zokutheleleka ngefungus ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo nendawo yokutheleleka.Kuyahlukahluka. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu yilezo zesikhumba, izinzipho, umlomo, umphimbo, noma isitho sangasese sowesifazane. Ngezinye izikhathi, izimpawu zokutheleleka emaphashini, ebuchosheni, emehlweni, emathunjini, noma ezinso nazo zingavela.

Izimpawu zokutheleleka ebusweni besikhumba noma ngaphansi kwesikhumba:

• Ukuluma, ubuhlungu, ukubomvu, noma ukuqubuka endaweni ethintekile.
• Ukushintsha kombala, ukuqina, noma ukuphuka kwezinzipho.
• Ubuhlungu lapho udla, ukulahlekelwa ukunambitheka, noma amabala amhlophe emlonyeni/emphinjeni .
• Isigaxa esingenabuhlungu ngaphansi kwesikhumba.

Izimpawu zokutheleleka kwe-fungus emaphashini:

• Ukukhwehlela, mhlawumbe nge-phlegm negazi.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele, ukhathele (`(Ukukhathala)`).
• Imfiva.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha.
• Ubuhlungu bamalunga.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu.
• Ukujuluka ebusuku.

Izimpawu zokutheleleka kwe-fungus kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba:

• Ukutheleleka kobuchopho: ikhanda elibuhlungu, umkhuhlane, ubuhlungu bentamo, isicanucanu/ukuhlanza, ukuzwela ukukhanya, ukudideka.
• Ukutheleleka kwamehlo: ubuhlungu bamehlo, ukubomvu, ukuphuma kwamanzi, ukubona okufiphele, ukudabuka, ukuzwela ukukhanya.
• Ukutheleleka kwesistimu yamathumbu: ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza.
• Ukutheleleka kwama-sinuses: umkhuhlane, ikhala elicijile, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukuvuvukala kolunye uhlangothi lobuso, ubuhlungu bobuso.

Yini ebangela ukutheleleka kwesikhunta?

Imvubelo, isikhunta, kanye nezinye isikhunta ziyimbangela yalezi zifo. Iningi lesikhunta alibagulisi abantu, kodwa abanye bayagula. Ezinye izifo, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, 'ziyithuba'. Okusho ukuthi, ngokuvamile azibangeli izinkinga, kodwa zisebenzisa izimo, njengalapho isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sibuthakathaka, ukuze zibangele izifo.

Ezinye izinhlobo ezivamile zesikhunta ezibangela ukutheleleka:

• Ama-dermatophyte: Lawa yiqembu lesikhunta elincike entweni ebizwa ngokuthi ``keratin``` etholakala ezinweleni, ezinzipho, kanye nangaphandle kwesikhumba. Awatheleli izicubu eziphilayo.
• I-Candida: I-Candida albicans uhlobo lwemvubelo oluhlala ngokwemvelo emizimbeni yethu ngaphandle kokubangela izinkinga. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ingakhula kakhulu futhi ibangele ukulunywa, ukubomvu, nezinye izimpawu. Akuvamile, kungabangela izifo ezinkulu.
• Isikhunta semvelo esihlala enhlabathini noma emanzini: Izibonelo zifaka phakathi `(Histoplasma)`, `(Coccidioides)`, `(Blastomyces)` kanye `(Aspergillus)`.

Lezi zifo zesikhunta zisakazeka kanjani?

Kunezindlela eziningana ezivamile zokusabalala kwezifo zesikhunta:

• Ukusuka ezindaweni zomphakathi ezimanzi. Isibonelo, izindlu zangasese zomphakathi kanye namakamelo okushintshela ejimini.
• Ngenxeba noma ukusikeka esikhumbeni.
• Ngokuphefumula isikhunta esivela endaweni ezungezile (isib. inhlabathi, uthuli).
• Ngenxa yokuthatha ama-antibiotic.Ngoba uma ama-antibiotic ebulala amabhaktheriya amahle emizimbeni yethu, amanye ama-fungus anganda ngokungalawuleki.
• Ezinye izifo ze-dermatophyte zingasakazeka ngokuxhumana ngqo nomuntu noma isilwane esinalesi sifo.

Ingabe izifo zesikhunta ziyathelelana?

Ezinye izifo zesikhunta ezingatheni, njenge-ringworm, zingasakazeka kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye ngokuxhumana okuqondile . Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi izifo ze-Pneumocystis jirovecii nazo zingasakazeka kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye. Kodwa-ke, izifo ezijulile, njengesikhunta esihogela emaphashini sisuka endaweni ezungezile, azivamile ukuthelelana.

Uyibona kanjani i-fungus infection?

Indlela udokotela wakho athola ngayo ukutheleleka kwesikhunta kuncike ekutheni kukuphi emzimbeni wakho. Angase afune izimpawu zesikhunta kulezi zinto, noma azame 'ukusikhulisa' isikhunta:

• Amasampula athathwe esikhumbeni noma kwezinye izicubu ezithintekile.
• Ingcezu yezinzipho (`ukunqunywa kwezinzipho`).
• Isampula yegazi.
• Isampula yesikhwehlela.
• Uketshezi oluzungeze ubuchopho nomgogodla (`uketshezi lwe-CNS`).
• Isampula yomchamo.
• Ukukhishwa kwamehlo.
• Ukuphuma koketshezi esithweni sangasese sowesifazane.

Uma udokotela wakho ecabanga ukuthi unesifo sokukhunta emaphashini akho, ebuchosheni, noma kwezinye izitho zangaphakathi, angase futhi acele ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray, i-MRI, noma i-CT scans ukuze abheke izimpawu zokutheleleka.

Izifo zesikhunta zelashwa kanjani?

Izifo eziningi zesikhunta zingelashwa ngemithi yesikhunta . Le mithi ibulala isikhunta ngaphakathi nangaphandle komzimba wakho. Uhlobo lwemithi udokotela wakho ayinikezayo luzohluka kuye ngokuthi isikhunta sikuphi.

Nakuba ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingathengwa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela (OTC) ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela, kungcono ukubonisana nodokotela ngaphambi kokwelapha ukutheleleka kwesikhunta.

Yimiphi imithi esetshenziswa ekwelapheni?

Ukwelapha ukutheleleka kwesikhunta, udokotela wakho angase akunikeze ukwelashwa kwe-antifungal okufana nalokhu:

• Imithi yomlomo.
• Imithi efakwa ngemithambo yegazi (`imithi ye-IV`). Le mithi inikezwa ngqo emthanjeni ehhovisi likadokotela noma esibhedlela.
• Ama-lotion, okhilimu noma impuphu.
• Izihlanzi zomlomo noma zokuhlanza umlomo.
• Amaconsi amehlo.
• Izinhlobo ze-shampoo.

Unganciphisa kanjani ingozi yokutheleleka ngefungus?

Ukuze ugweme izifo ezahlukahlukene zesikhunta, kubalulekile ukugcina inhlanzeko enhle yomuntu siqu futhi uzivikele ezikhunta ezikuyo indawo ezungezile. Landela lawa macebiso ukuze uvimbele izifo zesikhunta:

• Geza njalo ngemva kokujuluka noma ukungcola.Ungazishiyi izindawo zesikhumba zimanzi.
• Ungahambi ungenazicathulo ezindlini zangasese zomphakathi, eshaweni, noma ezindaweni zokushintsha izingubo ejimini.
• Gqoka izingubo zangaphansi ezihlanzekile, ezomile, ezikotini.
• Gcina amazinyo akho nomlomo wakho kuhlanzekile.
• Uma ugqoka ama-contact lens, wahlanze njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho wamehlo.
• Gcina izinzipho zakho zimfushane futhi zihlanzekile.
• Ama-antibiotic kufanele athathwe kuphela uma enqunywe udokotela. Ukuthatha ama-antibiotic isikhathi eside kakhulu kungabangela ukuthi imvubelo ikhule emzimbeni futhi ibangele ukutheleleka.
• Ungabelani ngemishini yezemidlalo, amathawula, noma ezinye izinto zakho siqu nabanye.
• Uma usebenza ngenhlabathi, gqoka izingubo zokuzivikela ezifana namagilavu, amabhuzu, amabhulukwe amade, kanye namahembe anemikhono emide . Uma usendaweni lapho isikhunta esiyingozi sivame khona endaweni ezungezile, gqoka imaski yokuphefumula ye-N95 ukuze uvimbele ukuphefumulela.
• Uma uhlala endaweni enesikhunta esiyingozi emhlabathini, gqoka imaski yobuso ngesikhathi seziphepho zothuli, noma uhlale endlini uvale amafasitela.

Kwenzekani uma kukhona isifo se-fungus?

Ongakulindela uma unegciwane lesikhunta kuncike ekutheni unezinye izimo eziyisisekelo, nokuthi likuphi emzimbeni wakho. Ukutheleleka kwesikhunta kwezinwele, isikhumba, nezinzipho ngokuvamile akukubi kangako , kodwa kungathatha isikhathi ukuqeda ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa. Ukutheleleka kwesikhunta okujulile kwamaphaphu noma ezinye izitho zangaphakathi kungaba yingozi empilweni, ikakhulukazi uma isimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela sibuthakathaka.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?

Uma unezimpawu zokutheleleka ngefungus, ikakhulukazi emaphashini noma kwezinye izitho zangaphakathi, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela. Uma welapha ukutheleleka ngefungus, ungakhohlwa ukubona udokotela wakho futhi uma kungapheli.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

• Yini eyabangela lokhu kutheleleka? Yini okufanele ngiyenze ukuze ngivimbele lokhu esikhathini esizayo?
• Ngingakuvimbela kanjani lokhu kutheleleka ukuthi kungasabalali kwabanye?
• Kufanele ngiphinde ngikubone nini futhi?
• Uyisebenzisa kanjani le mithi?
• Kuzongithatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi ngilulame?

Izinto okufanele uzikhumbule kulesi sihloko (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Isikhunta sikuyo yonke indawo. Eqinisweni, ezinye izinhlobo zesikhunta zihlala ngokwemvelo emizimbeni yethu ngaphandle kokuthi sicabange ngazo. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi sizothola ukutheleleka kwesikhunta ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yethu. Iningi lazo lingelapheka ngokwelashwa.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nendlela ongazivikela ngayo uma unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka noma usengozini yokutheleleka okukhulu noma kwesikhathi eside.

Futhi, uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingavamile esikhumbeni noma ezinzipho zakho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngaphandle kokuzishaya indiva.

Ukutheleleka kwesikhunta , i-mycosis, izifo zesikhumba, isikhunta sezinzipho, i-candida, i-eczema, i-psoriasis, isikhunta, isikhunta, imvubelo