Ingabe amaphaphu akho nawo ayazwela ku-allergies? Ake sixoxe nge-(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uba nobunzima bokuphefumula, noma ukukhwehlela nje? Mhlawumbe amaphaphu akho azwela ezinye izinhlayiya zothuli noma isikhunta endaweni yakho yokusebenza noma ekhaya. Yilolo hlobo lwesimo esizokhuluma ngaso namuhla, esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis". Ungakhathazeki, ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula.

Kuyini lokhu `(i-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)`? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, i-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis iwukusabela kokungezwani komzimba ezikhwameni ezincane zomoya emaphashini akho (okubizwa nangokuthi i-alveoli). Njengoba nje imizimba yethu ngezinye izikhathi isabela kokuthile okusilimazayo, amaphaphu ethu nawo ayasabela ezintweni ezithile. Lezi zimpawu zingavela ngokuzumayo (ezibukhali) futhi ziphele ngokushesha, noma zingakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi zibe yizifo ezingamahlalakhona .

Manje ucabanga ukuthi, "O... ingabe lokhu kufana nokungezwani nothuli noma impova?" Akunjalo ngempela. I-hypersensitivity pneumonitis uhlobo oluhlukile lokusabela komzimba kune-allergy evamile. Ngokungafani nokungezwani okuvamile okubangela amakhaza, amehlo alumayo, kanye ne-asthma, lesi yisimo lapho ukuchayeka kaningi ku-allergen kungabangela umonakalo ongapheli emaphashini. Ngakho-ke lokhu kuyinto okufanele uyiqaphele.

I-Hypersensitivity Engapheli I-Pneumonitis iwela esigabeni sesifo samaphaphu esingaphakathi kwe-interstitial . Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungaholela ekuqhekekeni kwamaphaphu.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola i-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis?

Nakuba lesi simo singakhula kunoma ubani, abantu abasebenza emisebenzini ethile futhi abavame ukuchayeka ezintweni ezithile ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba basengozini enkulu kancane. Bheka ukuthi usengozini yini:

• Abantu abasebenza emapulazini: njengalabo abanakekela izinkomo futhi batshala imifino. Ngezinye izikhathi ngoba bahlala bebhekene nezinto ezifana notshani nothuli.
• Abantu abasebenza nezilwane: Odokotela bezilwane, abantu abafuya izilwane njengezinyoni, izinkukhu, njll. Ngenxa yezinto ezifana nezimpaphe zezinyoni nezimpaphe.
• Abantu abasebenza ezindaweni lapho okusanhlamvu noma ufulawa kugaywa noma kulayishwa khona: ezindaweni ezifana nezindawo zokugaya imifino ezweni lakithi.
• Abantu abasebenza ezindaweni zokusaha izingodo kanye nasezindaweni zokusika izinkuni.
• Abantu ezindaweni ezikhiqiza ibhodi lodonga nephepha.
• Izisebenzi zensimbi.
• Abantu abachayeka endle yezinyoni nasezimpapheni: Ukusebenzisa imicamelo nomatrasi ogcwele izinsiba nakho kungaba yimbangela yalokhu.
• Abantu abaphefumula izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba ezivela kuma-humidifier anganakekelwa kahle, izinhlelo zokushisa nezomoya, noma ama-hot tub.
• Ngokuvamile baphakathi kweminyaka engu-50 no-70.

Cabanga nje, kwezinye izindlu, izinyoni ezifana nama-parrot zakha izidleke. Uma lezo zidleke zingahlanzwa kahle, lesi simo singabangelwa nawukuphefumula uthuli kanye nempova ephuma kuzo.

Ingabe i-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis iyisimo esibucayi?

Yebo, `(I-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)` yisimo esingaba sibi ngezinye izikhathi . Ngoba, uma uhlala ubhekene ne-allergen, ukuvuvukala emaphashini kungadala umonakalo ohlala njalo. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha uma unezimpawu.

Lokhu `(i-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)` kuyithinta kanjani imizimba yethu?

Uma une-"Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis", umzimba wakho usabela ngokweqile ezinhlayiyeni ezincane ezithile (esizibiza ngokuthi "i-allergens") oziphefumulayo. Lezi zinto ezibangela i-allergen zivame ukuvela endaweni yakho yokusebenza noma ekhaya. Lezi zinhlayiya zincane kakhulu kangangokuthi zingangena ezikhwameni ezincane zomoya (alveoli) emaphashini akho futhi zibangele ukuvuvukala lapho.

Uma uqala ukusabela ku-allergen, amasosha omzimba wakho enza amakhemikhali aqaphelayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, njengoba ubhekene ne-allergen kaninginingi, umzimba wakho uba nomuzwa ojulile futhi uqala ukusabela kakhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kulimaza ama-air sac (alveoli) kanye nemigudu emincane yomoya exhuma kuwo. Yilokho okubangela izimpawu ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumula nokukhwehlela.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-`(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)`?

Lezi zimpawu zingaba zimbi kakhulu noma zingamahlalakhona.

Izimpawu ze-acute `(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)`:

Lezi zimpawu zivame ukubonakala emahoreni ambalwa ngemva kokuchayeka ku-allergen futhi zingahlala amahora amaningana noma ngisho nezinsuku.

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya)
• Ukukhwehlela okomile
• Ukuqina kwesifuba, ukuzizwa sengathi kuvinjiwe
• Ukugodola
• Ukukhathala okukhulu
• Imfiva
• Ubuhlungu bomzimba, ubuhlungu bemisipha

Kuzwakala sengathi nginomkhuhlane. Umzimba wami uzizwa usinda ngokuzumayo.

Izimpawu ze-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Engapheli:

Lezi zimpawu zibonakala kancane kancane, zikhula kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula, ikakhulukazi uma ukhathele noma uzivocavoca
• Ukukhwehlela (mhlawumbe nge-phlegm)
• Ukukhathala
• Ukwehlisa isisindo
• Amathiphu amakhulu omunwe noma ozwane (Ukuhlanganisa imisipha) - Lokhu akwenzeki kuwo wonke umuntu.

Uzizwa kanjani uma uthola `(i-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)`?

I-Acute `(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)` ingase izwakale njengomkhuhlane. `(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)` engapheli ingaba nzima ukuyibona ngoba ikhula kancane kancane. Ungase uqaphele, "Kubonakala sengathi nginenkinga yokuphefumula manje kunangaphambili," "Ukukhwehlela kwami ​​​​nokukhathala kubonakala sengathi kuya ngokuya kuba kubi."

Yini ebangela i-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis?

Imbangela eyinhloko ye-hypersensitivity pneumonitis ukuphefumula izinto (izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba) ezibangela ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba emaphashini. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungalimaza amaphaphu futhi kwenze izimpawu zibe zimbi kakhulu. Kutholakale izinto ezingaphezu kuka-300 ezibangela i-hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Lezi zifaka:

• Amabhaktheriya
• Isikhunta kanye nesikhunta: Lokhu kungatholakala ezindongeni ezindala, ezindlini zangasese, kanye nasezindlini ze-AC ezingahlanzwa kahle.
• Amanye amakhemikhali nezinsimbi.
• Amaprotheni ezilwane nezitshalo: Isibonelo, amaprotheni atholakala ezimpapheni zezinyoni nasendle yezilwane.

Ezinye izibonelo ze-`(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)`:

Kukhona ngisho namagama ahlukene ezinhlobo ze-"Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis" ezibangelwa yizinto ezahlukene ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba. Isibonelo:

• Iphaphu Lomlimi: Libangelwa yisikhunta esitholakala ezintweni ezifana notshani kanye nokusanhlamvu.
• Iphaphu Lezinyoni Ezithwala Izinyoni: Libangelwa amaprotheni atholakala ezimpapheni nasezimpapheni zezinyoni.
• I-Humidifier Lung: Ibangelwa amabhaktheriya kanye nesikhunta esikhishwa kuma-humidifier angahlanzwanga kahle kanye nama-AC units.

Ingabe i-COVID-19 ibangela i-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis?

Ngokusho kolwazi lwamanje, `(COVID-19)` akuyona imbangela eqondile ye-`(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)`. Kodwa-ke, `(COVID-19)` ingabangela ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu, okungase kubukeke njenge-`(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)`. Kukhona nobufakazi bokuthi uma umuntu osevele enayo i-`(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)` eba ne-`(COVID-19)`, leso simo singase sibe sibi kakhulu.

I-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis ihlolwa kanjani?

Udokotela uzohlonza i-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho, ulwazi mayelana nomsebenzi wakho, indawo ohlala kuyo, ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, kanye nezinye izivivinyo eziningana. Udokotela uzokubuza imibuzo ukuze aqonde ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba obhekene nazo.

Udokotela uzolalela amaphaphu akho nge-stethoscope, ahlole amazinga akho e-oxygen ngedivayisi encane (i-'pulse oximeter') ebekwe emunweni wakho, futhi angenza nokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, noma ukuhlolwa kwezithombe.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisetshenziswa ukuxilonga `(i-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)`?

Ukuqinisekisa lesi simo, udokotela angenza izivivinyo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi lokungezwani komzimba: Kuthathwa igazi elincane engalweni yakho ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umzimba wakho uyasabela yini ezintweni ezibangela i-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi i-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis panel.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Ama-X-ray esifubeni kanye nama-CT scan athatha izithombe zamaphaphu ukuze abone ukuthi kukhona yini umonakalo.
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu: Lokhu kuvame ukuhilela ukuphefumula ngaphakathi nangaphandle ngepayipi elixhunywe emshinini. Kungalinganisa ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani. Kungase futhi kufake ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nokuhlolwa kokuzivocavoca.
• I-Bronchoscopy: Kulolu vivinyo, kufakwa ipayipi elincane eliguquguqukayo (elinekhamera) ngekhala noma ngomlomo ukuze kubhekwe ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu. Uma kudingeka, amasampula angathathwa ukuze ahlolwe.

Iphathwa kanjani i-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis?

Ukuze welaphe ngempumelelo i-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukugwema ngokuphelele i-allergen oyinayo.

Ngisho noma usebenzisa imithi, uma uqhubeka nokuchayeka ku-allergen, lesi sifo ngeke selapheke ngokuphelele. Umonakalo obangelwa yi-"Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis" engapheli ngezinye izikhathi ungaqhubeka nokwanda, noma ngabe uhlala kude ne-allergen.

Udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi yokunciphisa ukuvuvukala emaphashini akho, ukuvula imigudu yakho yokuphefumula, noma ukwandisa amazinga akho omoya-mpilo.

Yimiphi imithi/ukwelashwa okusetshenziselwa `(i-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)`?

• Ama-corticosteroids noma imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba: Lokhu kunciphisa ukuvuvukala. Isibonelo, imithi efana ne-prednisone, i-mycophenolate, noma i-azathioprine inganikezwa.
• Imithi yokulwa ne-fibrotic: Isibonelo, i-pirfenidone kanye ne-nintedanib. Lokhu kunciphisa izinga lokulimala kwamaphaphu.
• Ukuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu: Ukuzivocavoca ukuphefumula kanye nokwelashwa ngokomzimba kusiza ukwenza ukuphefumula kube lula.
• Ukwelashwa nge-oxygen: Uma une-hypersensitivity pneumonitis enzima, kungadingeka unikezwe i-oxygen eyengeziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igazi lakho nezicubu zakho zithola i-oxygen eyanele. Lokhu kunganikezwa nge-mask ebekwe ebusweni bakho noma ngepayipi elibekwe ekhaleni lakho.
• Ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu: Uma i-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis yakho iqhubekela ekubeni yi- pulmonary fibrosis , ungase udinge ukufakelwa amaphaphu.

Ngizozizwa ngingcono ngokushesha kangakanani ngemva kokwelashwa?

Ukuvuvukala okubangelwa yi-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis kungathatha izinyanga eziningana ukuthi amaphaphu aphole. Omunye umonakalo ungase ube unomphela.

Ingabe i-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis ingelapheka ngokuphelele?

I-pneumonia ebangelwa ukusabela okungamahlalakhona ngokuvamile kunzima ukuyiphulukisa ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, i-pneumonia ebangelwa ukusabela okungamahlalakhona kanye ne-subacute (yesikhathi esifushane) ingelapheka ngemithi noma ngaphandle kwayo uma ugwema ngokuphelele i-allergen.

Ungazivikela kanjani ku-`(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)`?

Umonakalo obangelwa yi-`(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)` engapheli awunakuguqulwa. Ngakho-ke, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukugwema izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba ezibangela ukuvuvukala emaphashini. Uma kufanele ube sendaweni enjalo, ungenza lezi zinto ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho:

• Uma usebenza emsebenzini oyingozi (ukusebenza ngensimbi, ukusebenza nezinyoni noma ezinye izilwane, ukusebenza ngokhuni, iphepha, okusanhlamvu, njll.), gqoka imishini yokuzivikela (i-PPE) uma usebenza. Ikakhulukazi sebenzisa imaski ehlunga izinhlayiya ezincane.
• Gcina izinto zokupholisa umoya, ama-hot tub, izinhlelo zokushisa nezokupholisa zihlanzekile futhi zisesimweni esihle.
• Gwema ukusebenzisa imicamelo kanye nomatrasi ogcwele izinsiba.
• Gcina izindawo zezilwane ezifuywayo (ikakhulukazi amakheji ezinyoni) zihlanzekile. Gqoka imaski uma uzihlanza.

Yini ongayilindela uma une-`(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)`?

Lokho ongakulindela kuncike ekutheni usunesikhathi esingakanani une-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis nokuthi inzima kangakanani.

• I-"Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis" ebukhali ivame ukuphela zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa, ngaphandle kokuthi umuntu aphinde abhekane ne-allergen.
• I-Subacute ``Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis`` (ebangelwa ukuchayeka njalo ezingeni eliphansi ku-allergen) ingahlala izinyanga eziningana futhi ivame ukwelashwa ngemithi.
• I-Hypersensitivity Engapheli I-Pneumonitis ngokuvamile ayilapheki ngokuphelele, kodwa izimpawu zingalawulwa ngemithi.

Izinkinga ze-`(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)`

Ukuchayeka okuqhubekayo ku-allergen ebangela i-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu, okuhlanganisa:

• Ukulimala kwamaphaphu (i-pulmonary fibrosis)
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu phakathi kwenhliziyo namaphaphu (umfutho wegazi ophezulu wamaphaphu)

Iyini inhloso yalesi simo `(i-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)`?

Umbono we-pneumonia engapheli ebangelwa ukucindezeleka okukhulu uncike ebangeni lomonakalo emaphashini akho. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi uma amaphaphu akho engenazo izibazi, ungenza intuthuko enkulu phakathi nonyaka wokuxilongwa. Abantu abanezibazi emaphashini abo basengozini yokufa ngenxa ye-pneumonia ebangelwa ukucindezeleka okukhulu phakathi neminyaka embalwa uma bengatholi ukufakelwa amaphaphu. Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kusabisa, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi lolu lwazi.

Ingakanani iminyaka yokuphila komuntu one-`(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)`?

Lokhu kuncike futhi ebunzimeni bomonakalo emaphashini. Ukufakelwa amaphaphu kungandisa lezi zikhathi.

• Kumuntu ongenazo izibazi (ongenayo i-fibrosis): Isikhathi sokuphila esingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-15 ngemva kokuxilongwa.
• Kumuntu onezibazi kodwa ongenawo omunye umonakalo emaphashini (isb., ukutshala uju):Cishe eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili ngemva kokuxilongwa.
• Kumuntu onomonakalo omkhulu - izibazi kanye 'nokuhlanganiswa koju': cishe eminyakeni emi-3 ngemuva kokuxilongwa.

Ungakhathazeki ngalezi zibalo. Lezi yizimo ezivamile. Lokhu kungahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha.

Ngingazinakekela kanjani ngine-`(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)`?

Uma utholakale une-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis, sebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukuze wakhe uhlelo lokunciphisa umonakalo owengeziwe emaphashini akho. Thatha yonke imithi njengoba uyalelwe. Buza udokotela wakho mayelana nokuzivocavoca kanye nokuzivocavoca kokuphefumula ongakwenza ekhaya ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kwamaphaphu akho.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela mayelana `(i-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)`?

Uma unezimpawu ze-`(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)`, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Uma usuvele unayo i-`(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)`, bona udokotela uma uthola izimpawu ezintsha noma uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

• Yini eyangenza ngaba nesifo se-`(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)`?
• Ngingakugwema kanjani i-allergen ebangela lokhu?
• Ingabe amaphaphu ami onakele? Angakanani amabi?
• Ingabe lesi simo singaguqulwa?
• Ngingawusebenzisa kanjani lo muthi?
• Kuzongithatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi ngilulame?
• Kufanele ngize nini ukukubona futhi?

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-hypersensitivity pneumonitis yisimo esingabangela umonakalo omkhulu emaphashini ngemva kokuchayeka kaningi ku-allergen. Kodwa-ke, uma sibonakala kusenesikhathi, lo mjikelezo ungamiswa ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke umonakalo ongenakulungiseka. Uma unezimpawu zamaphaphu eziqhubekayo, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ngokushesha.

Uma utholakale une-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngobuqotho mayelana nobucayi besimo sakho. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi wakhe uhlelo lokuthi yini ongayilindela nokuthi ungayithuthukisa kanjani indlela ophefumula ngayo kanye nekhwalithi yempilo yakho. Ungakhathazeki, lesi simo singaphathwa ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nokushintsha indlela yokuphila.

Ukuzwela okukhulu I - Pneumonitis, ukungezwani namaphaphu, isifo sokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela okungapheli, ubunzima bokuphefumula, i-allergens, i-pneumonia