Ingabe ingane yakho encane iyagijima futhi igxume? Ake sifunde ngala makhono okunyakaza komzimba angavamile!

Wake wacabanga ukuthi kulula kangakanani ngathi ukwenza izinto ezifana nokuhamba, ukugijima, nokuvayizisa izingalo zethu? Kodwa konke lokhu kunyakaza okukhulu kuyimisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi ehilela izingxenye eziningi zomzimba wethu zisebenzisana. Ikakhulukazi ekukhuleni kwengane encane, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi la makhono amakhulu okunyakaza, noma ngokwezokwelapha, amakhono amakhulu okunyakaza , akhule kahle. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizoxoxa ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe.

Yiziphi lezi zinto ezibizwa ngokuthi amakhono okunyakaza aphelele?

Kalula nje, amakhono okunyakaza komzimba ahlanganisa imisipha emikhulu emizimbeni yethu. Cabanga ngemisipha emikhulu emilenzeni, ezingalweni nasezinqeni zakho. Igama elithi "gross" lisho "omkhulu." "Motor" lisho "ukunyakaza." Ngakho-ke, izinto ezifana nokuhamba nokuqhweba zibizwa ngokuthi amakhono okunyakaza komzimba angavamile.

Ukuze la makhono okunyakaza komzimba asebenze kahle, izingxenye eziningana zomzimba wethu kudingeka zisebenze kahle. Uyazi ukuthi ziyini lezo?

• Imisipha Yamathambo: Lena yimisipha enikeza amandla adingekayo ukuze kwenziwe ukunyakaza.
• Amathambo: Imisipha yethu inamathele kula mathambo. Yilokhu okunikeza imizimba yethu uhlaka lwamathambo.
• Imizwa: Empeleni, lezi yizo ezithwala imiyalezo esuka ebuchosheni iye emisipheni, ithi, "Yile ndlela okufanele ihambe ngayo, yile ndlela okufanele yenzeke ngayo."

Ngaphezu kwalezi zinto, kunezinye izinto eziningana ezihlotshaniswa nala makhono okunyakaza komzimba:

• Ibhalansi: Ukugcina ibhalansi yomzimba.
• Ukuxhumanisa: Ikhono lokuxhumanisa nokwenza ukunyakaza kahle.
• Ukuqwashisa ngomzimba kanye nokuqwashisa ngendawo: Ukuqwashisa ngomzimba wakho kanye nendawo okuyo.
• Isikhathi sokusabela: Ikhono lokusabela ngokushesha lapho kwenzeka okuthile.

Lezi zinkinga ezinkulu zokulawula ukusebenza komzimba zingavela kunoma yimuphi ubudala. Kodwa-ke, odokotela bagxila kakhulu kula makhono ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwengane . Ukuthuthukiswa kwengane yindlela ingane yakho ekhula futhi ishintsha ngayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ochwepheshe bahlukanisa intuthuko yengane ezindaweni ezine eziyinhloko:

• Intuthuko yomzimba: Yilapho amakhono okunyakaza komzimba afanele khona.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo: Ukuthuthukiswa kokucabanga nokuqonda.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kolimi: Ukuthuthukiswa kokukhuluma nokuqonda ulimi.
• Ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi ngokomzwelo: Ukuthuthukisa indlela yokuxhumana nabanye kanye nendlela yokuphatha imizwa yomuntu.

Odokotela banaka kakhulu la makhono okunyakaza okukhulu ngoba ukubambezeleka kwala makhono kungaba uphawu lwezimo ezithile zezinzwa. Ngakho-ke,Uma usheshe uqaphele into efana nale, kulapho ungashesha ukunikeza ingane usizo eludingayo.

Yiziphi izibonelo zamakhono okunyakaza komzimba aphelele empilweni yansuku zonke?

Lezi zinto esizenzayo nsuku zonke ziyizibonelo zamakhono okunyakaza komzimba aphelele:

• Ukuma unganyakazi
• Ukuhamba ngezinyawo
• Ukugijima
• Ukuhlala uqonde ngaphandle kokusekelwa umhlane
• Ukuhlafuna ukudla (lokhu kusebenzisa nemisipha yomhlathi)
• Ukugxuma
• Ukujikijela okhalweni
• Ukugoba phambili
• Ukuthuthumela, ukusonta intamo
• Ukuphakamisa izandla
• Ukuvayiza

Amakhono okuhlanganisa izandla namehlo kanye namakhono okuhlanganisa unyawo namehlo, okungukuthi, izinto ezihilela izandla namehlo, noma izinyawo namehlo, ukusebenza ndawonye, ​​​​amakhono okunyakaza komzimba aphelele:

• Ukuphonsa nokubamba ibhola
• Ukukhahlela ibhola
• Ukushayela inqola ngezandla zombili njengabadlali besekisi
• Ukweqa
• Ukubhukuda
• Ukugibela ibhayisikili, i-skateboard
• Ama-rollerblades noma ukuskiya eqhweni

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Gross Motor Skills kanye ne-Fine Motor Skills?

Sithi amakhono okunyakaza okukhulu yizinyathelo ezinkulu esizenzayo sisebenzisa imisipha emikhulu. Ngakho-ke ayini amakhono okunyakaza amahle ? Yizinyathelo ezincane, ezicashile, neziqondile esizenzayo ngalezi zingxenye zethu:

• Isihlakala, izandla neminwe
• Amaqakala, izinyawo, nezinzwane

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalokhu okubili ukuthi ukunyakaza kwenzeka kuphi, kanye nenani lokunyakaza. Cabanga ngakho, ubhala. Lelo ikhono elihle lokunyakaza. Kudinga imisipha emincane eminweni yakho nasesihlakaleni sakho ukuze kuhambe kahle nangokunembile. Kodwa ukuzulazula kuyikhono elikhulu lokunyakaza. Kudinga imisipha emikhulu emahlombe akho nasezingalweni ezingaphezulu ukuze kuhambe kakhulu. Imisipha yakho yesiqu nayo iyasiza kulokhu.

Kodwa-ke, zombili lezi zinhlobo zamakhono okunyakaza komzimba zidinga ukuhlanganiswa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwemisipha yethu, amathambo, kanye nesimiso sezinzwa. Izingane ezincane zithuthukisa amakhono okunyakaza komzimba kuqala. Amakhono okunyakaza komzimba amahle akhula kamuva.

Kungani la makhono okunyakaza komzimba ebaluleke kangaka?

Ukunyakaza kuyingxenye yempilo yethu yansuku zonke. Njengoba amakhono ethu amakhulu okunyakaza komzimba ethuthuka, imizimba yethu iyashintsha, futhi njengoba imizimba yethu ishintsha, la makhono athuthuka. Amakhono amasha, athuthukisiwe okunyakaza komzimba asenza sikwazi ukuhlola indawo esizungezile kabanzi, sifunde izinto ezintsha, futhi senze izinto ezintsha.

Kalula nje, amakhono okunyakaza abalulekile ekushukumeni kwethu, ukuzimela, kanye nempilo yethu iyonke.

Uma kukhona ubuthakathaka kunoma yiliphi lala makhono, kungathinta izici eziningi zokuphila. Kungenza kube nzima ukwenza imisebenzi ebalulekile yansuku zonke, futhi kungathinta nokuzethemba kanye nokuzethemba.

Abaluleke kangakanani la makhono okunyakaza komzimba ekuthuthukisweni kwezingane ezincane?

Amakhono okunyakaza avamile aqala ebuntwaneni. Abe esekhula phakathi nobuntwana. Odokotela nabazali balandelela lokhu kukhula ngokubheka izigaba zokukhula . Lokhu ukuziphatha okuphawula izigaba ezahlukene zokukhula okuvamile. Ingane ngayinye ikhula ngesivinini sayo. Kodwa-ke, izingane eziningi zidlula ezinguqukweni ezithile cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba zikhula.

Nazi ezinye zezinyathelo ezibalulekile zamakhono okunyakaza kwabantwana abancane nabancane (futhi kunezinye, akunjalo?):

Kusukela ezinyangeni ezingu-0 kuya kwezingu-6:

• Ijika iye phambili nangemuva, futhi iye ngakolunye uhlangothi.
• Bahlala besekelwa, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana bangahlala ngaphandle kokusekelwa.

Kusukela ezinyangeni ezingu-6 kuya kwezingu-12:

• Ukukhasa phambili.
• Ukusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye. Isibonelo, ukusuka endaweni yokuhlala kuya endaweni yokuguqa.
• Bahamba besekelwa, bebambelele kokuthile.

Izinyanga ezingu-12 kuya kwezingu-18:

• Uhlala phansi, uguqa ngamadolo, uhamba (mhlawumbe eyedwa).

Kusukela ezinyangeni ezingu-18 kuya eminyakeni engu-2:

• Uhamba kahle.
• Ukuzama ukugijima.
• Uhamba ngenkathi edonsa noma ephakamisa ithoyizi.
• Ukhuphuka futhi wehla izitebhisi ngokusekelwa.

Uneminyaka emi-3 ubudala:

• Bagxuma endaweni yabo izinyawo zabo zihlangene.
• Uhamba ngezinyawo.
• Ukugibela ibhayisikili elinamasondo amathathu.
• Ubamba ibhola (esebenzisa izingalo, umzimba, kanye nesifuba).

Uneminyaka engu-4 ubudala:

• Ukuma ngomlenze owodwa cishe imizuzwana emihlanu.
• Ukukhahlela ibhola phambili.
• Ukuhamba uqonde ngqo emgqeni.
• Ukugijima uzungeze izithiyo.

Uneminyaka emi-5 ubudala:

• Ukuhamba ubuyela emuva kusukela ezithendeni kuya ezinzwaneni.
• Ukubamba ibhola elincane usebenzisa izandla ezimbili kuphela.
• Uma othile ekuyala, ugxuma phambili ngomlenze owodwa (ugxuma).

Uneminyaka engu-6 ubudala:

• Ukuhamba ngomsebe wokulinganisela.
• Intambo yokugxuma.
• Ukuphonsa nokubamba ibhola njengoba kulindelekile.

Amakhono okunyakaza komzimba ayaqhubeka nokukhula nokuqina ngale kwalezi zigaba zobudala. Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi ingane ngayinye ikhula ngesivinini sayo. Uma unenkinga mayelana nezinyathelo zokunyakaza komzimba zengane yakho, khuluma nodokotela wezingane.

La makhono okunyakaza akhula kanjani?

Ukunyakaza kokuqala okukhulu kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhula kombungu . Okusho ukuthi, ngesikhathi umntwana esesesibelethweni sikanina. Ngesikhathi umbungu usengaphakathi kwesibeletho, ukhahlela imilenze yakhe futhi unikine izingalo zakhe. Iningi lomama liqala ukuzwa lokhu kukhahlela nokukhahlela cishe emavikini angu-19.

Ngemva kokuzalwa, la makhono okunyakaza komzimba akhula ngokushesha. Athuthukiswa njengezinto ezizenzakalelayo (izinto ezenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo, hhayi ngokuzithandela kwethu) nanjengezinyathelo ezinenjongo.Isibonelo, uma ubamba umntwana osanda kuzalwa eqonde phezulu bese ubeka izinyawo zakhe endaweni eqinile, ngokuvamile uzoshukumisa imilenze yakhe njengokungathi uyahamba. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-reflex yokunyathela kosana olusanda kuzalwa."

Ukunyakaza okunenjongo kuvame ukukhula kusukela ekhanda kuye phansi . Izingane ziqala ngokufunda ukuphakamisa amakhanda azo ngenkathi zikhasa. Bese zifunda ukuziphakamisa ngezandla zazo. Okulandelayo, zivame ukufunda ukuguqa ngezandla nezinyawo zazo, bese ekugcineni zifunda ukuhamba.

Njengoba imisipha yengane iqina futhi ubuchopho bayo buqhubeka nokukhula, la makhono okunyakaza ayinkimbinkimbi futhi ayinkimbinkimbi ayaba mancane futhi ayinkimbinkimbi. Amakhono okunyakaza aqhubekayo ayaqhubeka nokukhula futhi abe yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu phakathi nobuntwana kanye nobusha. Isibonelo, lapho izingane zineminyaka engu-6 ubudala, iningi lazo lingagxuma ngomlenze owodwa uma othile ezifundisa. Lokhu kunyakaza kudinga inhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi yamandla emisipha, ibhalansi, ukuhambisana, kanye nesikhathi.

Izinsana nezingane ezincane zifunda amakhono amaningi okunyakaza komzimba ngokusebenzisana nendawo ezizungezile. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela zokusiza ingane yakho ukuzijwayeza la makhono.

Ungayisiza kanjani ingane yakho ithuthukise amakhono okunyakaza komzimba?

Ukudlala kuyindlela eyinhloko izingane ezincane ezithuthukisa ngayo amakhono okunyakaza komzimba. Ikakhulukazi ukudlala okuqondiswe emgomweni . Okusho ukuthi, ukudlala kwenziwa kucatshangelwa umgomo (njengokufunda okuthile okusha) noma ukuqeda umsebenzi.

Nazi ezinye izindlela ongasiza ngazo ingane yakho noma ingane encane ukuthuthukisa amakhono ayo okunyakaza komzimba:

• Khuthaza ukukhasa: Ngesikhathi ingane yakho ikhasa, beka ithoyizi eduze kwengalo, kodwa kungabi seduze kakhulu ukuba ingalithinta. Kufanele ube seduze kwayo.
• Dala izifundo zezithiyo ezifanele ubudala: Lokhu kusiza izingane ezincane ukuthi zifunde ukulinganisela nokuthi zingabhekana kanjani nezithiyo. Cabanga ngokukhasa ngaphansi kwesihlalo noma ukugxuma phezu komcamelo.
• Hamba nomntwana wakho omncane uye naye epaki: Ngokuvamile kuba namathoyizi nemisebenzi engamsiza ukuthi azijwayeze amakhono ahlukahlukene okunyakaza komzimba.
• Khuthaza ingane yakho ukuthi idlale: Zijwayeze amakhono afanele nayo ekhaya. Isibonelo, ukukhahlela ibhola noma ukushaya ibhola ngenduku.
• Faka ingane yakho emisebenzini yasekhaya efanelana nobudala bayo: izinto ezifana nokuhlanza itafula noma ukubeka okuthile emgqonyeni kadoti. Ngisho noma ingayenzi kahle le misebenzi, izofunda kuyo.

Yiziphi izimbangela zokuntuleka okukhulu kwamakhono okunyakaza?

Uma kunenkinga nganoma iyiphi yalezi zingxenye zomzimba wethu, ingathinta amakhono okunyakaza komzimba:

• Ubuchopho
• Umhlonzo
• Izinzwa ezingaphandle kobuchopho nomgogodla (izinzwa ezingaphandle kobuchopho nomgogodla)
• Imisipha
• Amalunga
• Amathambo

Ngakho-ke, kunezimo eziningi zezokwelapha ezingaphazamisa amakhono okunyakaza komzimba. Ukukhubazeka kungaba okuncane noma okukhulu. Amakhono okunyakaza komzimba angakhula futhi sekwephuzile (sekwephuzile) noma kungaba nezinkinga ezingapheli ngala makhono.

Izimo ezithinta izinsana nezingane ezincane:

Nazi ezinye zazo (hhayi zodwa):

• Isifo se-Autism Spectrum
• Ukukhubazeka Kwengqondo
• Ukulibaziseka Kokuthuthukiswa
• I-Down Syndrome nezinye izimo zofuzo
• I-Dyspraxia (Inkinga Yokuhlela Ukuthuthukiswa) - Lokhu kuhilela izinkinga ngokuhlelwa kokunyakaza.
• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi: Ezinye izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi zingase zibe nezinkinga zempilo ezithinta ukukhula kwazo okukhulu kwemisipha.

Izimo ezithinta izingane ezincane kanye nabantu abadala:

Ezinye zalezi ziyi:

• Isimila sobuchopho
• Izinkinga zokunyakaza, njenge- ataxia (ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi) kanye ne-spasticity (ukuqina kwemisipha).
• Ukungasebenzi Kwemisipha
• I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS) (evame kakhulu kubantu abadala)
• Ukulimala kwemisipha, imizwa, amalunga kanye namathambo
• Ukulimala komgogodla
• Isifo sohlangothi (esivame kakhulu kubantu abadala)

Izimo ezithinta abantu abadala kuphela (ikakhulukazi):

Ezinye zalezi ziyi:

• I-Dementia ( ukwehla kwenkumbulo nokuhlakanipha)
• Isifo sikaHuntington
• Isifo sikaParkinson
• I-Peripheral Neuropathy

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela mayelana namakhono okunyakaza aphelele?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho ayihlangabezani nemigomo yekhono lokunyakaza, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wezingane. Udokotela uzobuza imibuzo mayelana nokukhathazeka kwakho futhi angase enze nokuhlolwa uma kudingeka.

Uma wena noma ingane yakho inokwehla kwamakhono okunyakaza komzimba, okusho ukuthi ibonakala ilahlekelwa amakhono ayo angaphambilini, bona udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu. Ikakhulukazi uma ukwehla kwenzeka ngokuzumayo, njengoba kungaba uphawu lwesimo esibucayi esiyisisekelo.

Okokugcina, into ebaluleke kakhulu

Amakhono okunyakaza komzimba ayinto ekhula kuyo yonke impilo, kusukela esigabeni sokuzalwa kuya ebuntwaneni. Izinsana nezingane ezincane zithuthukisa la makhono njengoba zihlola indawo ezizungezile. Kodwa kunemisebenzi eminingi ongayenza ukuze uzisize ngalokhu kukhula.

Khumbula, uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ngamakhono okunyakaza kwengane yakho, akukaze kube sekwephuzile ukukhuluma nodokotela ngakho. Kunezimo eziningana ezingathinta lokhu kunyakaza. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kungenza umehluko omkhulu enganeni yakho.

Amakhono Okunyakaza Okuphelele , Ukuthuthukiswa Kwengane, Imisipha, Ukunyakaza, Ukudlala, Izinyathelo Zokukhula, Impilo Yengane