Ake sifunde ngqo nge-leukemia. Iyini ngempela, futhi ingabe yinto okufanele uyesabe?

Kungenzeka ukuthi wesaba kancane lapho uzwa igama elithi " leukemia ." Lokho kuyinto evamile, ngoba sivame ukwesaba lapho sizwa amagama anjengalawa. Kodwa uma ufunda kahle ukuthi iyini, kungani yenzeka, yiziphi izimpawu, nokuthi ikhona yini indlela yokwelapha, lokho kwesaba kuncipha kakhulu. Ngakho-ke namuhla, sizokhuluma ngalesi simo somdlavuza wegazi esibizwa ngokuthi i-leukemia ngendlela elula kakhulu ongayiqonda. Njengoba nje umngane noma ilungu lomndeni lingakutshela ngakho.

Kuyini i-Leukemia?

Kalula nje, i-leukemia umdlavuza oqala egazini . Umnkantsha wamathambo yindawo eyinhloko lapho kwenziwa khona igazi emzimbeni wethu. Kufana nefektri. Ngaphakathi kwalo mnkantsha wamathambo, amangqamuzana egazi, ikakhulukazi amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi angakavuthwa, aqala ukukhula ngokushesha nangokungajwayelekile. Igama elithi "leukemia" livela emagameni esiGreki athi "leukos" (omhlophe) kanye nelithi "haima" (igazi).

Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza , i-leukemia ngokuvamile ayikhiqizi isimila esingabonakala ku- X-ray noma ku-CT scan .

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-leukemia. Ezinye izinhlobo zivame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane, kanti ezinye zivame kakhulu kubantu abadala. Izindlela zokwelapha zincike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lwe-leukemia, iminyaka yakho, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.

I-leukemia ikhula kanjani?

I-leukemia iqala emnkantsheni wamathambo , ingxenye ethambile nethambile yamathambo ethu. Yilapho amangqamuzana egazi imizimba yethu ewadingayo enziwa khona. Lawa maseli egazi awakheki nje ngesikhathi esisodwa, adlula ezigabeni eziningana ngaphambi kokuba avuthwe ngokugcwele. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zamaseli egazi aphilile navuthiwe:

• Amangqamuzana egazi abomvu : Lawa yiwo athwala umoya-mpilo nezinye izinto ezibalulekile emizimbeni yethu yonke.
• Amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi : Umsebenzi wawo ukulwa nezifo.
• Ama-Platelet : Lawa asiza ekuqhekekeni kwegazi.

Wonke la maseli egazi aqala kumaseli akhethekile abizwa ngokuthi amaseli e-hematopoietic stem. Lawa maseli e-stem abe esehlukana abe izinhlobo ezimbili: amaseli e-myeloid namaseli e-lymphoid. Uma lawa ekhula ngendlela evamile, amaseli avuthiwe akhayo yilawa:

• Amaseli e-Myeloid (`(amaseli e-Myeloid)`)Zikhiqiza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, ama-platelet, kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi (ama-basophil, ama-eosinophil , nama-neutrophil).
• Amaseli e-lymphoid adala ezinye izinhlobo zamaseli amhlophe egazi (ama-lymphocyte) namaseli okubulala emvelo.

Kodwa, kumuntu one-leukemia, elinye lala maseli egazi akhulayo liqala ukuhlukana ngokushesha nangokungalawuleki . Sibiza la maseli angajwayelekile ngokuthi “amangqamuzana e-leukemia.” Lawa maseli e-leukemia athatha isikhala emnkantsheni wamathambo, aminyanise isikhala samangqamuzana abomvu anempilo, amangqamuzana amhlophe, nama-platelet.

I-leukemia ithinta kanjani umzimba wakho?

Cabanga ukuthi kwenzekani uma kunamangqamuzana amaningi kakhulu e-leukemia kanye namaseli anempilo ambalwa kakhulu. Lokhu kuphakamisa imibuzo eminingana:

• Amaseli e-leukemia awenzi lutho ukugcina umzimba wakho uphilile.
• Ngenxa yokuthi amangqamuzana e-leukemia agcwalisa umongo wamathambo, amangqamuzana egazi aphilile awanayo indawo yokukhula nokukhula kahle .
• Ngakho-ke, umzimba awukhiqizi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anele, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi anempilo, nama-platelet ukuze akwazi ukunqwabelana egazini.
• Ngenxa yalokho, izitho zakho zomzimba nezicubu azitholi umoya-mpilo owanele. Umzimba wakho awukwazi ukulwa nezifo noma ukujiya kwegazi uma wopha.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-leukemia?

Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko ze-leukemia kanye nezinhlobo eziningana. Odokotela bahlukanisa i-leukemia ngokusekelwe ekutheni lesi sifo sisakazeka ngokushesha kangakanani nokuthi amaseli e-leukemia avela kumaseli e-myeloid noma e-lymphoid.

Ngesivinini sokuqhubeka kwesifo

• I-Acute leukemia : Kulolu hlobo lwe-leukemia, amangqamuzana ahlukana ngokushesha kakhulu, futhi lesi sifo siqhubeka ngokushesha. Uma une-acute leukemia, uzoqala ukuzizwa ugula phakathi namasonto ambalwa. Lokhu kungaba yingozi empilweni, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kufanele kuqalwe ngokushesha . I-acute leukemia uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane.
• I-leukemia Engapheli : Kulolu hlobo, amangqamuzana e-leukemia ngezinye izikhathi aziphatha njengamaseli angavuthiwe futhi ngezinye izikhathi afana namaseli avuthiwe. Amanye amangqamuzana akhula ngezinga elithile futhi enza umsebenzi wawo ngezinga elithile - kodwa hhayi kahle njengamaseli anempilo. Lesi sifo siqhubeka kancane kakhulu kunase-leukemia ebukhali. Uma une-leukemia engapheli, ungase ungabi nazimpawu ezinkulu iminyaka eminingi. Kuvame kakhulu kubantu abadala kunasezinganeni.

Ngohlobo lweseli

• I-leukemia ye-Myelogenous noma ye-Myeloid : Lokhu kuvela kumaseli e-myeloid. Amaseli e-myeloid ajwayelekile akhiqiza amaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet.
• I-leukemia ye-lymphocytic: Lokhu kukhiqizwa amangqamuzana e-lymphoid. Amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi akhiqizwa amangqamuzana avamile e-lymphoid ayingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yesimiso somzimba wethu sokuzivikela.

Izinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko ze-leukemia

Ngokuhlanganisa lezi zigaba ezimbili, izinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko ze-leukemia zitholakale:

1. I-Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (YONKE) : Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-leukemia olubonakala ezinganeni nakubantu abadala abasebasha (kuze kube yiminyaka engu-39). Kodwa-ke, lungenzeka nakubantu abadala banoma yimuphi ubudala.

2. I-Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) : Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-acute leukemia kubantu abadala. Luvame kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-65. Lungavela nasezinganeni ezincane.

3. I-Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) : Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-leukemia engapheli kubantu abadala (ikakhulukazi labo abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 ubudala). Ku-CLL, izimpawu zingathatha iminyaka eminingana ukuvela.

4. I-Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) : Lokhu kuvame kakhulu nakubantu abadala (ikakhulukazi labo abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65), kodwa kungathinta abantu abadala banoma yimuphi ubudala. Akuvamile kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane. Ku-CML, izimpawu zingathatha iminyaka eminingana ukuvela.

Ivame kangakanani i-leukemia?

Ngokwezibalo kwamanye amazwe emhlabeni jikelele, i-leukemia ibhekwa njengomdlavuza weshumi ovame kakhulu. Nakuba ingakhula kunoma ubani, amanye amaqembu atholakale esengozini enkulu kancane:

• Abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-65 no-74.
• Amadoda.
• Phakathi kwamanye amaqembu ezinhlanga (isib. amaCaucasian/abamhlophe - lokhu kuyidatha yangaphandle).

Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi i-leukemia yisifo esithinta izingane ezincane kuphela. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo ze-leukemia zivame kakhulu kubantu abadala. Nakuba i-leukemia ingavamile ezinganeni, iwuhlobo lomdlavuza oluvame kakhulu ezinganeni nakubantu abadala abasebasha.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-leukemia?

Izimpawu zincike ohlotsheni lwe-leukemia. Isibonelo, uma une-leukemia engapheli, ungase ungabi nazo izimpawu ezinkulu ezigabeni zokuqala.

Nazi ezinye zezimpawu ezivamile ze-leukemia:

• Ukukhathala okungazelelwe , ukukhathala kalula.
• Ukuba nomkhuhlane noma ukujuluka ebusuku .
• Ukutheleleka okuvamile.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula .
• Isikhumba esimpunga .
• Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• Ubuhlungu noma ukuqaqamba kwamathambo/amalunga .
• Ubuhlungu noma umuzwa wokugcwala ngaphansi kwezimbambo ohlangothini lwesobunxele.
• Ama-lymph node avuvukele entanyeni, emakhwapheni, embotsheni, noma esiswini, ubende noma isibindi esikhulile.
• Ukuphuka okulula nokophaUkopha ekhaleni, izinsini eziphuma igazi, ukuqubuka okufana namabala abomvu amancane esikhumbeni (i-petechiae) noma amabala ansomi/amnyama esikhumbeni.

Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, akusho ukuthi une-leukemia. Kodwa-ke, uma unalezi zimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela ukuze akunike iseluleko.

Ziyini izimbangela ze-leukemia?

I-leukemia iqala ngoshintsho (ukuguqulwa) ku-DNA yeseli elilodwa emnkantsheni wakho wethambo. I-DNA ifana "nesethi yemiyalelo." Le DNA itshela iseli ukuthi likhule nini, lakheke kanjani, nokuthi life nini.

Ngenxa yalolu guquko, amangqamuzana e-leukemia aqala ukuhlukana ngokuqhubekayo. Wonke amangqamuzana avela kuseli lokuqala eliguquliwe anale DNA eguquliwe.

Ososayensi abakakazi kahle ukuthi kungani la maseli eshintshashintsha, kodwa bathole ezinye izinguquko ezivamile ezibonakala kubantu abanezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-leukemia.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-leukemia?

Noma ubani angaba ne-leukemia. Kodwa-ke, izifundo zithole ukuthi izici ezithile zingandisa ingozi. Ezinye zalezi zici zifaka:

• Njengoba uke wathola ukwelashwa komdlavuza ngaphambilini : Uma uke wathola ukwelashwa komdlavuza njengokwelashwa ngemisebe noma ngamakhemikhali, kungenzeka ukuthi ube nezinhlobo ezithile ze-leukemia.
• Ukubhema : Uma ubhema noma ubhema intuthu ebhemayo, usengozini enkulu yokuthola i-acute myelogenous leukemia (AML).
• Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali ezimboni : I-Benzene ne-formaldehyde ngamakhemikhali abangela umdlavuza. Angatholakala ezintweni zokwakha kanye namakhemikhali asekhaya (amapulasitiki, irabha, udayi, izibulala-zinambuzane, imithi, izinsipho, insipho, ama-shampoo, kanye nezinto zokuhlanza).
• Izimo ezithile zofuzo : Izimo zofuzo ezifana ne-neurofibromatosis, i-Klinefelter syndrome, i-Schwachman-Diamond syndrome, kanye ne-Down syndrome zingandisa ingozi.
• Umlando womndeni we-leukemia : Ucwaningo lusikisela ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo ze-leukemia zingase zivele emindenini. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi, ukuthi othile emndenini wakho une-leukemia akusho ukuthi wena noma omunye emndenini wakho nizoba ne-leukemia. Tshela udokotela wakho uma wena noma othile emndenini wakho enesifo sofuzo. Bangase batuse ukuhlolwa kofuzo ukuze kuhlolwe ingozi yakho.

I-leukemia itholakala kanjani?

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile inganikeza udokotela wakho inkomba yokuthi ungase ube ne-leukemia ebukhali noma engamahlalakhona, nokuthi kudingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Noma, uma unezimpawu ze-leukemia, udokotela wakho angase akuncomele uchungechunge lwezivivinyo.

Ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga kungafaka:

• Ukuhlolwa komzimba : Udokotela uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho futhi azwe ama-lymph node avuvukele, udende olukhuphukile noma isibindi. Bazohlola futhi ukopha noma ukuvuvukala kwezinsini. Bangase futhi bahlole ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, okungaba bomvu, onsomi, noma onsundu, okuhambisana ne-leukemia.
• Ukubalwa Kwegazi Okuphelele (i-CBC) : Lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kungatshela udokotela wakho ukuthi inani lamaseli akho abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, kanye nama-platelet akuvamile yini. Uma une-leukemia, inani lamaseli akho amhlophe egazi cishe lizoba phezulu kakhulu kunejwayelekile.
• Ukuhlolwa kwamangqamuzana egazi : Udokotela wakho angase futhi acele ukuhlolwa kwegazi okwengeziwe ukuze abheke izimpawu zamangqamuzana e-leukemia noma uhlobo oluthile lwe-leukemia. I-Flow cytometry kanye ne-peripheral blood smear ezinye izivivinyo udokotela wakho angase azicele.
• I-Bone marrow biopsy (noma i-bone marrow aspiration) : Udokotela wakho angenza lolu vivinyo uma une-common effect ekubalweni kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi lakho. Kulolu vivinyo, kufakwa inaliti ende emathanjeni akho (ngokuvamile ethanjeni lakho lesinqe) ukuze kususwe isampula yoketshezi. Isampula bese ihlolwa elebhu ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini amangqamuzana e-leukemia. I-bone marrow biopsy inganquma iphesenti eliqondile lamangqamuzana angajwayelekile emathanjeni akho, okungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwe-leukemia.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe kanye nezinye izivivinyo : Uma izimpawu zakho zibonisa ukuthi i-leukemia ithinte amathambo akho, izitho zomzimba, noma izicubu, udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuba kwenziwe i-X-ray yesifuba, i-CT scan, noma i-MRI scan. Kodwa-ke, lezi zivivinyo zezithombe azikwazi ukubona amangqamuzana e-leukemia.
• Ukubhoboza i-Lumbar (noma ukumpompa umgogodla) : Udokotela angase ahlole isampula yoketshezi lomgogodla ukuze abone ukuthi i-leukemia isisabalele yini oketshezini oluzungeze ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla (uketshezi lomgogodla).

Iphathwa kanjani i-leukemia?

Ukwelashwa kwe-leukemia kuncike ohlotsheni lwe-leukemia onayo, iminyaka yakho kanye nempilo yakho iyonke, nokuthi ngabe i-leukemia isisabalale kwezinye izitho noma izicubu.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zingase zihlanganise okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali (`(Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali)`): Lokhu ukwelashwa okuvamile kakhulu kwe-leukemia. Kusebenzisa amakhemikhali (izidakamizwa) ukubulala amangqamuzana e-leukemia noma ukuwavimba ukuthi angahlukani. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, ungathola la makhemikhali (izidakamizwa) njengamaphilisi, njengomjovo emthanjeni, noma njengomjovo ngaphansi kwesikhumba. I-Chemotherapy ivame ukunikezwa kanye nemithi eminingana.
• Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy (noma ukwelashwa nge-biologic) : Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenzisa imithi ekhethekile ukuqinisa uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wakho—uhlelo lokuzivikela—ukulwa ne-leukemia. Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy kusiza uhlelo lwakho lokuzivikela ukuthi lubone amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi lukhiqize amangqamuzana amaningi okuzivikela ukuze alwe nawo.
• Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe : Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenzisa imithi eklanyelwe ukuhlasela izingxenye ezithile zeseli le-leukemia (njengeprotheni noma i-gene). Lezi zingxenye yizo ezibangela ukuba amangqamuzana e-leukemia abe maningi kuneseli legazi elijwayelekile. Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe kungavimba amangqamuzana e-leukemia ukuthi angahlukani, kunqamule ukuhlinzekwa kwegazi kwamaseli, noma kuwabulale ngokuphelele. Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe kubangela umonakalo omncane kumaseli ajwayelekile. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka phakathi ama-antibodies e-monoclonal kanye nama-tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe : Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenzisa imisebe enamandla aphezulu noma ama-X-ray ukubulala amangqamuzana e-leukemia noma ukuwavimba ekukhuleni kwawo. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, umshini ungaqondisa imisebe endaweni eqondile yamangqamuzana omdlavuza noma uyisabalalise kuwo wonke umzimba. Imisebe yomzimba wonke inganikezwa ngaphambi kokufakelwa iseli le-hematopoietic.
• Ukufakelwa kwamangqamuzana egazi (noma `iseli lesiqu` noma `ukufakelwa komnkantsha wamathambo`) : Kulokhu kwelashwa, amangqamuzana akha igazi anomdlavuza abhujiswe yi-chemotherapy kanye/noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe athathelwa indawo ngamaseli egazi amasha, anempilo. Udokotela wakho angase athathe lawa maseli anempilo kuwe ngaphambi kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe, noma angavela kumnikeli. Lawa maseli amasha anempilo ayahlukana futhi enze umnkantsha wamathambo namaseli egazi amasha (amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe, nama-platelet adingwa ngumzimba wakho).
• Ukwelashwa ngamaseli e-T e-Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) : Lolu uhlobo olusha lokwelashwa. Luhilela ukuthatha amaseli e-T omzimba wakho alwa nokutheleleka (uhlobo lweseli lomzimba elibizwa ngokuthi i-T-cell noma i-T-lymphocyte), ukuwaklama kabusha ukuze alwe namaseli e-leukemia, bese uwabuyisela emzimbeni wakho.

Ungase futhi ube nethuba lokubamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zemitholampilo ezihlola ukwelashwa okusha komdlavuza. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kokubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni esinjalo.

Yiziphi izigaba zokwelashwa kwe-leukemia?

Kuye ngohlelo lwakho lokwelashwa, ungathola ukwelashwa kwe-leukemia njalo isikhathi eside, noma ungathola ukwelashwa ngezigaba eziningana. Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa ngezigaba kuqukethe izingxenye ezintathu. Isigaba ngasinye sinomgomo othize.

1. Ukwelashwa ngokungenisa : Umgomo walokhu ukubulala amangqamuzana amaningi e-leukemia ngangokunokwenzeka egazini lakho kanye nasemnkantsheni wamathambo bese ubeka ukuphulukiswa. Ekuphumuleni, inani lamangqamuzana akho egazi libuyela esimweni esijwayelekile, amangqamuzana akho e-leukemia awasabonakali egazini lakho, futhi zonke izimpawu zesifo ziyanyamalala. Ukwelashwa ngokungenisa ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe amasonto amane kuya kwayisithupha.

2. Ukwelashwa kokuhlanganisa (okubizwa nangokuthi ``(Ukuqinisa)``) : Umgomo walokhu ukubhubhisa noma yimaphi amangqamuzana e-leukemia asele, angabonakali. Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza ukuthi ungabuyi. Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukunikezwa ngemijikelezo eminingana, esikhathini esiyizinyanga ezine kuya kweziyisithupha.

3. Ukwelashwa kokunakekelwa : Umgomo walokhu ukubhubhisa noma yimaphi amangqamuzana e-leukemia angase ahlale ngemva kwemijikelezo emibili yokuqala yokwelashwa nokuvimbela umdlavuza ukuthi ungabuyi (ukubuyela emuva). Lokhu kwelashwa kuqhubeka cishe iminyaka emibili.

Uma i-leukemia ibuya, udokotela wakho angase aqale kabusha noma ashintshe ukwelashwa kwakho.

Ngingalindela umphumela onjani ngemva kokuxilongwa ukuthi nginesifo se-leukemia?

Kunzima ukunikeza isibikezelo esiqondile se-leukemia, njengoba ulwazi lomuntu wonke luhlukile. Umphumela uncike ezintweni eziningana:

• Ukukhubazeka kwezakhi zofuzo noma ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo (`(Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo)`) : Ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ngaphakathi kwamaseli e-leukemia kuyisibonakaliso esibaluleke kakhulu somphumela.
• Uhlobo lwe-leukemia : Ezinye izinhlobo ze-leukemia zinemiphumela engcono kunezinye.
• Inani lamaseli egazi lapho kutholakala isifo : Inani lamaseli e-leukemia akhona lapho kutholakala isifo lingathinta nemiphumela yakho.
• Ubudala : Ngokuvamile, uma usemncane lapho uxilongwa, kulapho umphumela uba ngcono khona.
• Isimo sempilo : Ngokuvamile, uma uphilile kahle uma uxilongwa, umphumela uba ngcono.
• Impendulo yokwelashwa : Isikhathi esithathayo ukuze umdlavuza uphumule (`(Ukuxolelwa)`) singanikeza umbono wokuthi ukwelashwa kuphumelele kangakanani.
• Ukuba khona kwamangqamuzana e-leukemia ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi : Uma kukhona amangqamuzana oketshezini lwakho lomgogodla, kungaba nzima ukuwelapha.

Ekugcineni, udokotela wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi umdlavuza wakho ukuthinta kanjani ngendlela ehlukile. Babuze ngemiphumela yokwelashwa.

Ingabe i-leukemia ingelapheka ngokuphelele?

Ayikho into ebizwa ngokuthi "ukwelashwa okuphelele" kwe-leukemia. Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi abanye abantu abasayi ekuphumuleni kwesikhathi eside. Ukwelashwa kwe-leukemia kusho ukuthi umdlavuza usuphelile, ngeke ubuye, futhi akukho ukwelashwa okwengeziwe okudingekayo. Kodwa nge-leukemia, lokhu kunzima ukukusho ngokuqinisekile.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuxolelwa kwesikhathi eside kusho ukuthi azikho izimpawu zomdlavuza, ngokwelashwa noma ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Lokhu kuxolelwa kungahlala kusukela emavikini ambalwa kuya eminyakeni eminingana. I-leukemia ingase ingaphinde ibuye. Uma ibuya, udokotela wakho angase ancome izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha ukuze kufezwe ukuxolelwa.

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lingawuphendula kangcono umbuzo othi, "Ingabe i-leukemia yami iyelapheka?" Bazoqapha impilo yakho ngokucophelela futhi bakhe uhlelo lokwelashwa olufanele wena.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho?

Zinike amandla ngokufunda okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka mayelana nokuthi ukuxilongwa kwakho komdlavuza kukuthinta kanjani ngqo. Kungumqondo omuhle ukubhala phansi izinto bese uhamba nomngane wakho uma uya kudokotela wakho. Ungesabi ukubuza imibuzo.

Eminye imibuzo ongayibuza:

• Uhlobo luni lwe-leukemia enginalo? Luhlobo luni lwamaseli oluqukethwe kulo? Ingabe umdlavuza okhula ngokushesha noma okhula kancane?
• I-leukemia yatholakala nini kusenesikhathi?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha enginazo?
• Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi zendlela ngayinye yokwelapha?
• Yiluphi uhlelo lokwelashwa olungcono kakhulu kimi? Kungani?
• Ukwelashwa kufanele kuqale nini?
• Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukwelashwa (kanye nesigaba ngasinye sokwelashwa)?
• Kuzodingeka ngihlale isikhathi esingakanani esibhedlela?
• Yiziphi imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa? Yini engenziwa ukuze ivinjelwe noma incishiswe?
• Kuthiwani uma ngifuna ukuba nezingane? Yiziphi izindlela zokulondoloza ukuzala kwami?
• Lingakanani izinga lokusinda kohlobo lwami lwe-leukemia?
• Ingabe kufanele ngihlanganyele esivivinyweni somtholampilo?

Ngingalutholaphi ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nokusekelwa mayelana ne-leukemia?

Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo kwe-leukemia, ungavakashela amawebhusayithi aphesheya (isib., i-Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, i-National Cancer Institute, i-American Cancer Society). Futhi, buza udokotela wakho ngezinsizakusebenza zasendaweni kanye namaqembu okusekela.

Noma yikuphi ukuxilongwa komdlavuza kuyesabeka. Kodwa ukuxilongwa kwe-leukemia kungaba okwesabisa nakakhulu. Ngaphandle kwesimila okufanele sisuswe, kungaba nzima ukwazi ukuthi ukwelashwa kuzoba njani nokuthi ikusasa liphetheni. Khumbula, i-leukemia ayiyona into eyodwa efanelana nakho konke. Ukwelashwa kwakho kanye namathuba okuphumula kwesikhathi eside kuncike ezintweni eziningi. Akekho ongabikezela umphumela wakho ngaphandle kokuqonda impilo yakho kanye ne-leukemia, okuhlanganisa nezici zamaseli e-leukemia. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuthi kusho ukuthini kuwe ukuxilongwa kwe-leukemia.

Amaphuzu amafushane okufanele uwakhumbule

Kulungile, ngakho-ke ngokwalokho esikuxoxile, ngithemba ukuthi unombono omuhle nge-leukemia. Nazi izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzikhumbule:

• I-leukemia umdlavuza wegazi , obangelwa ukukhula okungalawuleki kwamaseli angajwayelekile emnkantsheni wethambo.
• Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalokhu: okubukhali nokungalapheki, kanye ne-myeloid kanye ne-lymphoid .
• Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka, futhi zingase zihlanganise ukukhathala okungazelelwe, ukutheleleka njalo, kanye nokulunywa kalula .
• Nakuba imbangela eqondile ingaziwa, izinguquko zofuzo, amakhemikhali athile, kanye nokwelashwa komdlavuza kwangaphambilini kungaba yizinto eziyingozi.
• Lesi sifo sitholakala kakhulu ngokuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nokuhlolwa komnkantsha wamathambo .
• Kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha (njenge-"Chemotherapy", "Immunotherapy", "Targeted therapy"), ezincike esigulini kanye nohlobo lwesifo.
• Esikhundleni sokukhuluma ngokwelashwa okuphelele, singathemba ukuthi kuzophela isikhathi eside .
• Ungesabi ukubuza imibuzo nokuthola ulwazi kudokotela wakho . Awuwedwa.

Sithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luwusizo kuwe. Hlala uphilile!

I - leukemia, i-leukemia, umdlavuza wegazi, umnkantsha wamathambo, amaseli egazi, izimpawu ze-leukemia, ukwelashwa kwe-leukemia