Ake sifunde kabanzi nge-Leptospirosis - Indlela yokuhlala uphephile kuyo!

Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo esesabekayo esivame ukukhulunywa ngaso ngesikhathi sezimvula ezweni lakithi. Uke wezwa 'ngomkhuhlane wezinyosi' ? Yilokho okuyikho. Kodwa ngokwezokwelapha, sibizwa ngokuthi i-Leptospirosis. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi kuyini lokhu, kubangelwa kanjani, yiziphi izimpawu, nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani kukho.

Kuyini i-Leptospirosis? Kalula nje...

I-Leptospirosis ukutheleleka okubangelwa uhlobo lwebhaktheriya elibizwa ngokuthi i-Leptospira. Leli bhaktheriya lingangena emzimbeni wakho ngokuklwebheka okuncane noma ukusikeka esikhumbeni sakho, noma ezindaweni ezivulekile njengamehlo akho, ikhala, noma umlomo. Cabanga ngakho njengesigebengu esigqekeza endlini yakho.

Lesi yisifo esibangelwa yizilwane ezizalwa naso . Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungasithola lesi sifo uma uthintana ngqo nomchamo (siwubiza ngokuthi umchamo ) noma uketshezi oluvela ohlelweni lokuzala lwesilwane esithelelekile, noma uma udla amanzi, inhlabathi, noma ukudla okungcoliswe yileli gciwane.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa lokhu?

Empeleni, noma ubani emhlabeni angathola i-leptospirosis. Kodwa-ke, ivame kakhulu emazweni ashisayo, ashisayo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinemvula enhle unyaka wonke . Izwe lethu, iSri Lanka, lingenye yazo. Ngakho-ke, uma uhlala endaweni enjalo, noma uma uhamba, ingozi iphakeme.

Cabanga ngakho ngale ndlela:

• Abalimi abasebenza emasimini , abantu abasebenza emaxhaphozini.
• Abantu abahlanza izinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi , abasebenzi bakamasipala.
• Abantu abasebenza eduze nezilwane emapulazini (njengezinkomo, izimbuzi, izingulube, nezinja).
• Kulabo abahamba emanzini angcolile ngesikhathi sezinhlekelele zemvelo njengezikhukhula , kanye nezisebenzi zosizo.
• Ngezinye izikhathi, le ngozi ingaba khona ngisho nalapho ubhukuda emfuleni, emseleni, emfudlaneni, noma echibini ukuze uzijabulise , ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho amanzi ebhekwa njengangcolile, noma lapho wenza imidlalo yasemanzini (njengokugibela isikebhe emanzini amhlophe). Le ngozi inkulu nakakhulu ngesikhathi semvula nangemva kwezikhukhula.

Ngisho naseMelika, lesi sifo sisabalale ngemuva kwezikhukhula emazweni afana neHawaii neFlorida. Ngakho-ke lokhu akuyona into okufanele ithathwe kalula.

Sivame kangakanani lesi sifo? Sivame kangakanani kubantu?

Emhlabeni jikelele, kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi bathola i-leptospirosis minyaka yonke . Kulaba , cishe izinkulungwane ezingamashumi ayisithupha ziyafa . Lokhu kusho ukuthi lesi yisifo esingaba yingozi. Yingakho kubalulekile ngathi ukuqaphela lokhu.

Yiziphi izigaba ze-leptospirosis?

Kunezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-leptospirosis.

1. Isigaba se-Leptospiremic noma isigaba esibuhlungu:Lesi yisigaba sokuqala. Lesi sigaba singaqala ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kweziyishumi nane ngemuva kokungena kwebhaktheriya i-'Leptospira' emzimbeni. Ngokuvamile sithatha cishe izinsuku ezintathu kuya kweziyishumi. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, amagciwane ajikeleza egazini lakho futhi ahambe aye ezithweni zakho zangaphakathi . Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngalesi sikhathi kungabonisa izimpawu zokutheleleka. Abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu ezincane njengomkhuhlane phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kanti abanye bangase bangabi nazo nhlobo izimpawu.

2. Isigaba sokuzivikela komzimba (isigaba sokugcina): Kulesi sigaba, amabhaktheriya asevele esakazeke esuka egazini aya ezithweni zakho zomzimba. Lawa mabhaktheriya aqoqana ezinso, ikakhulukazi ezinso . (Izinso zifana nesihlungi emzimbeni wethu esihlanza igazi). Ngakho-ke, uma wenza ukuhlolwa komchamo ngalesi sikhathi, ungathola izimpawu zamabhaktheriya. Ungabona futhi ama-antibodies alwa namabhaktheriya e-'Leptospira' egazini lakho.

Kungalesi sikhathi sokusabela kwamasosha omzimba lapho abanye abantu beba nesimo esibi esibizwa ngokuthi i-Weil's syndrome . Lokhu kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu njengokuphuma kwegazi ngaphakathi, ukulimala kwezinso, kanye nokuphuzi kwamehlo nesikhumba (i-jaundice).

Ziyini izimpawu ze-leptospirosis?

Abanye abantu baba nezimpawu ezincane njengomkhuhlane, kanti abanye abanazo nhlobo izimpawu. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, izimpawu zifaka phakathi ukopha kwangaphakathi kanye nokulimala kwezitho zomzimba.

Izimpawu ezibonakala ngokuzumayo ku-leptospirosis ebukhali:

• Ukuba nomkhuhlane ophezulu
• Ukubomvu kwamehlo (umjovo we-conjunctival)
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ukugodola ( ukuzizwa ubanda )
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Uhudo
• Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba namehlo (i-Jaundice) - Lokhu kuyisibonakaliso okufanele usiqaphele.
• Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, ukuqubuka

Izimpawu ze-leptospirosis enzima ``Weil's syndrome'' (zingavela ezinsukwini ezingu-3-10 ngemva kokuqala kwezimpawu zokuqala):

• Ukukhwehlela igazi (i-hemoptysis)
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukuphefumula okunenkinga
• Ukuphuzi okumnyama kwesikhumba namehlo
• Indle emnyama , ephuzile - Lokhu kungaba uphawu lokopha ngaphakathi.
• Igazi emchameni (i-hematuria)
• Ukuncipha kokuchama
• Amabala abomvu ayisicaba esikhumbeni, afana nokuqubuka (i-petechiae)

Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu ezinzima, kufanele uye esibhedlela ngokushesha .

Izimbangela kanye nokusabalala kwe-leptospirosis

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, i-leptospirosis ibangelwa yibhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuthi 'i-Leptospira'. Leli bhaktheriya lingena emzimbeni wakho ngomlomo, ekhaleni, emehlweni, noma esikhumbeni sakho. Libe selihamba ngegazi lakho liye ezithweni zakho zomzimba, ikakhulukazi ezinso zakho. Izinso yilapho igazi lethu "lihlanzwa khona".

Izinso zikhipha udoti kanye nobuthi ngomchamo. Ngakho-ke, la mabhaktheriya asezinso nawo aphuma emzimbeni ngomchamo. Yileyo ndlela i-leptospirosis edluliselwa ngayo komunye umuntu noma isilwane.

Ngokuvamile, abantu batheleleka ngalesi sifo ngomchamo wezilwane ezinegciwane elithi 'Leptospira'. Amagundane yiwona athwala kakhulu, yingakho ebizwa ngokuthi 'umkhuhlane wamagundane'. Kodwa akuzona amagundane kuphela, kodwa nanoma yisiphi isilwane esincelisayo njengezinja, izinkomo, amahhashi, izingulube esingasithola lesi sifo, futhi singasithola kuzo. Ezinye izilwane zingase zingabonisi izimpawu uma zithola lesi sifo.

Ngakho-ke, uma uthintana namanzi (amanzi asensimini, amanzi angcolile, amanzi ezikhukhula) noma inhlabathi engcoliswe umchamo walezi zilwane, ungagula. Kalula nje:

• Ukuthintana ngqo nomchamo noma olunye uketshezi lomzimba lwesilwane esinalesi sifo.
• Ngokufaka amanzi noma inhlabathi engcolile emehlweni akho, ekhaleni, noma emlonyeni, noma ngokuthinta isikhumba esiphukile .

Ngemva kwezimvula ezinkulu noma izikhukhula, abantu abaningi bangahlaselwa yilesi sifo ngesikhathi esisodwa. Njengoba amanzi ezikhukhula egeleza, la magciwane aqoqana emifuleni, emifuleni nasemachibini.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi i-leptospirosis ayivamile ukudluliselwa isuka komunye umuntu iye komunye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ayinakudluliselwa ngokukhuluma noma ngokuxhawulana nomuntu ogulayo.

Lesi sifo sitholakala kanjani? (Ukuxilongwa)

Uma unezimpawu ze-leptospirosis, udokotela uzokuxilonga futhi akubuze ngezimpawu zakho, ukuthi ubukuphi (ikakhulukazi uma uke wachayeka emanzini angcolile), nokuthi wenzani. Ngemuva kwalokho, kungenziwa izivivinyo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo: Kuthathwa igazi elincane engalweni yakho, noma kuthathwa isampula yomchamo, bese kwenziwa ukuhlolwa ukuhlola izimpawu zebhaktheriya iLeptospira.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Uma unezimpawu ezinzima, udokotela wakho angenza i -X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan . Lokhu kungahlola umonakalo ezithweni zakho zangaphakathi.

Iphathwa kanjani i-leptospirosis?

Odokotela belapha i-leptospirosis ngama -antibiotic . Uma unezimpawu ezilula nezincane, bangakutshela ukuthi ubone ukuthi uyalulama yini ngaphandle kokwelashwa, kodwa kufanele uqaphele izimpawu zakho.

Uma une-leptospirosis enzima (njenge-Weil's syndrome), kuzodingeka nakanjani ulaliswe esibhedlela.Ama-antibiotic abe esenikezwa ngqo egazini ngesisombululo sikasawoti (IV). Kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izitho zakho ezithintekile, kungadingeka imithi eyengeziwe noma ukwelashwa.

Imithi nezindlela ezisetshenziswa ekwelapheni:

• Ama-antibiotic: Kusetshenziswa ama-antibiotic afana ne -doxycycline, i-amoxicillin , i-ampicillin, i-penicillin-G, kanye ne-ceftriaxone kulokhu. Udokotela uzonquma ukuthi yimuphi umuthi azokunika wona ngokusekelwe ekutheni isimo sakho sibi kangakanani kanye nomlando wakho wezempilo.
• Umoya wokungenisa umoya ngomshini: Uma ukutheleleka sekusakazekele emaphashini akho futhi unenkinga yokuphefumula, kungadingeka unikezwe umshini wokuphefumula. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, uzolaliswa.
• I-Plasmapheresis: Ebizwa nangokuthi ukushintshaniswa kwe-plasma, lokhu kwelashwa kungasiza abantu abasengozini yokulimala kwezitho zomzimba ngenxa ye-leptospirosis. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha igazi lakho ngepayipi elixhunywe emthanjeni, usebenzisa umshini ukuhlukanisa i-plasma egazini lakho, ulifake esikhundleni salo nge-plasma esikhundleni salo, bese ulibuyisela emzimbeni wakho.

Ungazilawula kanjani izimpawu?

Uma unezimpawu ezincane, udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi wenzeni ukuze asize ekunciphiseni izimpawu. Ngomkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba, ungathatha imithi yokunciphisa izinhlungu ongayithenga esitolo njenge-ibuprofen (isb., i-Advil®, i-Motrin®) noma i-acetaminophen (isb., i-Tylenol®, i-Panadol®). Kodwa ungaphuzi noma yimuphi umuthi njalo ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho .

Ungazivikela kanjani ku-leptospirosis? (Ukuvimbela)

Okwamanje akukho muthi wokugomela lokhu e-United States, futhi kunjalo nasezweni lethu. Ngakho-ke, indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela ku-leptospirosis ukugwema ukubhukuda noma ukuzulazula emanzini angase angcoliswe umchamo wezilwane . Ikakhulukazi gwema amanzi ezikhukhula.

Nazi ezinye izindlela onganciphisa ngazo ingozi yakho:

• Ukuthatha I-Prophylaxis: Uma uya endaweni enobungozi obukhulu noma wenza umsebenzi onobungozi obukhulu (isib. umsebenzi wokusiza ngezikhukhula), buza udokotela wakho ukuthi ungayithatha yini imithi (isib. i-doxycycline) ukuvimbela lesi sifo ukuthi singabi khona.
• Hlala kude nezilwane ezingase zibe ne-leptospirosis. Ungahlali ezindaweni lapho amagundane evame khona.
• Uma usebenza nezilwane noma usendaweni lapho zikhona khona, gqoka izingubo zokuzivikela kanye nezicathulo (isib. amabhuzu uma uya ensimini).
• Uma kufanele ufake izandla zakho emanzini noma enhlabathini engase ibe nokungcola, gqoka izicathulo zokuzivikela nezingubo.
• Yeka ukugeza nokudlala imidlalo yasemanzini emachibini, emifuleni, nasemifudlaneni ngemva kwesikhukhula.
• Phuza amanzi ahlanzekile kuphela. Ungaphuzi amanzi ngqo avela emachibini, emifuleni, noma emifuleni. Okungenani wabilise kahle bese uwaphuza.
• Uma kufanele uphathe izilwane ezifile, gqoka amagilavu. Ungazithinti ngezandla ezingagqokile, bese ugeza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho ngemva kwalokho.
• Mboza amanxeba avulekile nemihuzuko esikhumbeni sakho ngebhandeshi elingangeni manzi.

Kwenzekani uma uthola i-leptospirosis? (Isibikezelo)

Iningi lamacala e-leptospirosis lincane, futhi ngezinye izikhathi liyaphela ngaphandle kokwelashwa . Kodwa-ke, udokotela uzoqapha izimpawu zakho.

Uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu, noma uma uba nezimpawu ezintsha, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Uma unezimpawu ze-Weil's syndrome, iya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze nawe.

I-leptospirosis ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

I-leptospirosis encane ingahlala kusukela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya emavikini ambalwa. Uma une-leptospirosis enzima, kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela cishe amasonto amabili. Amacala amakhulu angathatha izinyanga eziningana ukuze alulame ngokugcwele.

Ngingabuyela nini emsebenzini/esikoleni?

I-Leptospirosis ayivamile ukudluliselwa isuka komunye umuntu iye komunye, ngakho-ke uma usuphilile futhi uzizwa ungcono, ungabuyela emsebenzini noma esikoleni.

Ingabe abantu bayasinda ku-leptospirosis?

Yebo, impela. Iningi labantu abathola i-leptospirosis abanazo izimpawu, noma izimpawu ezincane kakhulu, futhi bayazixazulula ngokwabo.

Cishe yi-1% yabantu abathola i-leptospirosis abathola isimo esibi esaziwa ngokuthi i-'Weil's syndrome .' I-Weil's syndrome ingaba yingozi uma ingelashwa ngokushesha noma uma ukwelashwa kwephuza. Kodwa-ke , uma iqashelwa kusenesikhathi futhi yelashwa kahle, kunethuba elihle lokululama ngokugcwele.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

Uma kutholakale ukuthi une-leptospirosis, qapha izimpawu zakho ngokucophelela. Tshela udokotela wakho uma ziba zimbi kakhulu noma uma uthola izimpawu ezintsha. Phuza uketshezi oluningi bese uphumula.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma uke wavezwa emanzini noma enhlabathini okungenzeka ukuthi ungcolisiwe bese uba nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ze-leptospirosis, bona udokotela.

Kufanele uye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma unalezi zimpawu, hamba esibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha:

• Uma ukhwehlela futhi uphuma igazi
• Uma unezinhlungu esifubeni
• Uma unenkinga yokuphefumula
• Uma amehlo nesikhumba kuba phuzi
• Uma unezitulo ezimnyama, ezihlala isikhathi eside
• Uma kukhona igazi emchameni
• Uma inani lomchamo elikhiqizwayo lehlile
• Uma unamabala abomvu esikhumbeni sakho (njengokuqubuka)

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Uma ubona udokotela wakho, ungabuza le mibuzo:

• Ngithole kanjani lesi sifo?
• Kufanele ngiphinde ngimbone nini udokotela?
• Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele ngiziqaphele, futhi kufanele ngikhulume nawe uma zivela?
• Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele ngiye ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo ukuze ngizihlole?

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Leptospirosis, noma 'umkhuhlane wamagundane' njengoba siwubiza kanjalo, ukutheleleka okuvame ukubangela izimpawu ezincane, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nzima kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi usengozini yokuchayeka ngenxa yomsebenzi wakho noma izinto ozithandayo.

Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi kufanele uyeke ukugwedla isikebhe sakho nokugwedla emasimini. Ngokwazi izingozi, ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha, nokuqaphela izimpawu, ungahlala uphilile futhi uphephile. Qaphela kakhulu ngesikhathi semvula nangesikhathi sezikhukhula. Ukugcina indawo okuyo ihlanzekile nakho kuyindlela enhle yokuhlala uphephile kulezi zifo.

Umkhuhlane wamagundane , i-Leptospirosis, i-Leptospirosis, Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, Izifo zezilwane, Izifo zezinso, Ukuvimbela