Ingabe une-blood clot emzimbeni wakho? Ake sifunde nge-hematoma kalula!

Wake washaya into ethile kanzima yaphenduka yaba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, yavuvukala, futhi yaba buhlungu lapho uyithinta? Noma wake waphawula ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi, ngisho noma kungekho ukulimala, isikhumba sishintsha umbala ngokuzumayo bese kuvela ihlule legazi? Yilokho esizokhuluma ngakho namuhla, okubizwa ngokuthi i-hematoma . Akukho okufanele ukwesabe, ake sixoxe ngakho kalula.

Iyini le hematoma?

Kalula nje, i-hematoma iqoqo legazi emzimbeni wakho elingenandlela yokuphuma. Cabanga ngakho njengepayipi lamanzi eliphukile eliqoqa amanzi endaweni eyodwa, kodwa lokhu kwenzeka emzimbeni wakho. Lapho leli gazi liqoqana, izicubu ezizungezile ziqala ukuphuma. Ama-hematoma amancane avame kakhulu futhi angakhula noma kuphi emzimbeni. Esikhathini esiningi, awabi mandundu futhi azophola ngokwawo.

Kodwa-ke, amanye ama-hematoma angaba makhulu impela, noma uma akheka eduze kwesitho esibalulekile, angabeka ingcindezi enkulu ezicutshini ezizungezile. Yilapho-ke lokhu kuba yisimo esidinga ukukhathazeka okuthile. Kodwa akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho ngama-hematoma amancane, angabalulekile kangako.

Zikhona yini izinhlobo ze-hematoma?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-hematoma kuye ngokuthi akheka kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko:

• Ama-hematomas ebele
• I-Cephalohematomas ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa
• Izinhlobo zama-hematoma ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwekhanda, okungukuthi, ngaphakathi kogebhezi. Isibonelo , ama-hematoma angaphansi kwe-dural kanye nama-hematoma e-epidural ayingozi kakhulu.
• Izimo ezinjengokuphuma kwegazi emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi i-hemoperitoneum .
• Ama-hematomas ayenzeka emisipheni, njenge- rectus sheath hematomas, ayenzeka eduze kwemisipha yesisu.
• Ama-hematoma e-subchorionic angenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• I- subungual hematoma iwukuphuka okwakheka ngaphansi kozipho. Ngezinye izikhathi, uzipho esandleni noma onyaweni lwakho luba lukhuni futhi lube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanjalo nje.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-hematoma?

Uma i-hematoma inkulu, kulapho amathuba okubonisa izimpawu enyuka khona. Ngokufanayo, izimpawu zingavela uma zigcinwe endaweni encane noma uma zakha eduze kwezicubu ezibalulekile.

Izimpawu ezivamile

Nazi ezinye zezimpawu ezivamile:

• Ubuhlungu: Njengoba ama-hematomas evame ukwenzeka ngemva kwengozi, ubuhlungu buyisibonakaliso esiyinhloko. Kuzwakala njengobuhlungu obukhulu endaweni ethintekile.
• Ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba: Kungenzeka ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi isikhumba sakho sishintsha umbala ngenxa ye-hematoma eseduze nesikhumba. Ngezinye izikhathi ibukeka njengamachashazi amancane abomvu ( i-Petechiae).(okubizwa ngokuthi i-purpura), noma kungaba amabala amakhulu ansomi (okubizwa ngokuthi i-purpura ), noma kungaba imivimbo emikhulu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esiyaziyo.
• Ukuvuvukala: Ukuqongelela kwegazi kungakhipha izicubu ezizungezile, njengesikhumba noma imisipha, bese kubangela ukuthi zivuvuke. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-edema , kodwa uma sithi ukuvuvukala, uthola umqondo.
• Izimpawu ezihlobene nemizwa: Ngezinye izikhathi le hematoma ingacindezela imizwa. Lokhu kungabangela ukungazweli ezithweni (okubizwa ngokuthi i-paresthesia ), ukulahlekelwa umuzwa ezindaweni ezithile, noma ubuhlungu obuhlobene nemizwa.

Izimpawu eziyingozi - qaphela lezi!

Amanye ama-hematoma ayingozi kancane, ikakhulukazi lawo akheka ngaphakathi kwekhanda. Ngoba isikhala segazi esiqongelela ngaphakathi kwekhanda lethu sincane kakhulu. Lapho igazi elinjalo liqongelela, lingacindezela ubuchopho futhi libangele ukulimala kobuchopho. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukuqaphela kakhulu ngalezi zimpawu.

Izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ze-hematoma yangaphakathi kwekhanda

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu elibi kakhulu nelingalindelekile.
• Ukuzizwa sengathi uhlangothi olulodwa lomzimba noma olunye uhlangothi lobuso luyaphela, uzizwa ubuthakathaka.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma (i-Aphasia) noma ubunzima bokugwinya (i-Dysphagia).
• Ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi, ukungakwazi ukuhamba kahle, kanye nokungakwazi ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi yemisipha (ataxia).
• Ukuba nokuxhuzula.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, ukungena e-coma.

Izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ze-hematoma enkulu esifubeni noma esiswini

Ngokufanayo, uma inani elikhulu legazi liqongelela esifubeni noma esiswini bese kwakha i-hematoma, kungadala nezimpawu eziyingozi. Lezi yizi:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula, izinguquko emaphethini okuphefumula. Isibonelo, ukuphefumula kungaba ngokushesha ( tachypnea ) noma kube kancane ( bradypnea ).
• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma besisu.
• Ukuphazima kwesikhumba ngokuzumayo (ukufiphala), ukuzizwa ubanda, nokujuluka.
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu, ikakhulukazi ubuhlungu obuzwakala bukhulu kakhulu kunengozi engaba khona noma obungenakuchazeka.

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-hematoma?

Imbangela eyinhloko ye-hematoma izingozi . Uma ushaya into enzima (ukuhlukumezeka ngamandla), igazi liqala ukugeleza ngaphakathi emzimbeni, futhi igazi alinandawo yokuya, ngakho-ke kwakheka i-hematoma. Cabanga ngakho uma uwela ndawana thize, noma uma ushaya into ethile.

Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, noma ngabe kukhona okubambekile emzimbeni wakho (ukulimala okungena), i-hematoma ingakheka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umzimba uvala ngokushesha inxeba ukuze umise ukuphuma kwegazi (inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-hemostasis ). Kodwa-ke, uma inxeba liqhubeka nokopha ngaphakathi ngemva kokuba selivaliwe, i-hematoma ingakheka.

Ngenxa yezingozi

Ezinye izimo ezithile ezingabangela i-hematoma ehlobene nengozi zifaka:

• Ukuphuka kwamathambo , ikakhulukazi uma ithambo liphukile ngokuphelele.
• Izimo ezinjengokuphuka kwekhala, ukwaphuka kobuso, noma ukulimala kwe-cartilage endlebeni, njenge-'cauliflower ear'.
• Ukulimala ekhanda kanye nokulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu , ikakhulukazi ukuphuma kwegazi ngaphakathi kobuchopho .
• Ukulimala kwezitho zangaphakathi , ikakhulukazi uma kukhona ukopha okukhulu.
• Izinto ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Isibonelo, ukushaywa komthambo lapho kufakwa umugqa we-IV engalweni, noma ukopha kwangaphakathi ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
• Ukuphuka kwemisipha.
• Ukuqhekeka okuhlukahlukene nokudabuka kwezicubu emzimbeni.
• Ukulimala okubangelwa ukwelula, njengokukhubeka kwamalunga.

Ngenxa yezinye izimo zezokwelapha

Kukhona nezimo zezokwelapha ezingabangela ukwakheka kwe-hematoma, ngaphandle kwengozi yokopha ngaphakathi. Lezi yizi:

• Ukudabuka komthambo wegazi, njenge-aorta (isb., ukuqhekeka komthambo wegazi).
• Izinkinga zokuqunjelwa kwegazi - isibonelo, i-hemophilia.
• Umdlavuza wegazi - njenge-leukemia noma i-lymphoma.
• Ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi ngenxa yezimila ezikhula ngaphakathi emzimbeni (lezi zingaba yingozi noma zibe yingozi).
• Ukushaywa yigazi.
• Ukulimala kwezitho zangaphakathi ngenxa yezinto ezifana namatshe ezinso.
• Izifo ezibangela izilonda ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla.
• Ukopha ebuchosheni ngenxa yezifo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophezulu (umfutho wegazi ophakeme). (Nakuba sithi "umfutho wegazi ophezulu", leli igama lezokwelapha.)
• I-aneurysm eqhumile iyisiqhubu esifana nebhaluni emthanjeni wegazi (i-aneurysm).
• Izifo ezithelelanayo ezibangela ukopha emzimbeni, isibonelo, eminye imikhuhlane yokopha ebangelwa yigciwane.

Ingabe i-hematoma ingabangela izinkinga?

Esikhathini esiningi, i-hematoma ayibangeli izinkinga ezinkulu, kodwa uma kukhona ukopha okuningi, kungavela izinkinga. Ezinye zezinkinga ezingaba khona yilezi:

• Ukushaqeka kwe-Hypovolemic:Lokho kusho ukushaqeka okubangelwa ukulahlekelwa igazi eliningi emzimbeni.
• I-Ischemia: Uma i-hematoma icindezela umthambo wegazi, ukugeleza kwegazi kuwo kuyanqamuka, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwegazi kuleyo ndawo.
• Izimpawu zokucindezeleka kwemizwa.

Ezinye izinkinga zingase zivele kuye ngomlando wakho wezempilo kanye nezinye izici. Udokotela wakho angakweluleka kangcono ngengozi yakho ethile yezinkinga.

Ungazi kanjani ukuthi iyini i-hematoma?

Udokotela angakwazi ukuxilonga i-hematoma ngokukuhlola ngokomzimba nangokuhlola izithombe.

Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kubaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ube sengozini. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, udokotela wakho uzobheka isikhumba sakho ukuze abone noma yiziphi izinguquko, alalele nge-stethoscope, futhi aphathe kahle. Ukuthinta kahle kuyasiza ngoba i-hematoma izwakala ihlukile ekuthinteni kunezicubu ezinempilo. Udokotela wakho uzophinde akubuze ngezimpawu zakho, njengokuthi zaqala nini nokuthi zaqala kanjani.

Ama-Hematoma kulula ukuwabona ngama -imaging scan ngoba angabheka ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Ama-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan angcono kakhulu ekuboniseni ama-hematoma, ikakhulukazi lawo angaphakathi emzimbeni. Kodwa-ke, i-MRI scan ithatha isikhathi eside kunezinye izi-scans. Yingakho odokotela besebenzisa nalezi zinhlobo zezi-scans:

• I-Computed Tomography (CT) scan: Lokhu kungahlola i-hematoma engaphakathi kwekhanda ebangela ingcindezi ezicutshini zobuchopho.
• I-Angiography: Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza ukuthola izindawo zokopha emzimbeni kanye nama-hematomas ahlobene nawo.
• Ukuskena nge-ultrasound: Lokhu kungasetshenziswa ukuhlola ama-hematoma aseduze nesikhumba noma ezindaweni ezithile, njengasesibelethweni.

Kuye ngezimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wempilo yakho, udokotela wakho angase akuncomele ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Uzokutshela okwengeziwe ngokuthi lokhu kuhlolwa kungasiza kanjani.

Iphathwa kanjani i-hematoma?

Ama-hematoma amancane ngokuvamile awadingi ukwelashwa okukhulu futhi angelashwa ngezinto ezilula ongazenza ekhaya. Uma unemivimbo noma ukuklwebheka okuncane, sebenzisa indlela ye-RICE .

Izinto ezilula ongazenza ekhaya (indlela ye-RICE)

I-RICE iyinhlanganisela yezinhlamvu ezine. Isho ukuthi:

• R - Phumula: Phumula indawo elimele bese izoqala ukuphola ngokushesha.
• I - Iqhwa: Faka iphakethe leqhwa. Kodwa ungalifaki ngqo esikhumbeni, ligoqe ngendwangu encane, kungenjalo isikhumba singase siqine futhi silimale (i-frostbite) .
• C - Ukucindezela: Songa indawo elimele kahle, njengokungathi usebenzisa ibhandishi elinwebekayo.
• E - Phakamisa: Gcina indawo elimele ngaphezu kwenhliziyo yakho.

Izimo ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha

Uma i-hematoma iyingozi kakhulu, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukulawula noma yimiphi imiphumela eyingozi noma izinkinga. Isibonelo, uma kunokulahlekelwa igazi okuningi , kudingeka ukumpontshelwa igazi , noma uma inhliziyo imile , ukuvuselelwa kwenhliziyo namaphaphu (CPR) kwenziwa ukuze kulondolozwe ukujikeleza kwegazi.

Uma usuphumile engozini esheshayo, ukwelashwa kugxile ekubhekaneni nembangela ye-hematoma. Ezinye izibonelo zifaka:

• Ukuhlinzwa: Lungisa imithambo yegazi nezicubu ezonakele.
• Izindlela zokususa i-hematoma: Isibonelo, inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-centesis isebenzisa inaliti ukususa igazi eliqongelelekile emzimbeni.
• Ukulungisa amathambo aphukile nokuwabeka endaweni lapho engakwazi ukunyakaza khona.
• Ukususa igazi eliqongelelekile: Lokhu kuzonciphisa ingcindezi ezindaweni ezizungezile, futhi kuzoba lula ngomzimba ukuphulukiswa.
• Imithi: Isiza ekulawuleni umfutho wegazi, izinkinga zokujiya kwegazi, nezinye izinkinga ezihlobene.

Kuye ngesimo sakho, udokotela wakho angase asikisele ezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Uzokuchazela izinketho ezahlukene, kanye nanoma yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona noma imiphumela emibi.

Yini ongayilindela uma une-hematoma?

Uma une-hematoma, ulwazi lwakho luzoncika ezintweni eziningana. Kungathonywa ubukhulu bayo, imbangela ye-hematoma, kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Udokotela wakho uzoba umuntu ongcono kakhulu wokukutshela ukuthi yini ongayilindela nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngesimo sakho esithile. Bazokutshela nokuthi isimo sakho sizobukeka kanjani nokuthi yini ongayenza ukuze usithuthukise.

Ingabe ukwakheka kwe-hematoma kungavinjelwa?

Ama-Hematoma avame ukwakheka ngokungalindelekile, okwenza kube nzima ukuwavimbela. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto ezimbalwa ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuwathola:

• Ukuvimbela izingozi noma ukunciphisa ubukhali bazo: Lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa izimpahla zokuphepha. Isibonelo, ukugqoka isigqoko sokuzivikela, ukubopha amabhande ezimotweni. Ngisho nezinto ezincane zingenza umehluko omkhulu.
• Ukuphatha izimo ezingamahlalakhona: Lokhu kungakusiza ukuthi ubambezele noma uvimbele izimo ezibucayi ezifana nesifo sohlangothi kanye nokopha kobuchopho. Kunganciphisa nengozi yokwakheka kwe-hematoma ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwegazi/ukopha.
• Qaphela lapho uzivocavoca futhi uziqeqesha:Njengoba ama-hematoma angakheka futhi ngenxa yomonakalo emisipheni nasezicutshini ezithambile, ukuvimbela umonakalo onjalo kuzonciphisa amathuba okwakheka kwama-hematoma.

Ama-Hematoma angavela futhi ngenxa yezinye izimo zezokwelapha zesikhathi eside. Uma unaso, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezindlela zokuvimbela ama-hematoma.

Ngingazinakekela kanjani uma ngine-hematoma?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ukuze uzinakekele ukugwema ukwenza umonakalo obangele i-hematoma ube mubi kakhulu. Ukuyinika isikhathi sokuphulukiswa kuvame ukwanele. Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka mayelana nendlela yokusiza i-hematoma ukuba iphulukiswe, kufanele ukhulume nodokotela. Angakunikeza ulwazi olunembile noluwusizo oluqondene nesimo sakho.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma unalezi zinto, kufanele ukhulume noma ubonane nodokotela mayelana ne-hematoma.

Isikhathi esivame ukufuna ngaso iseluleko sezokwelapha

• Uma kukhona inxeba elingapholi ngemva kwamasonto amabili.
• Uma unezibazi ezivame ukuvela ngaphandle kokuthola imbangela, noma uma unezibazi ezihlala zibuya.
• Uma ukulimala kuhambisana nezinye izimpawu, kungaba uphawu lwenkinga enkulu eyisisekelo (isibonelo: ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ukungazweli, ukulahlekelwa umuzwa, ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba ngenxa yokujikeleza kwegazi okungekuhle).

Izimo lapho udinga ukuya esibhedlela ngokushesha!

Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, sicela ufune usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo ngokushesha. Lezi zingase zibe izimpawu zesimo esiyingozi esihlobene ne-hematoma:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.
• Ubuhlungu besifuba.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu elingazelelwe, elingabekezeleleki, nelinzima.
• Ukuba ndikindiki noma ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba.
• Ubunzima bokugcina ibhalansi.
• Izinguquko embonweni.
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma ngokucacile.
• Ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo nokuhlanza ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Nazi ezinye imibuzo ongayibuza udokotela wakho:

• "Kungani ngithole le hematoma?"
• "Kubaluleke kangakanani lokhu?"
• "Ngingayelapha yini le nto ekhaya? Noma kukhona engingakwenza ukuze ngiyinakekele?"
• "Ingabe lokhu kudinga ukwelashwa kochwepheshe? Yiziphi izindlela zami zokwelapha?"
• "Kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi i-hematoma yami iphole?"

I-hematoma ingaba yingozi kangakanani?

I-hematoma ingahluka kusukela kwencane kuya kwengathi sína. Izici eziyinhloko ezinquma ukuthi i-hematoma ingathi sína kangakanani yilezi:

• Iyini imbangela yalokho?
• Ingakanani?
• Kuphi?
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungalimaza okuthile okuzungezile, noma sekuvele kuyalimaza.
• Ukuthi lokhu kuthinteka yini yisimo sakho sempilo samanje noma sangaphambilini futhi kungenza kube kubi kakhulu.

Cabanga ngakho, i-hematoma ingaba yisilonda esincane esibangelwa ukushaya unyawo lwakho etafuleni, noma kungaba yi-blood clot ensomi ngaphansi kozipho lwakho oluvela kothile onyathela unyawo lwakho. Kodwa uma i-hematoma inkulu, isakazeke emzimbeni wakho, noma ihambisana nezimpawu ezithile, akuwona umqondo omuhle ukuyishaya indiva.

Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kungasindisa izimpilo uma kwenzeka i-hematoma enzima. Ngokufanayo, ukwelapha imivimbo emincane nokuyivumela ukuthi iphole kahle kungasiza ukuthi iphele njengoba umzimba uphola.

Okokugcina, khumbula (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngakho-ke, i-hematoma iqoqo legazi emzimbeni. Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu kubonakala njengemivimbo emincane futhi kuyaphola ngokwako. Kodwa-ke, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu ngama-hematoma amakhulu, lawo avela ekhanda, noma lawo ahambisana nezimpawu eziyingozi njengobunzima bokuphefumula, ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, kanye nokulahlekelwa ukwazi.

Uma unesilonda esincane, ungasebenzisa indlela ye-RICE (ukuphumula, iqhwa, ukucindezela, ukuphakama). Kodwa-ke, uma isilonda singathuthuki ngemva kwamasonto amabili, uma unesilonda esivame ukuvela, esingachazeki, noma uma unezinye zezimpawu eziyingozi ezishiwo ngaphambilini, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela.

Khumbula, indlela ozizwa ngayo ngomzimba wakho ibaluleke kakhulu. Uma ungabaza, akukaze kube sekwephuzile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha. Hlala uphilile!

i- hematoma, imivimbo, ukopha, ukuvuvukala, izimpawu, ukwelashwa, isixwayiso