Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unomkhuhlane noma isilonda esivuvukalayo, uma uya kudokotela, bakunikeza izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-antibiotic, akunjalo? Amanye afika ngesimo sama-capsule, amanye ayancibilika bese ethathwa, kanti amanye anikezwa njengomjovo. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngeqembu elikhethekile, elinamandla kancane lama-antibiotic. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi ama-lincosamides. Kungenzeka ukuthi awukaze uzwe ngaleli gama, kodwa udokotela kungenzeka ukuthi ukunikeze enye yalezi zinhlobo zemithi.
Kalula nje, ziyini lezi lincosamides?
Ama-Lincosamides ayisigaba sama-antibiotic, noma njengoba siwabiza kanjalo, ama-antibiotic. Cabanga ngawo njengenye isigaba semithi, njenge-penicillin. Asetshenziselwa ukwelapha
izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane . Khumbula, awasizi
emakhazeni nasemkhuhlaneni, okubangelwa amagciwane. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-lincosamides ezisetshenziswayo njengamanje.
- I-Clindamycin: Lena yi-lincosamide esetshenziswa kakhulu phakathi kwethu. Odokotela bayincoma ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa izifo zesikhumba , izinduna, nezinkinga zabesifazane .
- I-Lincomycin: Nakuba yayisetshenziswa esikhathini esidlule, manje ayisasetshenziswa kakhulu.
- I-Pirlimycin: Ayinikwa abantu, kodwa isetshenziswa kwezokwelapha izilwane ukwelapha izilwane.
Lo muthi ufakwa kanjani emzimbeni?
Indlela onikeza ngayo lo muthi izohluka kuye ngesimo sakho sezempilo. Ungayisebenzisa ngayinye yalezi ngendlela yayo.
| Indlela esetshenzisiwe | Incazelo elula |
|---|
| Umlomo | Thatha njengama-capsule, amaphilisi, noma uketshezi. |
| Ngokwezihloko | Ukufaka ukhilimu, ijeli, noma uketshezi ebusweni besikhumba (isb., ngenxa yezinduna). |
| Ngezinsini | Umjovo ehlombe noma esinqeni. |
| Nge-intravenous (IV) | Faka igazi. Le ndlela isetshenziswa ezimweni zokutheleleka okukhulu. |
| Ukufakwa esithweni sangasese sowesifazane (Ngaphakathi kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane) | Kusetshenziswa njengokhilimu noma iphilisi lokwelapha izifo zesitho sangasese sowesifazane. |
Yiziphi izinhlobo zokutheleleka eziphathwa ngama-lincosamides?
Lolu hlobo lwemithi luhlose ngqo izinhlobo ezimbili zamagciwane. 1.
Amabhaktheriya ane-gram-positive: Cabanga ngakho njenge-"Gram stain". Leli yiqembu lamabhaktheriya anombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka/onsomi futhi anodonga olukhethekile lweseli. 2.
Amabhaktheriya angenawo umoya: Lawa akhethekile kakhulu. Ngoba angaphila futhi akhule
ngisho nasezindaweni lapho kungekho khona umoya-mpilo . Isibonelo, angatholakala emanxebeni ajulile, azungeze izinsini, kanye nasesiswini esijulile. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, odokotela bavame ukuncoma lolu hlobo lomuthi ezimweni ezifana nalezi:
- Ukutheleleka kwesikhumba nezicubu ezithambile: Ukutheleleka kwesikhumba okufana namathumba kanye ne-cellulitis.
- Ukutheleleka kwe-MRSA: ` I-Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) engamelana ne-Methicillin iyibhaktheriya elibi kakhulu elimelana nama-antibiotic amaningi. Ama-Lincosamides avame ukusetshenziswa ukuyelapha.
- Ukutheleleka komlomo namazinyo: Ukutheleleka okukhulu kwezinsini nezimpande zamazinyo.
- Ukutheleleka kwabesifazane: Kwezinto ezifana nesifo sokuvuvukala kwe-pelvic (PID).
- Ithumba lamaphaphu: Isimo lapho kwakheka khona amaqhubu afana nobomvu ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu.
- Ukutheleleka ngegazi: Izimo ezimbi kakhulu ezibangelwa amagciwane angena egazini, njenge-septicemia.
- I-acne enzima: Ezimweni ze-acne ezinzima ezingaphenduli ekwelashweni okuvamile.
- Amanxeba ajulile esiswini: Misa ukusabalala kokutheleleka ezimweni zokulimala esiswini, njengezilonda zokugwazwa.
- Kubantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculazi abane-pneumonia nesifo senhliziyoLokhu kusetshenziselwa nokuvimbela i-endocarditis.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lo muthi usetshenziselwa izifo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezingathi sína ezingasabelanga kwamanye ama-antibiotic alula.
Lomuthi usebenza kanjani?
Kulula kakhulu. Ukuze amabhaktheriya akhule futhi asakazeke, kudingeka enze amaprotheni. Lokho okwenziwa ama-lincosamides
ukuvimba amabhaktheriya ekwenzeni lawa maphrotheni . Kufana nokususa usimende lapho wakha indlu. Uma amabhaktheriya engakwazi ukwenza amaprotheni, awakwazi ukukhula, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ayafa. Ngakho-ke lo muthi unamandla okuvimba ukukhula kwamabhaktheriya (bacteriostatic) kanye nekhono lokubhubhisa ngokuphelele amabhaktheriya (bactericidal).
Yimiphi imiphumela emibi engaba khona?
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, ama-lincosamides angabangela imiphumela emibi, kanti izinkinga zokugaya ukudla yizona ezivame kakhulu.
Imiphumela emibi evamile Izimpawu ezimbi okufanele zibikwe kudokotela ngokushesha
| Uhlobo lomphumela ongemuhle | Izici |
|---|
| Izinkinga zesistimu yokugaya ukudla | Ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu nokuhlanza, isifo sohudo (ukuqunjelwa). |
| Ezinye izifo ezincane | Isiyezi , ukukhathala, uketshezi oluphuma esithweni sangasese sowesifazane noma ukulunywa. |
| Uhudo olubi kakhulu | Uhudo olunegazi noma oluningi kakhulu. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumula (i-Dyspnea) | Ukuphefumula kanzima noma umuzwa wokuqina esifubeni. |
| Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba | Ukuqubuka, amabhamuza, noma ukulunywa okusakazeka emzimbeni wonke. |
| Ubunzima bokugwinya (i-Dysphagia) | Ukuzwa ukuqina noma ubuhlungu emphinjeni lapho ugwinya ukudla noma isiphuzo. |
| I-Jaundice | Ukuphuzi kwamehlo nesikhumba. |
Ingabe zikhona izingozi ezinkulu?
Yebo, nakuba kungavamile, kunezingozi ezinkulu ezingase zenzeke ngalo muthi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzazi lezi.
- I-Pseudomembranous colitis: Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu esihlotshaniswa nama-lincosamides. Lo muthi ubhubhisa amabhaktheriya amahle emathunjini futhi uvumela ukukhula kwebhaktheriya elibi elibizwa ngokuthi i-Clostridium difficile. Lokhu kungabangela uhudo olunzima, olunegazi, umkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu besisu.
- I-Anaphylaxis: Ukusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba okungaba yingozi empilweni.
- I-Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS): Lokhu kuyisimo esibi kakhulu, esisongela ngisho nokuphila. Isikhumba siyaqhuma futhi siqhekeke, njengokungathi sishisiwe.
- Ukulimala kwesibindi noma kwezinso.
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ezinkulu, yeka ukuthatha imithi bese ubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha . Uma kudingeka, ungangabazi ukuya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU).
Izinto okufanele uzikhumbule uma usebenzisa lo muthi
- Omama abakhulelwe nabancelisayo: Uma ukhulelwe, uzama ukukhulelwa, noma uncelisa, kufanele utshele udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha lo muthi.
- Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha: Uma unezifo zesibindi, izinso, noma zamathumbu (isib. isifo sikaCrohn ), yazisa udokotela wakho ngalokho futhi.
- Eminye imithi: Tshela udokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi eminye imithi oyithathayo, ikakhulukazi eminye imithi elwa namagciwane. Eminye imithi ingasebenzisana.
- Isilinganiso: Thatha umuthi njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele, isikhathi sonke. Ungayeki ukuthatha umuthi ngoba nje izimpawu zakho seziphelile. Ukwenza kanjalo kungabangela ukuthi ukutheleleka kubuye.
- Isifo sikashukela kanye noshukela egazini: Ucwaningo oluthile lubonise ukuthi kungase kube nokuxhumana phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwe-lincosamide kanye nengozi yesifo sikashukela. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akukaqiniseki okwamanje. Uma unesifo sikashukela, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu futhi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-Lincosamides ayisigaba sama-antibiotic anamandla asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezinkulu ezingamelani nokwelashwa okuvamile.
- Kubalulekile ukuthatha umthamo onqunyiwe wesikhathi esinqunyiwe njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho. Qedela inkambo yemithi noma ngabe izimpawu zakho ziyancipha.
- Imiphumela emibi emincane efana nobuhlungu besisu kanye nesifo sohudo ingase ivele. Kodwa-ke, uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nesifo sohudo esinegazi, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ukuqubuka kwesikhumba okukhulu, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
- Tshela udokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi eminye imithi oyiphuzayo kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izimo zezokwelapha onazo (ikakhulukazi izinkinga zesibindi, izinso, noma zamathumbu) ngaphambi kokukunikeza imithi.
- Ungabelani ngalo muthi nanoma ubani omunye noma usebenzise noma yimuphi umuthi osele. Njalo sebenzisa kuphela njengoba udokotela wakho ekuyalile.
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