Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa ukhathele ngendlela engavamile ngaphandle kwesizathu? Ingabe amalunga akho, ikakhulukazi amadolo nezinzwane zakho, kuyabuhlungu, futhi isikhumba sakho sibukeka simpunga noma simhlophe? Sivame ukuzilahla lezi zinto ngokuthi "yindlela esikhula ngayo." Kodwa lezi zingaba izimpawu zesimo lapho amazinga ensimbi emizimbeni yethu enyuka khona ngendlela eyingozi. Lesi simo ngokwezokwelapha sibizwa ngokuthi i-Hemochromatosis . Yilokhu esikhuluma ngakho namuhla.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Hemochromatosis?
I-Hemochromatosis yisimo lapho umzimba wakho uqoqa khona insimbi eningi kakhulu . Abanye abantu bakubiza nangokuthi " ukugcwala kwensimbi ngokweqile ."
Ngokuvamile, imizimba yethu imunca kuphela inani lensimbi esiyidingayo ekudleni esikudlayo. Kodwa-ke, kubantu abane-hemochromatosis, umzimba umunca insimbi eningi kunaleyo oyidingayo. Inkinga ukuthi ayikho indlela yokususa le nsimbi eningi emzimbeni.
Ngakho-ke umzimba uyigcinaphi le nsimbi eningi? Igcinwa emalungeni akho, kanye nasezithweni ezibalulekile njengesibindi sakho , inhliziyo , isikhumba, indlala ye-pituitary, kanye ne-pancreas . Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le nsimbi eqongelelekile iqala ukulimaza lezo zitho. Uma ingelashwa, lezi zitho zingayeka ngisho nokusebenza.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalesi sifo.
Lesi simo singahlukaniswa kakhulu sibe izinhlobo ezimbili.
1. I-Primary Hemochromatosis: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Luyifa. Kalula nje, ukuze ube nalesi sifo, kufanele uthole ifa lofuzo olunephutha kumama wakho nakubaba wakho. Uma ulithola kumzali oyedwa kuphela, ngeke ube nalesi sifo, kodwa ungase ube ngumthwali walo fuzo.
2. I-Secondary Hemochromatosis: Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yezinye izizathu. Isibonelo, lesi simo singavela kumuntu odinga ukumpontshelwa igazi njalo ngenxa yesimo esifana nokuntuleka kwegazi okukhulu.
Yini ebangela lesi simo?
Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izizathu zalokhu.
Izimbangela zofuzo (i-Primary Hemochromatosis)
Imizimba yethu inesakhi sofuzo esibizwa ngokuthi `i-HFE`. Yilokhu okulawula ukuthi simunca insimbi engakanani ekudleni esikudlayo. Izinguquko ezimbili kulesi sakhi sofuzo `i-HFE`, okungukuthi `i-C282Y` kanye ne-`i-H63D`, ziyimbangela yeziguli eziningi ezine-hemochromatosis ezizuzwe njengefa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kwezinye izakhi zofuzo, njenge-'HJV' kanye ne-'HAMP', nakho kungadala lesi sifo kubantu abambalwa (cishe u-10%-15%). Abantu abathinteka yilezi zakhi zofuzo bavame ukuba nezimpawu besebancane.
Kubangelwa ezinye izimo zezokwelapha (i-Secondary Hemochromatosis)
Lolu hlobo luvame ukubangelwa ukumpontshelwa igazi njalo ngenxa yezimo ezifana ne-anemia enzima (njenge-sickle cell anemia) noma ukwehluleka komongo wethambo. Amaseli abomvu egazi anikelwayo uma unikela ngegazi aqukethe insimbi eningi. Njengoba umzimba ungenandlela yokususa le nsimbi, aqala ukunqwabelana.
Futhi, ukulimala kwesibindi, isibonelo, ngenxa yesifo sesibindi esinamafutha ( i-cirrhosis ) noma i-hepatitis B noma C engapheli, kungabangela ukuthi insimbi iqongeleleke emzimbeni.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo?
Nakuba noma ubani engaba ne-hemochromatosis, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unalezi zici eziyingozi noma cha, uma unezimpawu, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela.
| Isici sengozi | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukuba nezakhi zofuzo ezimbili ze-HFE ezinephutha | Uma uzuze ifa lofuzo olunephutha kumama wakho nakubaba wakho. |
| Umlando womndeni | Uma omunye wabazali bakho noma izingane zakini enalesi sifo. |
| Ukuba yindoda | Amadoda anamathuba aphindwe kahlanu okuthola lesi sifo kunabesifazane. |
| Abesifazane abaye banqamuka ukuya esikhathini | Uma ukuya esikhathini kuvimbela umzimba ekukhipheni insimbi, ingozi yokuqongelela insimbi iyanda. Le ngozi iyasebenza nakwabesifazane abaye bakhishwa isisu. |
Ingabe nawe unalezi zimpawu?
Cishe ingxenye yabantu abane-hemochromatosis abanazo izimpawu. Amadoda avame ukuba nezimpawu phakathi kweminyaka engama-30 nengama-50, kuyilapho abesifazane bevame ukuba nezimpawu ngemva kweminyaka engama-50 noma ngemva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini.
| Izimpawu ezivamile | |
|---|---|
| Ubuhlungu bamalunga (ikakhulukazi emalungeni nasemadolweni) | Ukukhathala njalo nokukhathala |
| Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu | Umbala wesikhumba uphenduka ube yithusi noma ube mpunga |
| Ubuhlungu besisu | Ukuncipha kwesifiso sobulili |
| Ukulahlekelwa izinwele emzimbeni | Inkumbulo efiphele, ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo |
| Izinkinga ezingase ziphakame lapho isifo siba sibi kakhulu | |
| Izinkinga zesibindi (isb., i-cirrhosis) | Isifo sikashukela |
| Ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo (i-Arrhythmia) | Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Erectile kwabesilisa |
Okubalulekile: Lesi simo singaba sibi kakhulu uma uphuza amaphilisi e-vitamin C noma udla ukudla okuningi okuno-vitamin C, njengoba i-vitamin C ikhulisa ukumuncwa kwe-iron ekudleni.
Ukuthola kanjani lokhu, Dokotela?
Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zimpawu zingabonakala kwezinye izifo, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nzima ukuzixilonga. Udokotela wakho uzokubuza ngomlando wezokwelapha womndeni wakho futhi azokwenza nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zivivinyo zingenziwa:
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa okubili okuyinhloko kwenziwa lapha.
- Ukugcwala kwe-Transferrin: Lokhu kulinganisa ukuthi ingakanani insimbi eboshelwe kuphrotheni (i-transferrin) ethwala insimbi egazini.
- I-Serum Ferritin: Lokhu kulinganisa inani leprotheni (i-ferritin) egcina insimbi egazini.
Uma lezi zivivinyo zibonisa ukuthi amazinga akho e-iron aphezulu, udokotela wakho angase futhi enze ukuhlolwa kofuzo ukuze abone ukuthi unayo yini i-gene ebangela i-hemochromatosis.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwesibindi: Udokotela uthatha ingxenye encane yezicubu esibindini bese eyihlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze abone ukuthi kukhona yini umonakalo esibindini.
- I-MRI scan: Lokhu kungathatha izithombe ezicacile zezitho zakho bese kubheka ukuthi zinezinsalela zensimbi yini.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Uma une-Primary Hemochromatosis, ukwelashwa kulula kakhulu. Kuhilela ukukhipha igazi emzimbeni wakho ngesikhathi esithile. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Phlebotomy.
Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Phlebotomy
Lokhu kufana nokunikela ngegazi. Udokotela noma umhlengikazi oqeqeshiwe ufaka inaliti emthanjeni osengalweni yakho bese edonsa igazi ephaketheni legazi.
- Ukwelashwa kokuqala: Ekuqaleni, kuzodingeka uye esibhedlela kanye noma kabili ngesonto ukuze kukhishwe igazi kuze kube yilapho amazinga akho ensimbi ebuyela esimweni esijwayelekile. Lokhu kungathatha izinyanga eziningana noma unyaka.
- Ukwelashwa Kokugcina: Uma amazinga ensimbi esebuyele esimweni esijwayelekile, ukuvama kokumpontshelwa igazi kuyancishiswa, ngokuvamile kube kabili kuya kane ngonyaka.
Ukwelashwa ngemithi (i-Chelation Therapy)
Uma une-hemochromatosis yesibili, noma uma imithambo yakho ingaqinile ngokwanele ukumunca igazi, udokotela wakho angase akunikeze ukwelashwa okubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Chelation Therapy.' Kulokhu, unikezwa umuthi osiza umzimba wakho ukukhipha i-iron eningi ngomchamo wakho kanye nendle.
Ingabe lesi simo singaphathwa ekhaya?
Umuntu othola ukwelashwa kwe-phlebotomy ngokuvamile akadingi ukwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko ezinkulu ekudleni kwakhe, njengoba ukwelashwa ngokwako kulawula amazinga akhe e-iron. Kodwa-ke, ungenza okulandelayo ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho yezinkinga:
- Gwema utshwala ngokuphelele. Utshwala buyalimaza isibindi, okwenza kube yingozi kakhulu ngalesi sifo.
- Gwema ukudla izinhlanzi ezingaphekiwe noma i-shellfish. Amabhaktheriya akulezi zinto angabangela izifo ezinkulu kubantu abanamazinga aphezulu ensimbi.
- Gwema ukuthatha izithasiselo zevithamini C. Kodwa-ke, akukho nkinga ekudleni izithelo nemifino equkethe ivithamini C.
- Gwema ukuthatha amaphilisi ensimbi noma amavithamini amaningi aqukethe insimbi.
- Gwema okusanhlamvu kwasekuseni okuqiniswe ngensimbi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Hemochromatosis yisimo lapho i-iron eningi iqongelela khona emzimbeni. Uma ingelashwa, ingalimaza izitho zomzimba ezifana nesibindi nenhliziyo.
- Ungazinaki izimpawu ezifana nokukhathala okuvamile, ubuhlungu bamalunga, kanye nokushintsha kombala wesikhumba. Khuluma nodokotela wakho.
- Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa njengefa, kodwa kungabangelwa nezinye izimo zezokwelapha.
- Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko ukususwa kwegazi njalo (i-phlebotomy), okuyindlela yokwelapha ephumelela kakhulu futhi ephephile.
- Kanye nokwelashwa, lesi sifo singalawulwa kahle ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila, njengokugwema utshwala.
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