Konke ofuna ukukwazi mayelana ne-Bone Marrow Biopsy!

Uma udokotela wakho ekutshela ukuthi udinga ukuhlolwa komnkantsha, ungase ube novalo futhi ube nelukuluku, akunjalo? Ungase ube nemibuzo eminingi efana nokuthi, "Kuyini? Kungani kwenziwa? Ingabe kuzobuhlungu?" Ungakhathazeki, kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngakho konke ngendlela elula ongayiqonda.

Kuyini i-Bone Marrow Biopsy?

Kalula nje, i-bone marrow biopsy iyisivivinyo esikhethekile esenziwa ukuxilonga izifo ezihlobene negazi lakho kanye nomongo wamathambo. Ubuwazi ukuthi umongo wamathambo uyindawo eyinhloko emzimbeni wethu lapho kwenziwa khona igazi. Kufana nefektri. Kulesi sivivinyo, udokotela wakho ususa isampula encane, noma ingxenye, yalo mongo wamathambo ngaphakathi kwelinye lamathambo akho amakhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho, udokotela onguchwepheshe obizwa ngokuthi isazi sezifo ubheka lesi sampula ngaphansi kwe-microscope bese ehlola izimpawu zanoma yisiphi isifo. Lokhu kuhlolwa komongo wamathambo kubalulekile ukuxilonga ngokunembile izifo eziningi, ikakhulukazi izifo ezihlobene negazi kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza.

Ngakho-ke, uyini lo mnkantsha?

Cabanga nje, ngaphakathi kwamathambo amakhulu emzimbeni wethu, kukhona isikhala esingenalutho, njengangaphakathi kwepayipi. Ngaphakathi kwaleso sikhala esingenalutho kukhona okubizwa ngokuthi "iBone Marrow". Yakhiwe izingxenye ezimbili: ingxenye yezicubu ezithambile, ezithambile, kanye nengxenye ewuketshezi. Le ngxenye yezicubu emnkantsheni wethambo yiyo eyenza izinto ezintathu ezibalulekile emzimbeni wethu:

• Amangqamuzana egazi abomvu : Lawa amangqamuzana athwala umoya-mpilo emizimbeni yethu yonke. Uma siphefumula, umoya-mpilo ongena emaphashini usatshalaliswa kuwo wonke amangqamuzana emzimbeni yilawa mangqamuzana egazi abomvu.
• Amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi : Njengamandla okuzivikela emizimbeni yethu, lawa mangqamuzana amhlophe egazi asivikela kumagciwane kanye nezifo.
• Ama-Platelet: Uyazi ukuthi uyeka kanjani ukopha uma ulimele? Lawa ma-platelet ayasiza ngalokho. Uma umthambo wegazi uphukile, ayahlangana ukuze akhe ihlule futhi ayeke ukopha .

Ingxenye ewuketshezi yomnkantsha wethambo iqukethe amaseli okuqala , okungukuthi, amaseli angakavuthwa kodwa angaba amaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet. Futhi, amavithamini adingekayo ekuthuthukisweni kwala maseli akhiqizwa kule ngxenye ewuketshezi. Manje cishe uyaqonda ukuthi i-bone marrow biopsy ihlola le ngxenye yezicubu. Kodwa-ke, kukhona olunye ukuhlolwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-bone marrow aspiration , oluhlola leyo ngxenye ewuketshezi. Esikhathini esiningi, udokotela wakho uzokwenza lokhu kufisa ngesikhathi esifanayo ne-biopsy.

Kunini lapho udokotela encoma khona ukuthi kwenziwe i-bone marrow biopsy?

Ukuhlolwa komnkantsha kunganikeza odokotela ulwazi oluningi olubalulekile. Basebenzisa lolo lwazi ukuze:

• Ukuhlola noma ukuxilonga isimo sezokwelapha: Isibonelo, uma ubona ushintsho olungavamile enanini lamaseli egazi kusampula yegazi (kungaba liphansi kakhulu noma liphezulu kakhulu), udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi kwenziwe i-biopsy. Lokhu kungasiza ekuxilongeni izinto eziningi, okuhlanganisa izifo ezihlobene negazi, umdlavuza, imfiva engachazeki, kanye nokutheleleka.
• Uma unomdlavuza, thola isigaba sawo: Isigaba somdlavuza siwukuthi ususakazeke kangakanani nokuthi unzima kangakanani. Ukuhlolwa komnkantsha kungabonisa ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke emnkantsha noma ukuthi isimila somdlavuza emnkantsha siyakhula.
• Qaphela inqubekela phambili yokwelashwa: Ngezinye izikhathi, odokotela benza lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze babone ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza kahle kangakanani. Isibonelo, umuntu othola ukwelashwa komdlavuza angase ahlolwe njalo ukuze abone ukuthi umnkantsha wakhe ukhiqiza yini amaseli egazi aphilile ngemva kokwelashwa.

Okunye ukuthi le biopsy isetshenziselwa nokubona ukuthi umnikeli ufanelana kahle yini nomuntu ozofakelwa umongo wethambo (i-allogeneic stem cell transplant ). Ngezinye izikhathi, umuntu onamazinga aphansi amaseli egazi aphilile udinga ukufakelwa amaseli egazi aphilile avela komunye umuntu. Ukuze lokho kwenzeke, amaseli omnikeli kanye nomemukeli kumele afane.

Yiziphi izifo ezingatholakala nge-bone marrow biopsy?

Lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kuvame ukwenziwa ukuze kutholakale izimo ezibangela amaseli egazi amaningi kakhulu noma ambalwa kakhulu. Kuphinde kusetshenziswe ekuhloleni umdlavuza othinta igazi lakho noma umongo wamathambo. Nazi ezinye zezimo ezingabangela lokhu:

• I-anemia: Ukuntuleka kwamaseli abomvu egazi anele ukuthwala umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wonke. Siphinde sikubize ngokuthi " i-anemia ."
• I-Aplastic anemia: Isimo lapho umongo wethambo ungakwazi ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anele, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet.
• I-Leukopenia kanye ne-leukocytosis: Inani lamaseli amhlophe egazi eliphansi kakhulu (i-leukopenia) noma eliphakeme kakhulu (i-leukocytosis).
• I-Thrombocytopenia kanye ne-thrombocytosis: Inani lamaplatelet eliphansi kakhulu (i-thrombocytopenia) noma eliphakeme kakhulu (i-thrombocytosis).
• I-Polycythemia vera: Lona umdlavuza wegazi ongavamile lapho umongo wamathambo ukhiqiza khona amangqamuzana egazi abomvu amaningi kakhulu.
• I-leukemia: Umdlavuza wamaseli egazi. Ungabangela ukwakheka kwamaseli egazi angajwayelekile, ikakhulukazi amaseli egazi amhlophe.
• I-Lymphoma:Umdlavuza oqala ohlelweni lwe-lymphatic. Lokhu kungabangela nokukhubazeka ekubalweni kwamangqamuzana amhlophe nabomvu egazi.
• I-myeloma eningi: Lona futhi umdlavuza wegazi ongavamile. Uthinta amangqamuzana e-plasma, uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi.
• Umdlavuza wesibili: Umdlavuza oqala kwenye indawo emzimbeni (isib., ibele, amaphaphu) bese usakazekela kwenye indawo, njengomnkantsha.
• I-Myelofibrosis: Kulesi simo, umongo wethambo ushintshwa yizicubu zesibazi esine-fibrous.
• I-Myelodysplastic syndrome: Lesi yisifo somnkantsha wamathambo lapho amaseli okuqala angavuthwa kahle.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, le biopsy ingasiza futhi ekuboneni ukungalingani kwe-chromosome kanye nokuntuleka kwamavithamini athile. Lokhu kuntuleka kungabangela ukuthi umongo wethambo ukhiqize amangqamuzana egazi abomvu amise ngendlela engavamile noma amakhulu.

Ubani owenza le biopsy?

Lokhu kuhlolwa komnkantsha wethambo kuvame ukwenziwa udokotela ogxile ezifweni ezihlobene negazi (isazi segazi) noma udokotela ogxile kumdlavuza (isazi segazi) .

Ukulungiselela kanjani lokhu? Yini okudingeka uyenze?

Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela ngokuhlolwa futhi akunike imiyalelo yokuthi ungazilungiselela kanjani. Isibonelo, uma unikezwa umuthi wokudambisa ukuze ukusize ulale ngosuku lokuhlolwa, ungase ucelwe ukuba uzile ukudla ngobusuku bangaphambi kokuhlolwa. Uma kunjalo, kuzodingeka uhlele ukuthi othile akuyise ekhaya ngemoto. Udokotela wakho kuzodingeka azi umlando wakho wezokwelapha ophelele kanye nanoma yimiphi imithi oyiphuzayo njengamanje. Ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukuthi ubatshela ngalokhu:

• Ingabe unesifo esivimbela igazi lakho ukuthi lingajiyi kalula (njenge-hemophilia)?
• Ingabe uthatha noma yimiphi imithi (ikakhulukazi imithi yokunciphisa igazi noma imithi yokunciphisa igazi)?
• Ingabe uthatha amavithamini noma izithasiselo?
• Ingabe une-allergies kunoma yimiphi imithi?

Futhi, uma ukhulelwe, kufanele wazise udokotela. Ngokubatshela konke lokhu kusenesikhathi, ithimba lezokwelapha lingakusiza ukuthi wenze lokhu kuhlolwa ngokuphephile nangokukhululekile.

Yini ongayilindela uma kwenziwa i-biopsy?

Ukuhlolwa komnkantsha wethambo kungenziwa ehhovisi likadokotela noma esibhedlela. Yonke inqubo ithatha cishe imizuzu engama-30.Uzovukile ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, kodwa uzonikezwa i-anesthesia yendawo ukuze uzizwe ukhululekile. Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, uzonikezwa ingubo yasesibhedlela. Ungase futhi unikezwe umuthi wokudambisa ukuze uphumule. Izinyathelo zivame ukuhamba kanje: 1. Kuye ngokuthi kwenziwa kuphi i-biopsy, uzophendulwa ohlangothini lwakho noma esiswini sakho. Ama-biopsy amaningi omnkantsha wethambo enziwa ngemuva kwethambo lakho lesinqe (i-posterior iliac crest) . 2. Ngemuva kwalokho, udokotela wakho uzohlanza isikhumba endaweni ngesibulali-magciwane bese efaka umuthi oqeda izinhlungu esikhumbeni kuze kube yilapho ufika ethanjeni. 3. Bazokwenza i-incision encane bese befaka inaliti ekhethekile ye-biopsy ethanjeni lakho. 4. Besebenzisa isirinji encane enamathiselwe enalitini, kukhishwa inani elincane loketshezi emnkantsha wethambo lakho ( i-bone marrow aspiration esikhulume ngayo ngaphambili). 5. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufakwa inaliti engenalutho, efana nethubhu bese kususwa ucezu oluncane lwezicubu ezithambile emnkantsha wethambo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-core biopsy . Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi "i-core" yezicubu eziyisilinda isuswa enalitini. 6. Inaliti equkethe isampula iyasuswa, ingcindezi ifakwa esikhumbeni ukuze kumiswe ukopha, bese kufakwa ibhandishi phezu kwesilonda. Udokotela ube esethumela isampula elabhorethri. Lapho, ihlolwa izimpawu zesifo.

Ingabe lokhu kuyalimaza?

Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo. Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, kungaba yinto engakhululekile. Uma wenza i-bone marrow aspiration, okuyilapho kuthathwa ingxenye ewuketshezi, ungase uzwe ubuhlungu obukhulu obuhlabayo . Uma wenza i-core biopsy, okuyilapho kuthathwa ingxenye yezicubu, ungase uzwe ubuhlungu obungacacile nobubuhlungu isikhashana . Ngeshwa, ithambo alikwazi ukuba ndikindiki. Ngakho-ke, ungase uzizwe izinto ezifana nokucindezela, ukusunduza, ukudonsa, okuyinto engakhululekile kancane.

Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka mayelana nobuhlungu, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Bangakunikeza imithi yokukusiza uzizwe ukhululekile kakhudlwana, ngaphezu kokwenza indawo lapho kwenziwa khona i-biopsy ibe yizinzwa.

Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlolwa kwegazi?

Ngokuvamile ungaya ekhaya ngosuku olufanayo nokuhlolwa. Kodwa-ke, uma unikezwe umuthi wokudambisa, uzodinga umuntu ozokuhambisa ekhaya. Uma usuya ekhaya, kufanele ulandele imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo. Bangase bathi izinto ezifana nalezi:

• Uma uzwa ubuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki, thatha umuthi wokuqeda izinhlungu ongawuthola ekhemisi ngaphandle komuthi kadokotela.
• Gwema ukuzivocavoca noma ukwenza umsebenzi onzima okungenani amahora angama-24.
• Gcina indawo yenxeba yomile okungenani amahora angama-24.

Ingabe kukhona izingozi kulokhu?

Eqinisweni, izinkinga ezivela ekuhlolweni komnkantsha wethambo azivamile kakhulu.Kodwa-ke, akuvamile ukuba kube nokopha ngokweqile noma ukutheleleka endaweni yokuhlolwa kwegazi. Ngokuvamile, ukufaka ingcindezi endaweni kuzomisa ukopha. Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka, udokotela wakho angakunika ukhilimu wama-antibiotic ukuze uwusebenzise.

Zithini imiphumela? Zisitshelani?

Isampula yakho yomnkantsha ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope nguchwepheshe obizwa ngokuthi i-pathologist . Uma udokotela wakho ethola okutholakele, uzoxoxa nawe ngakho futhi akutshele ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo. Kuye ngemiphumela yakho, udokotela wakho angaqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, a-ode ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, noma ancome ukwelashwa, noma enze izinguquko ekwelashweni kwakho kwamanje. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukubuza udokotela wakho ukuthi imiphumela yakho isho ukuthini kuwe. Ngenxa yokuthi isimo somuntu wonke sihlukile, udokotela wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ukwazi kahle ukuthi imiphumela yakho isho ukuthini.

Kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha nini?

Uma uba nanoma yiziphi izimpawu zezinkinga ngemva kokuhlolwa, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Izimpawu ezinjalo zifaka:

• Uma kukhona ukopha ngokweqile noma uketshezi oluphuma endaweni yokuhlolwa kwegazi.
• Uma kukhona ukuvuvukala lapho kwenziwa khona i-biopsy.
• Indawo ibomvu (ikakhulukazi uma ubomvu busakazeka).
• Uma uthola umkhuhlane noma ubuhlungu buba bubi kakhulu .

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Uma unezimpawu zesifo segazi noma esinye isimo esithinta umongo wethambo, kuvamile ukuba kwenziwe i-bone marrow biopsy. Uma unemibuzo ethile mayelana nalokhu kuhlolwa noma ukhathazekile ngemizwa ngesikhathi se-biopsy, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Bangakunikeza imithi yobuhlungu ukuze bakusize uzizwe ukhululekile futhi ukhululekile. Bangaphinde bakuchazele isinyathelo ngasinye sokuhlolwa. Lokhu kuzokusiza uzizwe unolwazi futhi uqiniseka kakhudlwana uma wenza i-biopsy yakho. Ukunakekela impilo yakho kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu, ngakho ungesabi ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.

---