Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubhekene nomkhuhlane noma isilonda esinegciwane, kungenzeka ukuthi udokotela wakho unqume ukuthi unama-antibiotic. Le mithi iza ngezindlela eziningi—amaphilisi, ama-syrup, noma ngisho nemijovo. Namuhla, sifuna ukukhuluma nawe ngeklasi elithile, elinamandla lama-antibiotic abizwa ngokuthi ama-Lincosamides. Ungase ungalazi igama, kodwa kunethuba elihle lokuthi wena noma othandekayo wakho nike nanikwa umuthi kuleli qembu ngesinye isikhathi.
Kalula nje, ayini ama-Lincosamides?
Ama-Lincosamides ayiqembu elikhethekile lama-antibiotic. Cabanga ngawo njenge-Penicillin—isigaba esihlukile semithi eyenzelwe ngqo ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane . Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lawa awasebenzi kahle emagciwaneni, okusho ukuthi ngeke alaphe izimo ezifana nomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zama-Lincosamides asetshenziswa kwezokwelapha zanamuhla:
- I-Clindamycin: Lena yi-Lincosamide esetshenziswa kakhulu. Odokotela bavame ukuyinika imithi yokwelapha izifo zesikhumba , izinduna, kanye nezinkinga ezahlukene zezifo zabesifazane .
- I-Lincomycin: Uma isisetshenziswe kabanzi, manje ayisetshenziswa kakhulu.
- I-Pirlimycin: Lokhu akusetshenziselwa abantu; kugcinelwe imithi yezilwane ukwelapha izilwane.
Le mithi inikezwa kanjani?
Kuye ngesimo sakho sezokwelapha, udokotela wakho uzokhetha indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuletha imithi.
| Indlela | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Umlomo | Kuthathwa njengama-capsule, amaphilisi, noma ukumiswa koketshezi. |
| Okuphathelene nezihloko | Kusetshenziswa esikhumbeni njengokhilimu, ijeli, noma iloshini (isib., ye-acne). |
| Imisipha yemisipha | Kujovwa ngqo emsipheni, njengasehlombe noma endaweni ye-gluteal. |
| I-Intravenous (IV) | Kulethwa ngqo egazini. Lokhu kugcinelwe izifo ezingathi sína. |
| Ingaphakathi kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane | Kusetshenziswa njengokhilimu noma ama-suppositories ezifweni ezithile zabesifazane. |
Yiziphi izifo eziphathwa yi-Lincosamides?
Lolu hlobo lwama-antibiotic lusebenza kahle kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezimbili zamabhaktheriya:
1. Amagciwane ane-gram-positive:Lawa amabhaktheriya abonisa ukusabela okuthile ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwelebhu "ye-Gram stain", okubonisa ukuthi anesakhiwo esihlukile sodonga lweseli.
2. Amabhaktheriya angenawo umoya: Lawa ahlukile ngoba angaphila futhi achume ezindaweni ezingenawo umoya-mpilo . Avame ukutholakala emanxebeni ajulile, ezicutshini zezinsini, noma ngaphakathi esiswini.
Ngenxa yalokhu, udokotela wakho angase abancomele ezimweni ezifana nalezi:
- Ukutheleleka kwesikhumba nezicubu ezithambile: Kubandakanya amanxeba athelelekile noma i-cellulitis.
- Ukutheleleka kwe-MRSA: I- Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) engamelana ne-Methicillin iyigciwane eliyingozi elingamelana nama-antibiotic amaningi avamile. Ama-Lincosamides avame ukuba yingxenye ebalulekile yokwelashwa.
- Ukutheleleka ngomlomo namazinyo: Ukutheleleka okukhulu kwezinsini noma izimpande zamazinyo.
- Izifo zabesifazane: Njengesifo Sokuvuvukala Kwezitho Zangasese (PID).
- Amathumba emaphashini: Amaphakethe obovu noma ukutheleleka emaphashini.
- Ukutheleleka kwegazi: Izimo ezinzima zomzimba njenge-septicemia.
- Induna enkulu: Lapho ukwelashwa okujwayelekile kungazange kuphumelele.
- Amanxeba ajulile esiswini: Ukuvimbela ukusabalala kokutheleleka ngemva kokulimala kwangaphakathi.
- Ukuvimbela: Zisetshenziswa futhi ezigulini ezine-HIV ezithambekele ezinhlotsheni ezithile ze-pneumonia, noma ukuvimbela i-endocarditis ezigulini ezinezimo ze-valve yenhliziyo .
Okubaluleke kakhulu, sicela uqaphele ukuthi lawa ma-antibiotic ngokuvamile agcinelwe izifo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezingathi sína ezingaphendulanga ezinkethweni ezilula zama-antibiotic.
Zisebenza kanjani?
Indlela yokusebenza ilula impela. Ukuze amabhaktheriya akhule futhi asakazeke, kumele akhiqize amaprotheni athile. Ama-Lincosamides asebenza ngokuvimbela ikhono lamabhaktheriya lokukhiqiza la maphrotheni . Cabanga ngakho njengokususa usimende ngenkathi uzama ukwakha indlu; ngaphandle kwala maphrotheni, amabhaktheriya awakwazi ukusinda noma ukwanda.
Ngenxa yalokhu, le mithi ingavimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane (bacteriostatic) futhi, uma iqongelela kakhulu, ibhubhise ngokuphelele amagciwane (bactericidal).
Yiziphi imiphumela emibi engaba khona?
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, ama-Lincosamides angaba nemiphumela emibi. Izinkinga zesisu yizona ezivame kakhulu ukukhathazeka. Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinzima, sicela uxhumane nodokotela wakho noma uvakashele isevisi yezimo eziphuthumayo eseduze nawe ngokushesha.
| Isigaba | Izimpawu |
|---|---|
| Izinkinga Zokugaya Ukudla | Ukuqaqamba kwesisu, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, noma uhudo. |
| Eminye Imiphumela Emincane | Isiyezi , ukukhathala, noma uketshezi oluphuma esithweni sangasese sowesifazane/ukulunywa. |
| Uhudo Olubi Kakhulu | Indle enegazi noma isifo sohudo esingapheli nesinzima. |
| Ubunzima Bokuphefumula (`Ukuphelelwa Yithemba`) | Ukuphefumula kanzima noma umuzwa wokuqina kwesifuba. |
| Ukuqhuma Kwesikhumba | Ukuqubuka okusabalele, ukuqubuka, noma ukulunywa okukhulu. |
| Ubunzima Bokugwinya (`Dysphagia`) | Ukuzwa ukuvaleka noma ubuhlungu lapho ugwinya ukudla noma uketshezi. |
| I-Jaundice | Ukuphuzi kwamehlo nesikhumba. |
Ingabe zikhona izingozi ezinkulu?
Yebo, nakuba kungavamile, kunezingozi ezinkulu ezihlobene nale mithi. Ukwaziswa kubalulekile ukuze uphephe.
- I-Pseudomembranous colitis: Lesi yisimo esibalulekile esihlotshaniswa nama-lincosamides. Umuthi ungaphazamisa amabhaktheriya akho aphilile esiswini, uvumele amabhaktheriya ayingozi 'Clostridium difficile' ukuba akhule ngokweqile. Lokhu kungaholela ekuhudweni okukhulu kwegazi , umkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu besisu.
- I-Anaphylaxis: Ukusabela okusongela impilo, okunamandla okungezwani komzimba.
- I-Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS): Ukusabela kwesikhumba okungajwayelekile kodwa okungathi sína lapho isikhumba singase sibe namabala futhi siqhekeke khona, okufana nokusha okukhulu.
- Ukukhubazeka kwesibindi noma kwezinso.
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ezinkulu, yeka ukuthatha imithi ngokushesha bese uthintana nodokotela wakho . Unganqikazi ukufuna usizo oluphuthumayo (ER) uma kudingeka.
Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele Ngesikhathi Uthatha Lo Muthi
- Ukukhulelwa Nokuncelisa: Uma ukhulelwe, uhlela ukukhulelwa, noma ukuncelisa, kufanele wazise udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala lokhu kwelashwa.
- Izimo Ezikhona Ngaphambili: Yazisa udokotela wakho uma unesifo sesibindi, izinkinga zezinso, noma izimo zesisu (isib. isifo sikaCrohn ).
- Eminye Imithi: Tshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke eminye imithi oyithathayo, ikakhulukazi eminye imithi elwa namagciwane, njengoba kungenzeka ukusebenzisana.
- Isilinganiso kanye Nobude Besikhathi: Phuza umuthi njengoba nje uyalelwe isikhathi sonke. Ungayeki kusenesikhathi , noma ngabe uzizwa ungcono, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ekubuyeni kwegciwane.
- Isifo Sikashukela kanye noshukela egazini: Ucwaningo oluthile lubonisa ukuxhumana okungenzeka phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwe-lincosamide nokushintshashintsha koshukela egazini. Uma unesifo sikashukela, sicela uxoxe ngalokhu nodokotela wakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-Lincosamides angama-antibiotic anamandla asetshenziselwa ukutheleleka okukhulu kwamagciwane okungaphenduli ekwelashweni okujwayelekile.
- Landela ngokuqinile imiyalelo kadokotela wakho mayelana nomthamo kanye nokuqedwa kwenkambo ephelele yokwelashwa.
- Kungase kube nemiphumela emibi emincane efana nokuqaqamba noma isifo sohudo, kodwa funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma unendle enegazi, ukuphefumula okunzima, noma ukuqubuka okukhulu kwesikhumba.
- Hlala udalula umlando wakho wezokwelapha ogcwele kanye nemithi yamanje (ikakhulukazi isibindi, izinso, noma izimo ezihlobene namathumbu) kumhlinzeki wakho wezempilo.
- Ungalokothi wabelane ngalo muthi nabanye noma usebenzise imithi esele. Sebenzisa umuthi kuphela ngaphansi kwesiqondiso sochwepheshe bezokwelapha.
