Ingabe udokotela wakho uke wakhuluma nawe 'ngokufakelwa inhliziyo' ngenxa yenkinga yenhliziyo? Noma uke wezwa ngakho kodwa awazi kahle? Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi unelukuluku ngakho ngoba kuwukuhlinzwa okungathi sína kakhulu futhi okuyinkimbinkimbi. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi kuyini ukufakelwa inhliziyo nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nakho, kalula nangokucacile.
Kalula nje, kuyini ukufakelwa inhliziyo?
Kalula nje, ukufakelwa inhliziyo ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo yakho egulayo, engasebenzi kahle bese kufakwa inhliziyo enempilo kumuntu onikelayo. Lokhu akusikho ukuhlinzwa okuvamile. Kuyindlela yokugcina yokwelapha umuntu onesifo senhliziyo esisesigabeni sokugcina ongakwazi ukwelapheka nganoma yimuphi omunye umuthi noma ukwelashwa . Kodwa-ke, njengoba kunenani elilinganiselwe lezinhliziyo ezinikelayo, kufanele uhlangabezane nezindinganiso ezithile eziqinile ukuze ufanelekele lokhu kuhlinzwa.
Ubani odinga ukufakelwa inhliziyo?
Lokhu kwelashwa kuyadingeka kubantu abanenhliziyo eyonakele unomphela futhi ababuthakathaka kakhulu ukupompa igazi elanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zomzimba. Kunezimo eziningana eziyinhloko ezingabangela lokhu.
| Isimo sezokwelapha | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| I-cardiomyopathy | Noma yisiphi isifo esonakalisa imisipha yenhliziyo. Lokhu kungabangelwa izinto ezifana nokutheleleka, izakhi zofuzo, njll. Ngezinye izikhathi imbangela ayaziwa. |
| Isifo Semithambo Yenhliziyo | Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni. Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okubangelwa yilokhu kungabangela umonakalo ongenakuguqulwa enhliziyweni. |
| Isifo Senhliziyo Esizalwa Naso | Ukukhubazeka kwesakhiwo senhliziyo okukhona lapho kuzalwa. Ezinye zalezi ziphazamiso zingagcina zibangele ukuthi inhliziyo iyeke ukusebenza futhi kudingeke ukuthi kufakwe esinye isisu. |
| Isifo Senhliziyo Se-Valvular | Izifo ezibangelwa ukulimala kwama-valve enhliziyweni. |
Kungani lokhu kuhlinzwa kungavamile kangaka?
Ukufakelwa inhliziyo akuvamile kakhulu. Kunezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko zalokhu:
- Ukushoda kwabanikeli: Kudingeka kube nomuntu onganikela ngenhliziyo enempilo. Futhi, umnikeli kanye nomemukeli kumele babe nohlobo lwegazi oluhambisanayo futhi babe nobukhulu obufanayo. Uma lokhu "kufana" kungaphelele, umzimba unamathuba amaningi okwenqaba inhliziyo entsha.
- Ubunzima bokuhlinzwa: Lokhu ukuhlinzwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Izibhedlela ezimbalwa kuphela ezinezikhungo ezikhethekile kanye nobuchwepheshe ezingenza lokhu kuhlinzwa.
Kwenzekani ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa? (Inqubo)
Lokhu akuyona into eyenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lena inqubo ende.
1. Ukudluliselwa ngudokotela wakho: Okokuqala, udokotela wakho okwelaphayo kufanele akuthumele esibhedlela esinohlelo lokufakelwa inhliziyo.
2. Ukuhlolwa: Okulandelayo, uzohlolwa kahle ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ukufanele kangakanani lokhu kuhlinzwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi udinga ukusebenzisa kahle usayizi wenhliziyo olinganiselwe. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuqukethe izinto eziningana:
- Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi, umchamo, ukusebenza kwezinso, izifo ezahlukahlukene (i-HIV, i-Hepatitis, i-Tuberculosis). Futhi, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa okuningi njenge-X-ray, (CT) scans, (MRI), (Echocardiogram), (ECG). Kubalulekile ukuyeka ngokuphelele utshwala, ukubhema (kufaka phakathi i-vaping), kanye nezinye izidakamizwa.
- Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo kanye nokuhlolwa kwezinzwa: Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuzoba ushintsho olukhulu empilweni yakho. Ikhono lakho lokubhekana nakho ngokwengqondo kanye nokusekelwa okuthola emndenini wakho nakho kuzohlolwa.
- Ukuhlolwa kwamazinyo: Ungamangali, impilo yamazinyo inomthelela omkhulu enhliziyweni. Ukutheleleka kwamazinyo kungadlula egazini kuye enhliziyweni futhi kubangele umonakalo.
3. Uhlu Lokulinda: Uma uphumelela kuzo zonke lezi zivivinyo, uzofakwa ohlwini lokulinda. Indawo yakho kulolu hlu izonqunywa ubukhali besimo sakho.
4. Ukwelashwa Ngebhuloho: Leli igama elinikezwa ukwelashwa okunikezwa ukuphatha isimo sakho kuze kube yilapho inhliziyo itholakala. Lokhu kungalawulwa ngemithi, noma umshini osebenza ukusiza inhliziyo (njenge-"Left Ventricular Assist Device - LVAD") ungaxhunywa okwesikhashana emzimbeni.
Indlela ukuhlinzwa okwenziwa ngayo
Uma usutshelwe ukuthi inhliziyo efanayo itholakele, uzobe usulungele ukuhlinzwa. Lena inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi engathatha amahora amaningana.
- Okokuqala, uzobekwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uzolala ubuthongo obukhulu lapho ungeke uzwe lutho khona.
- Okulandelayo, uzoxhunywa emshinini obizwa ngokuthi ``i-ventilator'' ukuze uqhubeke nokuphefumula kwakho.
- Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, uzoxhunywa emshinini okhethekile obizwa ngokuthi umshini we-cardiopulmonary bypass ukuze wenze umsebenzi wenhliziyo namaphaphu akho. Lo mshini yiwona ogcina igazi lakho lijikeleza emzimbeni wakho wonke.
- Ngemuva kwalokho, odokotela abahlinzayo basusa ngokucophelela inhliziyo yakho enesifo.
- Ekugcineni, inhliziyo enikelwe kahle iyathathwa, ixhunywe emithanjeni yakho yegazi eyinhloko, bese ibuyiselwa ekusebenzeni.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlinzwa?
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela cishe isonto elilodwa kuya kwamathathu. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala, uzoba seYunithi Yokunakekelwa Okujulile (ICU), lapho uzoqashwa khona amahora angama-24 ngosuku.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya. Qiniseka ukuthi uyazi ukuthi ungayithatha kanjani imithi yakho, udle kanjani, uvivinye umzimba, futhi uqaphele izici eziyingozi.
Ungase futhi ucelwe ukuthi ujoyine uhlelo lokuvuselela inhliziyo, oluzokusiza ukuthi uthuthukise kancane kancane amandla akho kanye nokusebenza kwenhliziyo.
Ukucindezelwa Kwamasosha Omzimba
Lokhu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Cabanga ngomzimba wakho njengezwe. Amasosha omzimba yibutho lalelo zwe. Noma yini evela ngaphandle (amagciwane, amagciwane) ibonwa yileli butho njengesitha futhi ihlaselwe. Njengoba inhliziyo entsha nayo 'iyinto engavamile' emzimbeni, leli butho lizama ukuyihlasela. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ukwenqatshwa kwezitho zomzimba" .
Ukuze uvimbele lokhu, kuzodingeka uthathe imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba impilo yakho yonke. Le mithi isebenza ngokunciphisa amandla alelo butho nokuvimbela inhliziyo entsha ukuthi ingashayi.
Ziyini izingozi zalokhu kuhlinzwa?
Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa okukhulu, kunezingozi. Eziyinhloko yilezi:
- Ukwenqatshwa kwezitho zenhliziyo entsha.
- Ingozi eyengeziwe yokutheleleka ngenxa yemithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba.
- Izinkinga ngemithambo yegazi enhliziyweni etshaliwe (i-Cardiac allograft vasculopathy - CAV)
- Isifo sezinso.
- Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (i-Hypertension).
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (i-Arrhythmias).
- Ingozi yomdlavuza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (ngenxa yemithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba).
Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa nawe ngalezi zingozi ngokuningiliziwe.
Izimpawu ezidinga i-ETU esheshayo (i-Emergency Treatment Unit)
Uma ubona into efana nale usekhaya, shesha uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) oseduze noma ushayele u-1990.
- Imfiva.
- Ubomvu noma uketshezi oluphuma enxebeni lokuhlinzwa.
- Ubomvu noma ukufudumala okuzungeze inxeba.
- Umuzwa wokuthi ithambo lakho lesifuba (sternum) liyanyakaza, lenza umsindo "wokuchofoza" uma unyakaza.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukufakelwa inhliziyo kuyindlela yokugcina yokuthola isifo senhliziyo esibi esingenakwelashwa nganoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lokwelashwa.
- Lena inqubo ende futhi eyinkimbinkimbi. Kunezinto eziningi okufanele ziphathwe ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa.
- Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kuzodingeka uthathe imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba impilo yakho yonke ukuze uvimbele umzimba wakho ekwenqabeni inhliziyo entsha.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo yezokwelapha ngqo, ukuya emitholampilo ngesikhathi, nokugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo.
- Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuyithuba elisindisa impilo. Ngokuthuthuka kwezokwelapha zesimanje, kungenzeka ukuphila impilo enempilo iminyaka eminingi, ngisho namashumi eminyaka, ngemva kokufakelwa isitho.
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