Ake sifunde nge-Astrocytoma yeBanga lesi-3 ebuchosheni ngamagama alula.

Ingabe wena noma othile omaziyo uyathuthumela uma ezwa igama elithi "isimila sobuchopho"? Kuvamile kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi uma wazi ukuthi sibi kakhulu. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, ake sixoxe ngalesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Grade 3 Astrocytoma" ngemininingwane ethe xaxa, kodwa kalula kakhulu. Ngithemba ukuthi uzokuqonda kahle lokhu.

Iyini i-Astrocytoma yeBanga lesi-3?

Kalula nje, lesi isimila somdlavuza esikhula ngokushesha esakheka ebuchosheni . Kukhona uhlobo olukhethekile lweseli olubizwa ngokuthi amaseli e-astrocyte ebuchosheni bethu kanye nasemgogodleni. Lawa amaseli amise okwezinkanyezi. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukusiza nokuvikela ama-neurons ethu - amaseli anesibopho sayo yonke into kusukela emicabangweni yethu, emizweni, kanye nasekunyakazeni kwethu.

Ngakho-ke, ngesizathu esithile, lapho la maseli e-astrocyte ehlukana ngokungalawuleki, ngokushesha, futhi ekhula ngamanani amakhulu, lolu hlobo lwesimila esibizwa ngokuthi "i-astrocytoma" luyakhiwa. I-World Health Organization (WHO) ihlukanise la mathumba ngezigaba. Ngakho-ke, "ibanga lesi-3" lisho ukuthi lolu uhlobo olusakazeka ngokushesha futhi olunzima kakhulu . Ngaphambilini, lokhu kwakubizwa nangokuthi "i-anaplastic astrocytoma". Kungenzeka ukuthi uke walibona leli gama emibikweni yezokwelapha yakudala (imibiko ye-pathology). Kwakungo-2021 kuphela lapho leli gama lashintshwa laba "ibanga lesi-3 astrocytoma" ukuze kucaciswe ukuxilongwa.

Lokhu kuyashesha futhi kubucayi kakhulu kune-"grade 1" kanye ne-"grade 2". Futhi, kungasakazeka kusukela lapho kwaqala khona kuye ezicutshini zobuchopho ezizungezile . Yingakho kubizwa nangokuthi i-astrocytoma "eyingozi" noma "esezingeni eliphezulu".

Ama-astrocytoma ayiqembu elincane leqembu elikhulu lama-tumors abizwa ngokuthi "ama-gliomas." Leli qembu lama-gliomas alihlanganisi ama-astrocytoma kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinye izinhlobo zama-tumors obuchopho njenge-"ependymomas" kanye ne-"oligodendrogliomas."

Nakuba lesi simila sinamandla kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo ze-astrocytoma, izindaba ezinhle ukuthi singelapheka . Kunezindlela zokwelapha ezifana nokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kanye ne-chemotherapy. Ungase futhi ube nethuba lokubamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zemitholampilo ezicwaninga izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Emhlabeni wonke, abantu abaphakathi kuka-5 no-8 kwabayi-100,000 batholakala bene-astrocytoma yebanga lesi-3 noma i-astrocytoma yebanga lesi-4 enzima kakhulu (ebizwa nangokuthi i-glioblastoma). Lokhu kungabonakala nasezinganeni . Ama-astrocytoma ebanga lesi-3 nama-glioblastoma aqukethe cishe u-10% wazo zonke izimila zesimiso sezinzwa (ubuchopho nomgogodla) ezinganeni.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-astrocytoma yebanga lesi-3?

Izimpawu zingahluka kuye ngobukhulu besimila nokuthi sitholakala kuphi ebuchosheni. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu ezivamile zifaka:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu:Lokhu akufani nekhanda elivamile, kungase kube nzima kakhulu, kuqhubeke, futhi kubonakale kakhulu ekuseni.
• Ukudinwa: Ukuzizwa ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi uzizwa ungaphili.
• Ukuhlanza: Ikhanda elibuhlungu lingahambisana nokuhlanza, ikakhulukazi ekuseni.
• Ukushintsha kobuntu: Izinguquko ezinjengokuthukuthela kakhulu, ukucasuka, noma ukuthula kakhulu kunangaphambili.
• Ukushintsha kombono: Umbono ofiphele, umbono ophindwe kabili, njll.
• Inkinga ngokuxhumana: Ukukhubeka ngenkathi uhamba, ukuwa.
• Ubuthakathaka ezithweni: Ingalo noma umlenze ohlangothini olulodwa ungase uzizwe sengathi uyaphela amandla.
• Izimpawu zesifo sokuwa (ukuquleka): Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo ngokuzumayo kanye nokuquleka kungase kwenzeke.

Ungesabi ngoba nje unezimpawu ezimbili noma ngaphezulu kwalezi. Kodwa uma unezimpawu ezingaphezu kweyodwa, noma uma zibonakala ziba zimbi kakhulu usuku nosuku, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye ngokuthi isimila sitholakala kuphi ebuchosheni, kungase kube nezinye izimpawu ezithile. Isibonelo, uma isimila sitholakala engxenyeni engaphambili, kungase kube nezinkinga zenkumbulo kanye nobunzima bokwenza izinqumo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uma sitholakala odongeni oluseceleni lobuchopho, kungase kube namagama okukhuluma nokuqonda.

Kukuphi lapho lezi zimila zivame ukuvela khona ebuchosheni?

Le astrocytoma yebanga lesi-3 iyisimila esikhula ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi, okungukuthi, ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla. Sivame ukutholakala ebuchosheni, ingxenye enkulu yobuchopho . Ngokukhethekile, kulezi zingxenye:

• I-lobe yangaphambili
• I-lobe yesikhashana
• I-lobe ye-parietal
• I-occipital lobe

Kungani le astrocytoma yebanga lesi-3 ikhula? Yiziphi izici eziyingozi?

Akukaziwa kahle ukuthi kungani la maseli e-astrocyte eqala ukuhlukana ngokushesha kangaka. Kodwa ngokusho kocwaningo, izici ezilandelayo zingase zibe imbangela:

• Izinguquko zofuzo: Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuthinta iphesenti elincane kakhulu (ngaphansi kuka-5% weziguli).
• Ukuchayeka emisebeni e-ionizing: Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokuchayeka emisebeni ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza (isib. i-leukemia, i-lymphoma).

Nakuba lesi simo singakhula kunoma yimuphi ubudala, sivame kakhulu ezinganeni eziphakathi kweminyaka emi-5 nengu-9 kanye nakubantu abadala abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-30 nengu-50. Kuthiwa futhi amadoda anamathuba amaningi okuba naso kunabesifazane.

Ezinye izimo zofuzo zingase zihlotshaniswe nokuthuthukiswa kwe-astrocytomas yebanga lesi-3. Lezi zimo zifaka:

• Uhlobo 1 lwe-Neurofibromatosis
• I-Li-Fraumeni syndrome
• I-Tuberous sclerosis

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingabangelwa yilokhu?

Izinkinga ezingase zenzeke nge-astrocytoma yebanga lesi-3 ngezinye izikhathi zingaba yingozi empilweni, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuzazi lezi futhi.

• Ukwanda kwengcindezi yangaphakathi kobuchopho: Isimila singabangela ukwanda kwengcindezi ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesikhala ngaphakathi kobuchopho.
• Ukukhubazeka kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba wakho: Isimo esifana nokukhubazeka.
• I-Hydrocephalus: Uketshezi lunganqwabelana ebuchosheni ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kokuhamba koketshezi.

Uyithola kanjani ngokunembile lesi sifo?

Udokotela uxilonga lesi sifo ngokukubuza ngezimpawu zakho, enze ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, bese enza izivivinyo ezidingekayo. Udokotela uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini emndenini wakho oke waba nalesi sifo. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazo-oda izivivinyo ukuze banqume ezinye izifo ezinezimpawu ezifanayo.

Ezimweni eziningi, kusetshenziswa izivivinyo zesithombe ezingahlaseli ukuthola indawo nobukhulu besimila . Lokhu kungaba usizo kakhulu ekuxilongeni. Ngezinye izikhathi, i-biopsy, ehilela ukuthatha ingxenye encane yesimila, ingenziwa.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Radiology

Udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuthi uhlolwe nge-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) noma nge-CT scan (Computed Tomography scan) ukuze ubone usayizi oqondile nendawo yesimila. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungakusiza ukuthi uqonde kangcono isimila futhi uhlele ukwelashwa kwakho. Ngemva kokuxilongwa nokwelashwa, kungadingeka ukuthi uphinde uhlolwe ukuze ubone ukuthi ukwelashwa kuphumelele yini nokuthi isimila siqhuba kanjani.

Iyini indlela yokwelapha lokhu?

Lapho welapha ama-astrocytomas ebanga lesi-3, enye noma ngaphezulu yalezi zindlela ezilandelayo ivame ukusetshenziswa ndawonye:

• Ukususwa kwesimila ngokuhlinzwa
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

Ngokuvamile, zonke lezi zindlela zokwelapha ezintathu ziyasetshenziswa. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukususa isimila esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngokuhlinzwa . Kodwa-ke, kuye ngobukhulu besimila nendawo esikuyo ebuchosheni, kungase kungenzeki ukususa isimila ngokuphelele. Uma lokho kwenzeka, ukwelashwa ngemisebe kanye ne-chemotherapy kunikezwa ingxenye esele.

Kukhona nezifundo zocwaningo ezibizwa ngokuthi "izivivinyo zemitholampilo" ezenziwayo ukuthola izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha lezi zinhlobo zamathumba. Lezi zicwaninga izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha, izindlela zokuvimbela izifo, nokuningi. Udokotela wakho angaphakamisa nokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okufanele wena.

Ingabe ikhona imithi ekhethekile esetshenziswa kulokhu?

I-U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ivumile umuthi we-chemotherapy i-"Temozolomide" kubantu abadala abane-astrocytoma yebanga lesi-3. Udokotela wakho angancoma lo muthi uma isimila sakho singasabeli kahle kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Akukho muthi othize ovunyelwe izingane okwamanje.

Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?

Yebo, lokhu kwelashwa kungabangela imiphumela emibi. Udokotela wakho uzochaza lokhu ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukwelashwa, futhi uzokutshela nokuthi yini okufanele uyiqaphele ngemva kokwelashwa.

Imiphumela emibi engaba khona yokuhlinzwa:

• Ukopha
• Izifo
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• I-Hydrocephalus
• Ubuhlungu
• Izimpawu zesifo sokuwa `(Ukuquleka)`

Imiphumela emibi engaba khona yokwelashwa ngemisebe kanye ne-chemotherapy:

• Ukopha noma ukutheleleka
• Ukuqunjelwa
• Uhudo
• Ukukhathala okukhulu
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ukulahlekelwa izinwele
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Isifiso sokudla

Le miphumela emibi ayenzeki kubo bonke ngendlela efanayo. Abanye abantu bangase bazizwe kancane, abanye bangase bazizwe kakhudlwana. Kodwa kunezindlela zokulawula cishe konke lokhu.

Iyini isikhathi sokuphila ngalesi sifo?

Uma kukhulunywa ngokubikezela komuntu one-astrocytoma yebanga lesi-3, kuyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu. Izinto eziningi zithinta lokhu, okuhlanganisa impilo yakho iyonke, ubukhulu besimila, kanye nendawo esikuyo. Uma lesi sifo sitholakala futhi selashwa kusenesikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma isimila singasuswa ngokuphelele, ungalindela imiphumela emihle . Udokotela wakho uzokwazi ukukunikeza ulwazi olunembile kakhulu ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho.

Ucwaningo olulodwa lubike ukuthi izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu kubantu abane-astrocytomas yebanga lesi-3 liphakathi kuka-52% no-58%. Uma ukwelashwa kungasusa ngokuphelele isimila, izikhathi zokusinda zinde nakakhulu .

Ingabe le astrocytoma yebanga lesi-3 ingelapheka ngokuphelele?

Kuthiwa lesi simila kunzima ukusiqeda ngokuphelele, kodwa siyisimo esilawulwa kahle futhi esingelapheka . Njengoba izindlela zokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kanye ne-chemotherapy zithuthuka usuku nosuku, amathuba okuphumelela kokwelashwa manje aphezulu. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi nakuba kuyinselele ukususa isimila ngokuphelele, kuye ngobukhulu baso, ukuma kwaso, kanye nendawo yaso, akuyona into engenakwenzeka.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma unezimpawu ze-astrocytoma yebanga lesi-3 okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla, bona udokotela ngokushesha . Uma usuvele uthola ukwelashwa, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha nje lapho ubona noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi.Yisho lokho. Ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa nokwelashwa, uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka, ungesabi ukubuza ithimba lakho lezokwelapha.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Kuvamile ukuba nemibuzo eminingi uma uthola ukuxilongwa okunje. Nansi eminye imibuzo ongayibuza udokotela wakho:

• Hlobo luni lokwelashwa olungincomayo?
• Iyini imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?
• Ingabe imithi ye-chemotherapy ingasetshenziswa ukwelapha lesi simila?
• Kufanele ngizinakekele kanjani ngenkathi ngithola ukwelashwa ngemisebe kanye ne-chemotherapy?
• Iyini inkomba yokuthi isifo sami sizoba khona?
• Ingabe kukhona ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okuhlobene nesimo sami?

Okokugcina, okufanele ukukhumbule

Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ukhathazekile lapho uthola ukuthi unesimila sobuchopho. Kodwa khumbula, awuwedwa . Kukhona ithimba lodokotela abanekhono, abahlengikazi, kanye nabanye ochwepheshe bezempilo lapha ukuzokusiza, baphendule imibuzo yakho, futhi bakunakekele.

Ngezinye izikhathi, ngenxa yobukhulu nesimo sesimila, kungase kungenzeki ukusisusa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa. Kodwa-ke, ngentuthuko ekwelapheni umdlavuza, abantu abaningi bayakwazi ukunqoba lesi simo futhi baphile impilo enhle. Ngakho-ke, hlala uqinile futhi ulandele iseluleko esinikezwa odokotela bakho.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luzokusiza. Ngikufisela ukululama okusheshayo!

I- Astrocytoma, Isimila Sobuchopho, I-Anaplastic Astrocytoma, Umdlavuza, I-Astrocytoma Yebanga Lesi-3, Izimpawu Zomdlavuza Wobuchopho, Ukwelashwa Komdlavuza Wobuchopho