Ake sifunde kabanzi ngezifo zesibindi. Lokhu kubalulekile nakuwe!

Wake wezwa ngezimpukane zesibindi? Ungase ucabange, 'O, angikwazi ukuzithola.' Kodwa ezinye izinto esizenzayo ngaphandle kokuqaphela ukuthi zingabangela lezi zimo. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi ziyini izimpukane zesibindi, ukuthi zingena kanjani emzimbeni, nokuthi singazivikela kanjani.

Kuyini i-Liver Fluke?

Kalula nje, ama-liver fluke ayizimpethu ezidla amagciwane . Ahlala emizimbeni yethu futhi amunca izakhamzimba zethu. Kufana nokuthi angena nje ekhaya lakho engamenywanga futhi adla konke ukudla neziphuzo endlini. Ama-liver fluke angalimaza isibindi sakho, inyongo, kanye nemisele yenyongo . Izindlela eziyinhloko ezingena ngazo emzimbeni wakho ukudla izinhlanzi ezingaphekiwe noma ezingaphekiwe kahle, izitshalo zasemanzini (ikakhulukazi i-watercress), noma ukuphuza amanzi angcolile. Angathinta izilwane zasemapulazini njengezinkomo nezimbuzi, kanye nezilwane ezifuywayo njengezinja namakati.

Nakuba lezi zibungu zingabulali ngokuqondile, zingaphila emzimbeni wakho isikhathi eside . Ukutheleleka okungapheli okufana nalokhu kungabangela ukuvuvukala kwesibindi futhi kulimaze izitho zomzimba. Kwezinye izimo, lesi simo singaholela ngisho nasezifweni eziyingozi njengomdlavuza.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezikelemu zesibindi?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningana zezimpukane zesibindi ezithinta abantu. Sikhuluma kakhulu ngezinhlobo ezintathu:

• I-Clonorchis sinensis: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokutheleleka kwesibindi. Ukutheleleka okubangelwa yilolu hlobo kubizwa ngokuthi i-clonorchiasis .
• I-Opisthorchis: Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zalesi silwanyana esithinta abantu. Yi-O. viverrini (i-Southeast Asian liver fluke) kanye ne-O. felineus (i-feline liver fluke). I-O. viverrini uhlobo lwesibili oluvame kakhulu olubangela ukutheleleka kwe-liver fluke. Ukutheleleka okubangelwa yilezi zinhlobo kubizwa ngokuthi i-opisthorchiasis .
• I-Fasciola: Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zalokhu, i-F. hepatica kanye ne-F. gigantica, ezingathelela abantu. Lezi zifo zibizwa ngokuthi i-fascioliasis . Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lwe-Fasciola luvame kakhulu ezilwaneni zasemapulazini kunakubantu.

Ziyini izimpawu zokutheleleka kwesibindi ngezikelemu?

Manje cishe ucabanga ukuthi, 'Kulungile, ngingazi kanjani ukuthi nginalokhu?' Kunezimpawu ezivamile ezivame kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokutheleleka kwesibindi. Lezi yizi:

• Isicanucanu
• Ukuhlanza
• Ubuhlungu besisu noma ukuzwela
• Uhudo
• Ukuqunjelwa
• Imfiva
• Ukuzizwa ubanda (Ukugodola)
• Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya)
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Ama-lymph node avuvukele
• Amalunga abuhlungu

Okubalulekile, abanye abantu bangase bangabi nazimpawu nhlobo, noma bangase bangazinaki kakhulu izimpawu uma benazo.

Lezi zibungu zesibindi zingena kanjani emzimbeni?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi lezi zibungu zingena kanjani emizimbeni yethu. Izibungu ze-Opisthorchis kanye ne-C. sinensis worms zihlala ngesimo sezibungu ezigcwele uketshezi emizimbeni yezinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile. Izibungu ze-Fasciola worms zingatholakala zintanta emanzini noma zifakwe ezitshalweni zasemanzini njengezimbali zamanzi.

Ngakho-ke, uthola lesi sifo sezibungu uma udla into enalezi zibungu ezithelelekile. Uma lezi zibungu zingena emgudwini wakho wokugaya ukudla , ziyavuleka bese izibungu ziphuma. Bese lezi zibungu ziya esibindini sakho, enyongweni, kanye nasemiseleni yenyongo, lapho zikhula khona zibe izibungu ezinkulu.

Ngakho-ke, lokhu kusakazeka kanjani ngempela?

Ungathola ukutheleleka kwe-liver fluke ezintweni ezifana nalezi:

• Kukhona futhi ingozi yokudla inhlanzi eluhlaza noma engaphekiwe kahle. Kukhona futhi ingozi yokudla inhlanzi enosawoti omncane, ebhemayo, noma efakwe usawoti omncane.
• Ukudla i-watercress eluhlaza noma ezinye izitshalo zasemanzini (lezi zingase zibe nezibungu zezinambuzane).
• Ngokuphuza amanzi angcolile, angcolile noma ngokugwinya lawo manzi ngengozi.
• Ukudla imifino ehlanziwe ngamanzi angcolile, noma imifino ekhuliswe emanzini anjalo.

Ingabe lesi sifo siyathelelana?

Cha, ukutheleleka kwesibindi akuthelelani . Lokhu kusho ukuthi akuthelelani.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa lokhu?

Uma uhlala endaweni lapho kuvame khona izifo zesibindi, noma uke waya kwenye yazo, futhi uma usebenza nezilwane ezifana nezinkomo nezimbuzi, usengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo.

Zikuphi lezi zibungu zesibindi ezivame kakhulu?

Ama-liver flu adinga izimo ezithile zemvelo ukuze aphile futhi azale. Ngakho-ke, nakuba etholakala emhlabeni wonke, avame kakhulu ezindaweni ezithile kunakuwo wonke amazwe. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-liver flu atholakala ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba. Isibonelo, uhlobo lwe-'F. hepatica' lungatholakala cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. I-'C. sinensis' ivame emazweni afana neShayina, iNingizimu Korea, neVietnam. I-'O. viverrini' itholakala emazweni ase-Asia afana neThailand neLaos.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona uma zingelashwa?

Uma ukutheleleka kwe-liver fluke kungelashwa ngendlela efanele, izimo ezinjengalezi:

• Ukungondleki kahle
• Isibindi esikhulu (i-hepatomegaly)
• Ukulimala kwesibindi noma i-'fibrosis'
• Ukuvuvukala kwenyongo noma 'i-cholecystitis'
• Ukuvuvukala kwe-bile duct noma i-'cholangitis'
• Umdlavuza we-bile duct (i-cholangiocarcinoma)

Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa lezi zimpukane zesibindi zingahamba ziye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Isibonelo:

• I-Pancreas
• Amaphaphu
• Isikhumba
• Umgudu womchamo
• Amehlo
• Ubuchopho

Uyithola kanjani ngokunembile lesi sifo?

Ukuze athole ukuthi unesifo sesibindi, udokotela uzothatha isampula yendle bese ebheka izimuncagazi kuyo. Bangase bathathe amasampula ngaphezu kwesisodwa, ezinsukwini eziningana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangenza lezi zivivinyo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kuhlola ama-antibodies ngokumelene nama-parasite (okubizwa ngokuthi i-serology), ukusebenza kwesibindi, kanye nokwanda kohlobo lweseli olubizwa ngokuthi ama-eosinophils egazini. Ukwanda kwama-eosinophils kungaba uphawu lokutheleleka kwe-parasite.
• Ukuthwebula Izithombe: Nge-ultrasound, i-CT scan (i-computed tomography scan), noma i-MRI (i-magnetic resonance imaging), udokotela wakho angase akwazi ukubona izimpawu zokutheleleka kwesibindi (njenge-cysts).
• Ukuhlolwa kwesibindi: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ingxenye encane yezicubu esibindini bese uyihlola ukuze kutholakale izimpawu zezinambuzane.

Ngingaziqeda kanjani lezi zibungu zesibindi? (Ukwelashwa)

Odokotela belapha izifo zesibindi ngemithi yokulwa nezibungu . Ezinye izibonelo yilezi:

• I-Triclabendazole (lokhu kunikezwa ukutheleleka kwe-Fasciola)
• I-Praziquantel (Lokhu kunikezwa ekuthelelekeni kwe-Opisthorchis ne-Clonorchis)
• I-Albendazole (enikezwa futhi ekuthelelekeni kwe-Opisthorchis ne-Clonorchis)

Yini ongayilindela uma unesifo sesibindi?

Imithi yokulwa nezilokazane ethathwa isikhathi esifushane (cishe usuku olulodwa kuya kweziyisikhombisa) ingalapha izilokazane zesibindi. Kodwa-ke, uma ingelashwa, lezi zilokazane zesibindi zingahlala emzimbeni wakho iminyaka emihlanu kuya kwengamashumi amabili nanhlanu.Kodwa-ke, abantu abanokutheleleka okunjalo isikhathi eside bangaba nezinkinga ezinkulu zempilo, njengokulimala kwesibindi, inyongo kanye nemisele yenyongo.

Uzivimbela kanjani lezi zifo zesibindi?

Kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho yokuthola izifo zesibindi:

• Ungadli i-watercress nezinye izitshalo zasemanzini ziluhlaza.
• Ungayidli inhlanzi eluhlaza noma engaphekiwe kahle emanzini ahlanzekile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi inhlanzi ebhenyiwe, efakwe usawoti omncane, noma enosawoti omncane. Uma upheka inhlanzi, ipheke kuze kufike ezingeni lokushisa elinconywe yi-FDA (Food and Drug Administration).
• Geza imifino kahle, uyihlube, noma uyipheke kahle ngaphambi kokudla.
• Uma uhlala endaweni engenazo izinsiza zokuhlanzeka noma lapho ucabanga ukuthi amanzi angase angcoliswe khona, sebenzisa amanzi asemabhodleleni ukuze uwaphuze futhi upheke.
• Gwema ukufaka amanzi angase angcoliswe emlonyeni noma ekhaleni lakho, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifana namaxhaphozi, amachibi, noma amadlelo agcwele amanzi.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma unezimpawu zokutheleleka yi-liver fluke, ikakhulukazi uma uhlala endaweni lapho lezi zibungu zivame khona noma uke waya kuzo , qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela. Uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi udle noma uphuze into engcolile, noma ngabe kwakuyiminyaka edlule , tshela udokotela wakho .

Kufanele ngiye nini esibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha okukhulu?

Uma unalezi zimpawu ezinzima, hamba uye ekamelweni eliphuthumayo ngokushesha:

• Uma umkhuhlane ungaphezu kwama-Fahrenheit angu-103 (40 Celsius).
• Kulungile uma uhlanza kakhulu, noma uma unesifo sohudo.
• Uma kukhona ukudideka noma ukudideka.
• Uma isikhumba noma amehlo akho ephenduka aphuzi (i-jaundice).
• Uma unezimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni (isib. ukoma ngokweqile, ukuchama okuncane kakhulu, ubuthakathaka, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okwandayo).

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Uma ubona udokotela, ungase ukuthole kuwusizo ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• "Ngingawuthatha kanjani lo muthi?"
• "Kuzongithatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuba ngilulame?"
• "Sekuyisikhathi esingakanani nginalesi sifo?"
• "Ingabe ngithole umonakalo wesikhathi eside?"
• "Uyini umbono wami kulesi simo?"

Ingabe lezi ziqhumane zesibindi zivamile kubantu? Kungani zibizwa ngokuthi "iziqhumane zesibindi"?

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingu-50 emhlabeni wonke bangenwe uhlobo oluthile lwesifo sesibindi. Lokhu kutheleleka kuvame kakhulu ezingxenyeni zamazwe afana neShayina, iThailand, neRussia.

Kungani lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ``I-Liver Fluke``? ``I-Fluke`` isho ukuthiIgama elivamile elinikezwa uhlobo lwe-flatworm (`trematodes noma i-parasitic flatworm`). Abanye abantu bangase badidanise lokhu nohlobo lwe-flatfish, olubizwa nangokuthi 'i-fluke'. Lezi zibungu zibizwa ngokuthi 'i-liver flukes' ngoba zithinta isibindi.

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele sizithathe ekhaya kule ndaba?

Nakuba singavami ukuzwa ngezifo zesibindi eSri Lanka, kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, izigidi zabantu zingase zibe nazo, mhlawumbe zingazi. Uma uhlala endaweni lapho lezi zibungu zivame khona, noma uma uke waya kwenye, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela izimpawu zalesi sifo. Uma unezimpawu, noma uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi udle noma uphuze into engcolile, ungakhohlwa ukutshela udokotela wakho . Ngoba, uma lokhu kuqhubeka isikhathi eside, kungaholela ezifweni ezimbi, kodwa ngokuvamile kukhona ukwelashwa okusheshayo nokuphumelelayo. Ngakho-ke, uma unokungabaza noma izimpawu, kungcono ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.

` I-Liver fluke, Ukutheleleka kwezinambuzane, Isifo sesibindi, Ukudla izinhlanzi ezingaphekiwe, Izitshalo zasemanzini, Impilo