Ake sixoxe ngomdlavuza wesibindi. Okudingeka ukwazi!

Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba kancane uma uzwa ngomdlavuza wesibindi. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda kahle lokhu. Isibindi asisona nje isitho esikhulu kunazo zonke emzimbeni wethu, kodwa futhi senza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu obalulekile ukuze sisinde. Ngakho-ke, lapho umdlavuza ukhula esithweni esibaluleke kangaka, ungasongela impilo.

Uyini umdlavuza wesibindi? Masiwuqonde kalula!

Kalula nje, umdlavuza wesibindi uyisimila esibi esikhula esibindini. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalokhu. 1. Umdlavuza Wesibindi Oyinhloko: Kulesi simo, umdlavuza uqala esibindini. Sizokhuluma kakhulu ngalolu hlobo kulesi sihloko. 2. Umdlavuza Wesibindi Owesibili: Kulesi simo, umdlavuza okhula kwenye indawo emzimbeni (isibonelo, amaphaphu, umathumbu amakhulu) kamuva usakazekela esibindini.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesibindi oyinhloko?

Kukhona nezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zomdlavuza wesibindi oyinhloko. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini:

• I-Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wesibindi . Isikhathi esiningi, uma sikhuluma ngomdlavuza wesibindi, sikhuluma ngalo `(HCC)`.
• I-Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHC) : Lokhu kuhlukile kancane. Lo mdlavuza (obizwa nangokuthi 'i-Cholangiocarcinoma') ukhula emigudwini yenyongo yesibindi sethu. Ubalelwa phakathi kuka-10% no-20% wazo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesibindi .
• I-angiosarcoma yesibindi: Lolu uhlobo olungavamile kakhulu. Lubangela cishe u-1% wazo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesibindi. Lo mdlavuza uqala ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi esibindini. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza, olubizwa ngokuthi "i-Angiosarcoma", ngezinye izikhathi lungakhula kwezinye izitho zomzimba.

Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza wesibindi? Sizibona kanjani?

Izimpawu zazo zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zomdlavuza wesibindi zifana kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi kungase kungabi khona zimpawu nhlobo ezigabeni zokuqala. Yilokho okwesabisayo kancane. Kodwa ake siqaphele lezi zimpawu:

• Umchamo omnyama noma indle empunga/ephuzi: Kufanele ukhathazeke uma umchamo wakho ushintsha umbala ngokuzumayo ube nsundu, noma uma indle yakho inombala ompunga noma wobumba esikhundleni sombala wayo ojwayelekile.
• Ukuphuka ngaphandle kwesizathu: Uma ngokuzumayo uba namabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma imihuzuko emzimbeni wakho, lokho nakho kuyisibonakaliso.
• Ukukhathala : Ukuzizwa ukhathele futhi ungenampilo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ulala kangakanani.
• Umkhuhlane: Umkhuhlane ongapheli, ongachazeki.
• Iqhubu noma ukuqina okuzwakala njengeqhubu ngaphansi kwekheji lezimbambo, ohlangothini lwesokudla: Uma uzwa iqhubu engxenyeni engenhla kwesokudla yesisu sakho, ngaphansi nje kwalapho izimbambo zakho ziphela khona, ungalishayi indiva.
• Isikhumba esilumayo: Ikakhulukazi uma uklwebha umzimba wakho wonke ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• I-Anorexia noma ukwehlisa isisindo nje: Ukungazizwa sengathi ufuna ukudla, nokunciphisa isisindo ngaphandle kokuzama.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza: Uma uzwa isicanucanu nokuhlanza njalo.
• Ubuhlungu noma ukuqunjelwa esiswini esingaphezulu kwesokudla: Uma uzwa ubuhlungu esiswini esingaphezulu kwesokudla, noma uma isisu sakho sizizwa siqunjelwe nje.
• I-Jaundice: Lesi yisibonakaliso abantu abaningi abasijwayele. Kuwukuphuzi kwesikhumba kanye nokumhlophe kwamehlo . Cabanga ngomngane wakho, ake sithi uNimal, ngokuzumayo uqaphela ukuthi amehlo akhe aphenduka aphuzi futhi umchamo wakhe uba mnyama. Angase acabange, 'O, lokhu kumelwe kube yi-jaundice.' Kodwa akuwona wonke ama-jaundice alula, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba uphawu lwesimo esibi kakhulu njengalesi.

Yiziphi izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza wesibindi ezixwayisayo?

Nansi inkinga. Esikhathini esiningi, umdlavuza wesibindi awubonisi zimpawu ezigabeni zawo zokuqala. Ngakho-ke uma ucabanga ukuthi usengozini (sizoxoxa ngalokho kamuva), into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubonana nodokotela bese uhlola isibindi sakho. Bazobe sebe-oda ukuhlolwa okudingekayo (njengokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi).

Yiziphi izimbangela zomdlavuza wesibindi?

Umdlavuza wesibindi uvela lapho i-'DNA' yamaseli esibindi aphilile ithinteka. Ubuwazi ukuthi, i-'DNA' iwulwazi lwezakhi zofuzo olutshela amaseli ethu ukuthi asebenze kanjani? Sonke sinezakhi zofuzo emizimbeni yethu ezitshela amaseli ethu ukuthi akhule, ahlukane, futhi afe ngesikhathi esifanele. Isibonelo, izakhi zofuzo ezibizwa ngokuthi '(Oncogenes)' zisiza amaseli ukuthi akhule futhi ahlukane. Izakhi zofuzo ezibizwa ngokuthi '(ama-Tumor suppressor genes)' zivimba amaseli ukuthi ahlukane ngokungalawuleki futhi zibangele namaseli ukuthi afe ngesikhathi esifanele. Kodwa-ke, lapho i-'DNA' yethu ishintsha ('ishintshashintsha'), amaseli athola imiyalelo emisha, engalungile. Le miyalelo engalungile ibangela amaseli ukuba abe amaseli omdlavuza futhi aqale ukukhula ngokungalawuleki. Ezinye izifo nezinye izimo zingalimaza i-'DNA' yesibindi, okwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza.

Izici Eziyingozi Zomdlavuza Wesibindi

Isici esiyinhloko esiyingozi somdlavuza wesibindi ukutheleleka isikhathi eside nge-hepatitis B (HBV) noma i-hepatitis C (HCV). Lokhu kutheleleka kungalimaza isibindi futhi kubangele i-cirrhosis.I-cirrhosis yisimo lapho isibindi siba lukhuni futhi sinciphe. Lesi simo singaholela kamuva kumdlavuza wesibindi.

Okubalulekile: I-Hepatitis B no-C yizifo ezidluliselwa ngegazi noketshezi lomzimba, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela kuzo.

Kunezinye izici eziningana eziyingozi:

• Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile: Sonke siyazi ukuthi ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile akukuhle. Kungalimaza isibindi, kuholele ekuqineni kwesibindi, ngisho nomdlavuza.
• Isifo sesibindi esihambisana nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): Lesi yisimo esibonakala kubantu abaningi kulezi zinsuku. Kalula nje, ukuqongelela kwamafutha esibindini. Nalokhu, uma kuqhubeka isikhathi eside, kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza.
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile: Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kungaholela ekuqongeleleni kwamafutha esibindini kanye nezinye izinkinga zempilo, okungandisa ingozi yomdlavuza.
• Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2: Abantu abanesifo sikashukela nabo basengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza wesibindi.
• Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi: Njengokubhema ugwayi, ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi kuyimbangela yezinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza, okuhlanganisa nomdlavuza wesibindi.

Odokotela bawuthola kanjani umdlavuza wesibindi?

Uma unezimpawu zomdlavuza wesibindi, noma uma unezici eziyingozi, uma ubona udokotela, uzoqala ngokukuhlola ngokomzimba . Uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungathunyelwa ukuze uhlolwe njengalokhu:

• I-Angiogram: Lokhu kungasetshenziswa ukuhlola imithambo yegazi esibindini.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Kukhona ukuhlolwa kwegazi okukhethekile (njengokumaka amathumba) ukuhlola umdlavuza. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi nakho kwenziwa.
• I-CT scan: Lokhu kungathatha izithombe ezinemininingwane zesibindi. Lokhu kungasiza ekunqumeni ubukhulu nendawo yesimila.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-ERCP: Lokhu kuhlolwa kungenziwa uma kukhona izinsolo zomdlavuza we-bile duct (`Cholangiocarcinoma`).
• I-ultrasound yesibindi: Lokhu futhi kuthatha izithombe zengaphakathi lesibindi.
• I-MRI: Lokhu kusebenzisa i-magnet enkulu, amaza omsakazo, kanye nekhompyutha ukuthatha izithombe ezicacile zesibindi.

Uma lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nokuskena kwembula umdlavuza wesibindi, udokotela wakho uvame uku-oda i-biopsy yesibindi , okuyindlela ethembekile kakhulu yokuqinisekisa umdlavuza.

Yiziphi izigaba zomdlavuza wesibindi?

Ukulinganisa izigaba kuyindlela odokotela abanquma ngayo ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani futhi bahlele ukwelashwa ngokufanele. Uhlelo oluvame kakhulu lokulinganisa umdlavuza wesibindi uhlelo lwe-Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) . Lubheka izici ezifana nezimpawu, ukusebenza kwesibindi, kanye nosayizi wesimila. Udokotela wakho angasebenzisa amagama ahlukene lapho echaza lezi zigaba kuwe. Isibonelo, iSigaba I kuya kuSigaba V, iSigaba O kuya ku-C, noma "umdlavuza wesigaba sokuqala" / "umdlavuza wesigaba esithuthukile." Ake sibheke kalula:

• Isigaba I / Isigaba O / Isigaba sokuqala kakhulu: Kukhona isimila esisodwa kuphela esibindini. Singaphansi kwamasentimitha ama-2 (cishe amasentimitha ama-4/5). Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kubonisa amazinga ajwayelekile e-`(Bilirubin)`.
• Isigaba II / Isigaba A / Isigaba sokuqala: Kukhona isimila esisodwa, esingaba ngamasentimitha angu-5 (cishe amasentimitha amabili) ngobukhulu. Noma, kungase kube nezimila eziningana ezincane kune-3 cm (cishe amasentimitha angu-1 1/4). Lokhu kufaka phakathi nezimo lapho umdlavuza ususakazekele emithanjeni yegazi.
• Isigaba III / Isigaba B / Isigaba Esiphakathi: Kunezimila ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, futhi/noma isimila esisodwa singamasentimitha ama-5 noma ngaphezulu. Umdlavuza kungenzeka ukuthi ususakazekele kuma-lymph node, emithanjeni yegazi emikhulu, noma kwezinye izitho zomzimba.
• Isigaba IV / Isigaba C / Isigaba esithuthukile: Umdlavuza ususakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba (njengamaphaphu, amathambo).

Umdlavuza wesibindi welashwa kanjani?

Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha umdlavuza wesibindi. Ezinye ziwukwelashwa kwezokwelapha, ezinye ziwukuhlinzwa. Ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kungafaka:

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Ukunikeza imithi yokubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• Ukwelashwa nge-Chemoembolization: Ukunikeza i-chemotherapy ngqo ngomthambo wegazi ohlinzeka ngesimila ngegazi bese uvimba lowo mthambo.
• Ukwelashwa Ngezifo Ezithathelwana Ngocansi: Ukuvuselela amasosha omzimba ukuze alwe namaseli omdlavuza.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza kusetshenziswa imisebe enamandla aphezulu.
• Ukufakwa kwembewu encane enemisebe esigaxeni.
• Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe: Ukunikeza imithi eqondisa ama-molecule athile asiza amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukukhula nokusabalala.

Ukwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa kungafaka:

• Ukususwa kwezicubu: Ukubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza kusetshenziswa ukushisa, ukubanda okukhulu, noma amakhemikhali.
• Ukususwa kwesibindi (ukususwa kwesibindi): Ukususwa kwengxenye yesibindi ngokuhlinzwa kanye nesimila somdlavuza.
• Ukufakelwa kwesibindi: Ukususwa ngokuphelele kwesibindi esinesifo kanye nokufakelwa kwesibindi esinempilo.

Ingabe umdlavuza wesibindi ungelapheka?

Ukufakelwa isibindi okuphumelelayo kungelapha umdlavuza wesibindi. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke umuntu odinga ukufakelwa isibindi ongathola esinye. Isibonelo, impilo yakhe ingase ibe yimbi kakhulu ukuba ingabekezelela ukufakelwa. Futhi, kungaba nzima ukuthola isibindi esifanelekile somnikeli. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasiza ekulawuleni umdlavuza, zinciphise ukusabalala kwawo, futhi zandise impilo yesiguli.

Ingakanani iminyaka yokuphila komuntu onomdlavuza wesibindi?

Nakuba lokhu kuyinto abantu abaningi abafuna ukuyazi, kunzima ukusho ukuthi ungaphila isikhathi esingakanani. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kuncike ezintweni eziningi, njengesigaba somdlavuza, impendulo yokwelashwa, kanye nempilo yesiguli iyonke. Abacwaningi bahlala bethuthukisa ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesibindi ukuze basize abantu baphile isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, umdlavuza wesibindi useyisifo esisongela impilo. Ngokwezibalo (lezi ziyidatha yaseMelika, isimo eSri Lanka singase sihluke), cishe abantu abangu-21% abane-`(HCC)` noma `(IHC)` baphila iminyaka emihlanu ngemva kokuxilongwa. Kumdlavuza wesigaba sokuqala (isigaba I noma II), izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu licishe libe ngu-37%. Kodwa-ke, lehla laya ku-13% esigabeni III kanye no-3% esigabeni IV.

Khumbula, lezi zibalo zimane nje ziyisilinganiso esijwayelekile. Isimo sakho singase sihluke kakhulu. Kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho womdlavuza ngalokhu bese uthola ukuthi yini ekufanele.

Yini esingayenza ukuvimbela umdlavuza wesibindi?

Singase singakwazi ukuvimbela ngokuphelele umdlavuza wesibindi, kodwa kunezinto ezithile esingazenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi yethu:

• Thola umjovo we-hepatitis B: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Uhulumeni manje uhlinzeka ngalo mjovo. Uma ungakawutholi, buza udokotela ngawo.
• Zivikele ku-Hepatitis C: Akukho muthi wokugomela i-Hepatitis C okwamanje. Ngakho-ke gwema ukuthintana negazi elinegciwane. Ungasebenzisi izinaliti noma amasirinji asetshenziswe abanye.
• Uma ubhema, zama ukuyeka: Uma udinga usizo, buza ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ngezinhlelo zokuyeka ukubhema.
• Nciphisa noma uyeke ukuphuza utshwala: Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile kungabangela isifo sokuqina kwesibindi futhi kwandise ingozi yomdlavuza wesibindi.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo esikufanele: Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuyisici esiyingozi.
• Buza udokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa komdlavuza wesibindi: Uma unesifo sesibindi, isifo sikashukela, noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, noma uma uphuza utshwala ngokweqile, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuthola ukuhlolwa kwegazi njalo kanye nokuhlolwa kwesibindi nge-ultrasound.

Umdlavuza wesibindi oyinhloko uyisifo esibi kakhulu. Kungenzeka ukuthi usesigabeni esiphambili ngesikhathi utholakala ukuthi unomdlavuza wesibindi. Izindlela zokwelapha zilinganiselwe. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizosebenzisa izindlela zokwelapha ukuvimba umdlavuza ukuthi ungakhuli. Zizokusiza futhi ukuphatha izimpawu zakho nokugcina ikhwalithi yempilo yakho. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza othuthukile. Uzokutshela ngezinzuzo nemiphumela emibi yendlela ngayinye. Lokhu kuzokusiza uzizwe uqiniseka ngokwenza izinqumo.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba lapho ukhuluma ngomdlavuza wesibindi, kodwa ukuqaphela yikona okunamandla amakhulu.

• Isibindi siyisitho esibalulekile emizimbeni yethu. Kungumsebenzi wethu ukusivikela.
• Izimbangela eziyinhloko zomdlavuza wesibindi ukutheleleka kwe-hepatitis B no-C kanye ne-cirrhosis. Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, nesifo sikashukela nakho kuyizinto eziyingozi.
• Izimpawu zingase zingaveli ezigabeni zokuqala, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi abantu abanezici eziyingozi bahlolwe njalo ngudokotela.
• Manje kunezindlela ezahlukene zokwelapha umdlavuza wesibindi. Ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kukhethwa ngokusekelwe esigabeni sesifo kanye nesimo sesiguli.
• Ukuvimbela kungcono kakhulu. Thola umuthi wokugomela i-hepatitis B bese ulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo.

Uma uneminye imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ngalokhu, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela. Bazokusiza. Ungalokothi uhlupheke wedwa, cela usizo. Umdlavuza Wesibindi, i-მიდების მიდები, i-Hepatocellular carcinoma, i-HCC, i-Cirrhosis, i-Hepatitis B, i-Hepatitis C, i-მიდები