Kuyini ukuzivikela komzimba (autoimmune)? Kungani imizimba yethu isiphendukela?

Wake wezwa ukuthi uhlelo lwethu lokuzivikela lomzimba, amasosha okufanele asivikele ezifweni, ngezinye izikhathi aziphatha kabi futhi asihlasele? Kuyamangaza, akunjalo? Kodwa kuyiqiniso. Kufana nenja eqaphayo endlini yethu engasiboni futhi eze ukuzosiluma. Lokhu yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-autoimmunity kwezokwelapha. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngendlela elula neqondakala kalula namuhla.

Iyini i-Immune System - isivikelo esikhulu somzimba wethu?

Kalula nje, amasosha ethu omzimba afana nebutho elingaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Leli butho linamasosha amaningi ahlukene. Okusho ukuthi, lakhiwe yizitho ezikhethekile, izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli (ikakhulukazi amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi), kanye namaprotheni afana nama-antibodies .

Umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukubona izitha ezingena emzimbeni zivela ngaphandle. Okungukuthi:

• Amabhaktheriya
• Amagciwane
• Isikhunta
• Amanye amagciwane nezinto zakwamanye amazwe

Uma lezi zitha sezitholakale, amasosha ethu omzimba ayahlasela futhi azibhubhise. Noma lokho kwenza amandla azo abe buthaka. Yingakho singaguli njalo. Ngisho noma sigula, yilolu hlelo lomzimba olusisiza ukuba silulame ngokushesha. Ingabe lokhu akumangalisi kakhulu emzimbeni wethu?

Ngakho-ke, kuyini lokhu kudideka mayelana nokuzivikela komzimba?

Ake ucabange nje, ibutho lethu lokuzivikela, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, siqala ukuhlasela amasosha aso, amangqamuzana aphilile nezicubu zomzimba wethu, ngenxa yephutha elincane. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-autoimmunity . Igama elithi "Auto" lisho "uqobo." Igama elithi "immunity" lisho i-immunity. Ngakho-ke uyaqonda, lokhu kungenye lapho i-immunity yakho izihlasela khona.

Lokhu kufana nebutho, okufanele livikele izwe, lidubula ngengozi abantu abangenacala ezweni lalo. Okwenzekayo ukuthi izingxenye zomzimba wethu ziyabhujiswa kancane kancane.

Okwenzekayo kulokhu akukhona ukuthi isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sibuthakathaka, kodwa ukuthi siyaphambuka. Okusho ukuthi, asikwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi "komuntu siqu" kanye "nokwangaphandle." Ngenxa yalokho, siqala ukukhiqiza ama-antibodies , noma, ake sithi, "izikhali ezingaqondakali kahle," ngokumelene nezingxenye zomzimba waso, sicabanga ukuthi "ziyizitha." Siphinde sibize lawa ma-autoantibodies .

Kungani lokhu kwenzeka emizimbeni yethu? Yiziphi izizathu?

Imbangela eqondile yalezi zimo zokuzivikela komzimba ayikakaziwa, kodwa ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi inhlanganisela yezici ingadlala indima.

• Ukuthambekela kwezakhi zofuzo: Uma abanye abantu benezimo ezinjengalezi emindenini yabo, bangase babe nokuthambekela kokuzithuthukisa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izakhi zofuzo zethu zingase zisinike amandla amancane. Kodwa akunakushiwo ukuthi zikhula ngenxa nje yezakhi zofuzo.
• Izinto ezibangela imvelo: Ngezinye izikhathi izinto ezisendaweni esikuyo, njengokutheleleka, imithi ethile, ukubhema, noma amazinga aphezulu okucindezeleka, zingabangela "ukujova kokuqala" kokusabela kwe-autoimmune. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu onesifo sofuzo cishe uzoba nalesi simo uma evezwa yisici semvelo esinjengalesi.
• Ama-hormone: Ezinye izifo zokuzivikela komzimba zivame kakhulu kwabesifazane, ngakho-ke kucatshangwa ukuthi ama-hormone abesifazane adlala indima.
• Ezinye izifo: Kukhona futhi umbono wokuthi ngemva kokutheleleka ngamagciwane noma ngamagciwane, amasosha omzimba ayayeka ukusebenza kahle, futhi lesi simo singaqala.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lesi akusona isifo esithelelanayo. Lokho kusho ukuthi asinakusabalala sisuka komunye umuntu siye komunye, kungaba ngokuthinta noma ukwabelana ngokudla neziphuzo. Futhi, lokhu akulona iphutha lakho.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zezifo ezibangelwa ukuzivikela komzimba? Ake sibheke ezinye izibonelo.

Kuthiwa kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-80 zezifo ezibangelwa ukuzivikela komzimba. Ezinye zaziwa kakhulu, ezinye aziziwa kangako. Lezi zifo zingathinta cishe noma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba. Ake sibheke ezinye zezibonelo ezivame kakhulu.

• Isifo Sikashukela Sohlobo 1: Kulokhu, amasosha omzimba wethu abhubhisa amaseli ase-pancreas akhiqiza i-hormone i- insulin . I-insulin ibalulekile ekulawuleni amazinga kashukela emizimbeni yethu. Ngakho-ke lapho la maseli ebhujiswa, i-insulin ayibe isakhiqizwa.
• I-Rheumatoid Arthritis: Kulesi simo, amasosha ethu omzimba ahlasela amalunga. Amalunga ayavuvukala, aqine, futhi abe buhlungu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuma kwamalunga kungase kushintshe ngisho.
• I-Lupus (SLE - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus): I-Lupus isifo esiyinkimbinkimbi sokuzivikela komzimba esingathinta hhayi indawo eyodwa yomzimba kuphela, kodwa nezinhlelo eziningi zezitho zomzimba, njengesikhumba, amalunga, izinso, ubuchopho kanye nenhliziyo.
• I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Kulesi sifo, amasosha omzimba ahlasela isembozo esivikelayo (i-myelin sheath) esizungeze imicu yezinzwa ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni. Lokhu kubangela izinkinga ngokudluliswa kwemiyalezo ngemizwa.
• I-Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: Kulesi simo, amasosha omzimba ahlasela i-thyroid gland, i-gland efana nevemvane entanyeni yethu. Lokhu kubangela ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kwama-hormone e-thyroid, okuholela ku-hypothyroidism.
• Isifo Sama-Graves: Lesi futhi yisifo sokuzivikela komzimba esithinta i-thyroid gland. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu, i-thyroid gland iba matasa kakhulu futhi ikhiqize i-thyroid hormone eningi kakhulu (hyperthyroidism).
• Isifo Sokuvuvukala Kwamathumbu (IBD):Lokhu kufaka phakathi izimo ezifana ne-Crohn's Disease kanye ne -Ulcerative Colitis, ezibangela ukuvuvukala okungapheli kohlelo lokugaya ukudla, ikakhulukazi amathumbu.

Lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa nje. Izimpawu nemiphumela yalesi sifo ngasinye ihlukile.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile zalesi simo?

Izimpawu zesifo sokuzivikela komzimba ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngohlobo lwesifo kanye nokuthi iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba esithintayo. Kodwa-ke, kunezimpawu ezivamile ezingabonakala ezifweni eziningi zokuzivikela komzimba.

• Ukukhathala njalo nokukhathala: Ukuzizwa ukhathele naphezu kokulala kahle.
• Ubuhlungu bamalunga, ukuvuvukala, ukuqina.
• Izinkinga zesikhumba: Ukuqubuka okuhlukahlukene, ukubomvu kwesikhumba, ngezinye izikhathi amabala amise okwebhabhathane ebusweni (njengase-lupus).
• Ubuhlungu besisu noma izinkinga zokugaya ukudla.
• Umkhuhlane ophindaphindayo wezinga eliphansi.
• Ama-lymph node avuvukele.
• Ukuba ndikindiki ezithweni noma umuzwa ofana nezintuthwane ugijima nxazonke.
• Ukulahlekelwa izinwele.

Ukuthi nje unesinye noma ezimbili zalezi zimpawu akusho ukuthi unesifo sokuzivikela komzimba. Lokhu kungabangelwa ezinye izizathu ezilula. Kodwa uma lezi zimpawu ziqhubeka noma ziba zimbi kakhulu, kungcono ukubona udokotela ukuze akunike iseluleko.

Enye into ukuthi izimpawu zalezi zifo ezizimele zingavela ngokuzumayo (ama-flare-ups) bese ziphela isikhashana (ukuxolelwa). Ngakho-ke, ngisho nalapho kutholwa ukwelashwa, lesi sifo singaba sibi kakhulu ngokuzumayo.

Udokotela usithola kanjani isimo sokuzivikela komzimba? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ukuxilonga isifo sokuzivikela komzimba ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nzima ngoba izimpawu zivame ukungacaci futhi zifana nezinye izifo.

Ngokuvamile, udokotela uzokwenza izinto ezinjengalezi:

1. Uzobuzwa imininingwane: ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu onazo, ukuthi usunesikhathi esingakanani unazo, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini emndenini wakho oke waba nezifo ezifanayo.

2. Uhlola umzimba: Uhlola umzimba.

3. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu.

• Ukuhlolwa okufana ne-ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) kanye ne-CRP (C-Reactive Protein) ukuhlola ukuvuvukala emzimbeni.
• Ukuhlolwa okubheka ama-autoantibodies athile, okungukuthi, ama-antibodies akhiqizwa emizimbeni yethu. Isibonelo, ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) . Uma lokhu kukuhle, kusolwa isimo sokuzivikela komzimba.
• Kukhona nokuhlolwa okuqondile kwama-antibody kwezinye izifo ezizimele.

4. Ezinye izivivinyo: Ngezinye izikhathi ama-X-ray, ama-scan, njll., kuye ngokuthi isitho sithintekile.Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe noma i-biopsy (okuhlanganisa ukuthatha ingxenye encane yezicubu bese uyibheka ngaphansi kwe-microscope) nakho kungenziwa.

Ngemva kokwenza konke lokhu, udokotela ufika esiphethweni.

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokwelapha lokhu? Ungakuphatha kanjani? (Ukwelashwa Nokuphathwa)

Nakuba izifo eziningi zokuzivikela komzimba zingelapheki ngokuphelele, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo ezingasiza ekulawuleni lesi sifo, zinciphise izimpawu, futhi zenze impilo ibe lula. Imigomo eyinhloko yokwelapha yile:

• Ukunciphisa izimpawu: Ukulawula izinto ezifana nobuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, nokukhathala.
• Ukulawula izinqubo zokuzivikela komzimba: Ukuvimba noma ukunciphisa ukuhlasela kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela emzimbeni waso.
• Ukuvikela ikhono lomzimba lokulwa nezifo zangempela: Ukulawula isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela kuphela ngezinga elidingekayo, ngaphandle kokusicindezela ngokweqile.
• Ukunciphisa noma ukuvimbela umonakalo ezithweni zomzimba.

Okulandelayo kusetshenziswa kakhulu njengokwelashwa:

• Imithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala: Ama-painkiller afana nama-NSAID (Imithi Engavimbi Ukuvuvukala) anciphisa ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala.
• Ama-Corticosteroids: Isibonelo, i-Prednisolone. Lawa angalawula ngokushesha amasosha omzimba kanye nokuvuvukala. Kodwa-ke, angabangela imiphumela emibi uma esetshenziswa isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke kufanele athathwe kuphela njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela.
• Ama-immunosuppressants: Le mithi isebenza ngokunciphisa ukusebenza kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, ivimbele ukuthi singalimazi umzimba wakho. Lokhu kufanele futhi kusetshenziswe ngaphansi kokuqashwa ngudokotela.
• Imithi ye-biologic: Lezi izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha, eziqondiwe ezisiza ukulawula lesi sifo ngokuthinta izingxenye ezithile kuphela zesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. Lezi zingabiza kakhulu.
• Ukwelashwa okuqondile kwezimpawu: Isibonelo, isifo sikashukela sidinga i-insulin. Ubuhlungu bamalunga bungelashwa nge-physiotherapy.

Ngaphezu kwemithi, izinguquko zendlela yokuphila nazo zibaluleke kakhulu:

• Ukudla okunempilo: ukudla okunempilo kanye neziphuzo.
• Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo: Njengoba kufanele umzimba.
• Ukulawula ukucindezeleka: Izinto ezifana nokuzindla kanye ne-yoga.
• Ukulala ngokwanele.
• Gwema ukubhema.

Mayelana nokuphila nesimo sokuzivikela komzimba

Kuvamile ukuzizwa udabuke futhi wesaba uma uthola ukuthi unesifo sokuzivikela komzimba, ngoba eziningi zalezi yizifo ezingamahlalakhona, okusho ukuthi zihlala isikhathi eside.

Kodwa khumbula, awuwedwa. Izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke ziphila ngempumelelo nalezi zimo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu yile:

• Gcina ubuhlobo obuhle nodokotela wakho. Yiya emitholampilo njengoba kuhleliwe, thatha imithi yakho njengoba uyalelwe, bese utshela udokotela wakho uma unemibuzo.
• Zifundise ngesifo sakho. Khona-ke uzoqonda ukuthi ungaphila kanjani naso.
• Thola ukwesekwa emndenini nakubangani. Batshele ngesimo sakho.
• Kuwusizo olukhulu futhi uma ungajoyina amaqembu okusekelana nabantu abasesimweni esifanayo.
• Qonda ukuthi kungase kube nezikhathi zokwanda kwezimpawu (ukuqubuka) kanye nezikhathi zokuncipha kwezimpawu (ukungakhululeki). Lungiselela lokhu kusenesikhathi.
• Nakekela impilo yakho yengqondo futhi. Funa iseluleko uma kudingeka.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ake sibukeze amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu mayelana nokuzivikela komzimba esikhulume ngawo namuhla.

• Ukuzivikela komzimba kwenzeka lapho amasosha omzimba wethu ehlasela ngephutha amangqamuzana nezicubu zethu ezinempilo.
• Akulona iphutha lakho leli, futhi akulona into oyenzile. Futhi akusona isifo esithathelwanayo.
• Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezifo ezibangelwa ukuzivikela komzimba, ezingathinta izingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba.
• Izimpawu zingahlukahluka futhi zingacaci. Uma ungabaza noma uma izimpawu ziqhubeka, kuwukuhlakanipha ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.
• Nakuba izifo eziningi zokuzivikela komzimba zingelapheki ngokuphelele, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo ezingalawula izimpawu futhi zithuthukise ikhwalithi yokuphila.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxilonga lesi sifo kusenesikhathi futhi uthole ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo nokunembile.
• Awuwedwa kulolu hambo. Ngeseluleko sezokwelapha esifanele kanye nokusekelwa, ungaphila kahle nalesi simo.

Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nalokhu, ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela womndeni wakho noma uchwepheshe.

` ukuzivikela komzimba, amasosha omzimba, izifo ezizimele, izifo ezizimele, amasosha omzimba, impilo yaseSri Lanka, isihloko sezokwelapha saseSinhala