Ingabe umbono wakho ubuthakathaka kancane? Ake sifunde nge-Low Vision.

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi ukubona kwakho kubuthakathaka kancane? Mhlawumbe ngisho nangezibuko noma ama-contact lens, awukwazi ukubona izinto ngokucacile? Ingabe unenkinga yokwenza imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke, ukufunda incwadi, noma ukubuka i-TV? Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizoxoxa ngesihloko esingaba sibalulekile kuwe. Leso yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi "Ukubona Okuphansi".

Kuyini ngempela ukubona okuphansi?

Kalula nje, lesi yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi "Ukubona Okuphansi" esenzeka uma unokukhubazeka kokubona okungapheli . Lokhu kusho ukuthi asinakulungiswa ngokuphelele ngokugqoka izibuko, ukusebenzisa "ama-contact lens", noma ngisho nokuhlinzwa kwamehlo. Odokotela abaningi bamehlo bachaza lesi simo "Ukubona Okuphansi" njengezinga eliphakathi kuya kwelikhulu lokukhubazeka kokubona. Kuye ngokuthi ukukhubazeka kungakanani, kungaphazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke, njengokushayela noma ukufunda.

Cishe uke wezwa amagama anjengokuthi “ukubona kancane” noma “ukungaboni ngokusemthethweni.” Empeleni lezi izincazelo ezithile eziwela ngaphansi kwesihloko esibanzi esithi “ukubona okuphansi.” Kodwa futhi zinquma ukuthi uyafaneleka yini ukuthola imfundo ekhethekile noma izinsizakalo zokukhubazeka.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi, `(Ukubona Okuphansi)` akusho ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuphelele . Kukhona izinga elithile lokubona elisele. `(Izinsizakalo zokuvuselela umbono)` zikhona ukukusiza ukuthi usebenzise ngokugcwele lowo mbono osele. Uchwepheshe angakusiza ukuthi uthole `(izinsiza zokubona okuphansi)` ezikufanele futhi zikusize wenze impilo yakho ibe lula.

Ukubona okuphansi kulinganiswa kanjani ekuhlolweni kokubona okubukhali?

Enye yezindlela eziyinhloko esivame ukuzisebenzisa lapho sihlola amehlo ethu yi-"Snellen eye chart." Lokhu kulinganisa ukuthi ungayibona kanjani into eqhele ngamamitha angu-20. Kuthiwa umuntu obona kahle une-20/20. Lokho kusho ukuthi ungabona kahle uma useqhele ngamamitha angu-20.

Cabanga ukuthi umbono wakho ungama-20/70. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungabona okuthile okukude ngamamitha angu-20 umuntu ojwayelekile angakubona ekude ngamamitha angu-70. I-World Health Organization (WHO) ibiza leli zinga ngokuthi umbono ophansi omaphakathi. Umbono ongama-20/200 noma ngaphezulu ubhekwa njengombono ophansi kakhulu.

Kodwa ochwepheshe bamehlo ababheki nje kuphela leli nani. Kunezinye izivivinyo ezilinganisa insimu yakho yokubona, njengokuhlolwa kwensimu yokubona, ukuze kubonwe ukuthi ungabona kude kangakanani kunoma yiluphi uhlangothi. Uma insimu yakho yokubona ingu-20 degrees noma ngaphansi, lokho kubhekwa njengombono ophansi.

Okubalulekile: Abanye abantu banenkinga yokubona kahle, kodwa kungalungiswa ngezibuko, ama-contact lens, noma ukuhlinzwa. Uma umbono wakho uthuthuka ngemva kokwelashwa, awunayo inkinga yokubona kahle. Umbono ophansi yisimo esiqhubekayo ngisho noma ugqoke izibuko.

Yiziphi izimpawu zokubona okuphansi?

Ukubona okuphansi kungathinta wonke umuntu ngendlela ehlukile. Ungase ubhekane nezinto ezifana nalezi:

• Ukulahlekelwa umbono ophakathi: Ukungakwazi ukubona izinto ngqo phambi kwakho ngokucacile. Kufana nokuthi isikhungo sesithombe asicacile.
• Ukulahlekelwa umbono ongaphandle: Ukulahlekelwa umbono ozungeze amehlo, njengokubuka ngepayipi.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuqonda okujulile: Ukungakwazi ukwahlulela ngokunembile ibanga phakathi kwezinto. Lokhu kungaba nzima uma ukhuphuka noma wehla izitebhisi.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwela kokungafani: Ubunzima bokuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinto ezingemuva ezinemibala efanayo. Isibonelo, kungaba nzima ukuhlukanisa ubhatata omhlophe epuletini lelayisi elimhlophe.
• Ukulahlekelwa umbono ebusuku: Ukulahlekelwa umbono ezimweni zokukhanya okuncane ebusuku.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukumelana nokukhanya: Lapho amehlo eba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi ungaboni lutho uma uboniswa ekukhanyeni okukhulu .

Izinto ezinjengalezi zingabangela ukuthi ubhekane nobunzima empilweni yakho yansuku zonke:

• Ubunzima bokufunda izincwadi, amaphephandaba, nezinto efonini yakho.
• Ukungakwazi ukushayela .
• Ukuthola ubunzima bokusebenza nokupheka ekhishini.
• Ukuthola ubunzima bokufunda esikoleni nasekilasini.
• Ukungakwazi ukubona kahle uma ubuka i-TV noma amavidiyo.
• Ubunzima bokusebenzisa ikhompyutha .
• Ubunzima bokubona ubuso babantu .
• Kunzima ukuthola indlela yakho, ikakhulukazi uma uya ezindaweni ezintsha, ongazazi .

Izimpawu zokubona okuphansi ezinganeni ezincane

Uma ingane yakho ingaboni kahle, ingabonisa izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuhlala ungqubuzana nezinto .
• Babheka izinto eduze kakhulu nobuso babo .
• Ukuhlala ebheka noma ecwayiza .
• Ngihlala ngibheka ngeso elilodwa elivaliwe noma ngesandla sami .
• Kubonakala sengathi amehlo ami ayaphaphazela, angikwazi ukuwagcina endaweni eyodwa .
• Amehlo awakhombisi ohlangothini olufanayo .
• Ubukhulu bezingxenye ezimbili zeso , iris kanye nomfundi, buyahlukahluka .
• I -iris kanye ne-pupil zibonakala zimpunga noma zimhlophe .

Uma ubona izimpawu ezinjengalezi, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela.

Imiphumela emibi yokukhubazeka kokubona okungapheli

Ukuphila nokulahlekelwa umbono unomphela nakho kungabangela imiphumela emibi efana nalokhu:

• Ukuncipha komsebenzi womzimba nowomphakathi.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzimela noma umsebenzi .
• Isimo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Charles Bonnet syndrome" lapho ubona khona izinto ezingekho.
• Izinkinga zengqondo ezifana nokukhathazeka noma ukucindezeleka .

Yini ebangela lokhu kwehla kokubona?

Ukungaboni kahle kungabangelwa yizinto ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukugula, izingozi kanye nokukhubazeka kokuzalwa.

Ezinye zezizathu eziyinhloko ezivame ukubonakala yilezi:

• Ukuwohloka kwe-macular: Lesi yisimo lapho ulahlekelwa khona umbono wakho ophakathi kancane kancane. Ungase uqaphele ukufiphala noma indawo emnyama phakathi nendawo yokubona kwakho. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-50.
• Ama-Cataracts: Lesi futhi yisifo samehlo esivame ukwenzeka uma umuntu ekhula. Lokhu kuwukufiphala kwelensi yeso. Lokhu kungasuswa kaningi ngokuhlinzwa (ukuhlinzwa kwama-Cataract). Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke umuntu ongakwazi ukuhlinzwa.
• I-Glaucoma: Lesi yisifo esiqhubekayo esonakalisa inzwa yakho yokubona. Ekuqaleni sithinta umbono ongaphandle kanye nombono wasebusuku. Uma singelashwa kahle, umonakalo ongeke ulungiseke ungaba khona.
• I-retinopathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela: Lokhu kuyinkinga yesifo sikashukela lapho uketshezi luvuza khona emithanjeni yegazi esweni, okufaka ingcindezi ku-retina, engagcina iyilimaze.
• I-Retinopathy yokungavuthwa kahle: Izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi zelashwa kuma-incubator zingaba nemithambo yegazi engajwayelekile kuma-retina azo. Ezimweni ezimbalwa, lokhu kungabangela umonakalo ohlala njalo.
• I-Amblyopia / iso elivilaphayo: Lokhu kuyiphutha lokuzalwa. Iso elilodwa linombono ofiphele. Njengoba ubuchopho bomntwana bujwayela iso elihle futhi bungalinaki iso elibuthakathaka, lelo liso kancane kancane liqala ukushelela eceleni.

Ezinye izizathu zifaka:

• Amaphutha okubheka emuva: Lokhu kuthinta ukuma kweso, okubangela ukubona eduze noma ukubona kude. Nakuba lokhu kungalungiswa, kungaba kubi kakhulu uma kungelashwa.
• I-Trachoma: Lokhu ukutheleleka ngamagciwane. Amehlo angaba bomvu futhi alimale. Kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yokulahlekelwa ukubona emhlabeni, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka.
• I-Strabismus (amehlo angaqondile): Inkinga ngemisipha eshukumisa amehlo. Ngokuvamile iqala ebuntwaneni noma ebuntwaneni.
• I-Nystagmus:Lesi yisimo lapho amehlo enyakaza ngokushesha nangokungalawuleki, okwenza kube nzima ukugxila endaweni eyodwa. Kungaba khona lapho umuntu ezalwa noma kukhule kamuva ekuphileni.
• I-Retinitis pigmentosa: Leli yiqembu lezifo zamehlo ezizuzwe njengefa. I-retina iyayeka ukusebenza kahle. Ingabangelwa izinguquko ezihlukahlukene zofuzo.
• I-retinopathy ehambisana nomfutho wegazi ophezulu: Umfutho wegazi ophakeme isikhathi eside ungaphazamisa ukuhamba kwegazi ezithweni zomzimba, okuhlanganisa ne-retina. Ukulahlekelwa umbono kungaba uphawu lokuqala lwenkinga yokugeleza kwegazi.
• Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal: Isimo esingenabuhlungu kodwa esibucayi. I-retinal iyahlukana nezicubu zayo ezisekelayo. Ingabangela ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo, unomphela.
• Ukuwohloka kwamehlo: Inzwa ye-optic iya ngokuya iba buthaka. Lokhu kungabangelwa yizinto ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izingozi, izifo, kanye nezinkinga zokugeleza kwegazi.
• Ukulimala kwamehlo: Ukulimala okukhulu kwamehlo kungabangela umonakalo ohlala njalo, ikakhulukazi uma kungabonakali futhi kungaphathwa kahle. Qaphela uma uba nezinkinga zokubona ngemva kwengozi.
• Ukulimala kobuchopho: Ukulimala okukhulu ekhanda noma isifo sohlangothi kungalimaza ubuchopho futhi kuthinte umbono. Izimpawu ezifana nekhanda elibuhlungu kanye nesiyezi nazo zingavela, kanye nezinkinga zokubona.
• Ukuntuleka kweVithamini A: IVithamini A ibalulekile ekuboneni. Uma ungakutholi okwanele ekudleni kwakho, noma uma umzimba wakho ungakwazi ukumunca, ukubona kwakho kungase kuphazamiseke. Ukungaboni ebusuku kuyisibonakaliso sokuqala.
• Umdlavuza wamehlo: Zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza wamehlo azivamile, kodwa zingabangela ukulahlekelwa umbono. Ukwelashwa kokususa umdlavuza kungalimaza noma kususe izingxenye zeso, kubangele ukulahlekelwa umbono.

Ungayibona kanjani inkinga yokubona okuphansi?

Udokotela wamehlo angakuxilonga ukukhubazeka kokubona kwakho ngokwenza izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene zokubona. Uzokutshela ukuthi inkinga iyini, inzima kangakanani, nokuthi ingelashwa yini. Uma iphakathi kuya kwenzima, ingalungiseki, futhi ithinta kakhulu impilo yakho, khona-ke itholakala ngokuthi "Ukubona Okuphansi".

Ukuthola ukuxilongwa okunje kungaba yinto eqeda amandla, ikakhulukazi uma ubungazi ngomonakalo ongenakuguqulwa ekuboneni kwakho. Ungase ubhekane nokusabela okuhlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukushaqeka, ukudideka, ukungabi namandla, ukuphika, intukuthelo, nokudabuka. Konke lokhu kungokwemvelo.

Odokotela bamehlo baphatha kanjani ukubona okuphansi?

Uma ubona udokotela wamehlo ochwepheshe bokubona okuphansi, uzokunikeza ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okubizwa ngokuthi 'ukuhlolwa kokubona okuphansi.' Okokuqala, uzobhala umlando ophelele wempilo yamehlo akho, bese ekubuza ukuthi isimo sakho samanje sithinta kanjani impilo yakho.

Uyakubuza ukuthi ukubona okuphansi kukuthinta kanjani lezi zinto kuwe:

• Imisebenzi yesikole noma yomsebenzi.
• Ukufunda nokusebenzisa ikhompyutha.
• Ukushayela.
• Imisebenzi yasekhishini.
• Ukuqashelwa kobuso.
• Ikhono lokuhamba.
• Izinto zokuzilibazisa kanye nemisebenzi yokuzilibazisa.
• Isimo sengqondo kanye nokuphila komphakathi.

Udokotela uzohlola namehlo akho kanye nokubona kwakho ukuze ahlole noma yiziphi izinguquko esimweni sakho. Bazosebenzisa "amashadi okuhlola okuphansi" akhethekile ukuze balinganise ubukhali bakho bokubona.

Ungase futhi ufune ukuhlola lokhu:

• Insimu yombono.
• Umsebenzi wemisipha yamehlo.
• Ukuzwela kokukhanya.
• Ikhono lokuhlukanisa umbala (Ukuzwela kokungafani).
• Umbono wasebusuku.
• Ukubona imibala.
• Ukuqonda okujulile.
• Ikhono lokufunda.

Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yakho yokuhlolwa, uchwepheshe wokubona okuphansi uzokwakha uhlelo lokwelashwa oluqondene nawe olusekelwe ezinseleleni nasezidingweni zakho ezithile. Bazokunikeza izinsiza nezincomo zokukusiza ukuthi uvumelane futhi wandise ikhwalithi yempilo yakho.

Ukuvuselelwa Kombono

Ukwelashwa kokubona okuphansi kubizwa ngokuthi 'ukuvuselelwa kokubona'. Umgomo walokhu kwelashwa ukubuyisela umbono wakho ezingeni lawo elingcono kakhulu futhi kukusize uphile ngokuzimela ngangokunokwenzeka ngombono onawo. Lokhu kungafaka izinsiza ezahlukahlukene.

Uhlelo lwakho lungafaka:

Izinsiza kanye namadivayisi okubona okuphansi

Ungase uthole lokhu kuwusizo:

• Incwadi kadokotela yezibuko noma ama-contact lens.
• Izikhulisi ze-optical noma ama-telescope.
• Izikhulisi ze-elekthronikhi kanye nezifundi zesikrini.
• Imikhiqizo enamafonti amakhulu kanye nokugqama kombala okuphezulu.
• Ubuchwepheshe bokufunda ngezwi kuya kumbhalo kanye nomsindo.
• Amadivayisi asekhaya azwakalayo.

Ukuqeqeshwa okusebenzayo kanye nokusekelwa

Ungase futhi ukuthole kuwusizo lokhu:

• Ukwelapha ngokomsebenzi ukufunda ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke ngezindlela ezintsha.
• Uchwepheshe wokuhamba okusiza ukuthi ufunde ukuhambahamba.
• Umqeqeshi wokuvuselela ofundisa amakhono okuphila ngokuzimela.
• Imfundo ekhethekile noma izinsizakalo zomsebenzi.
• Ukwelulekwa noma ukwelashwa kwengqondo ukuze kulondolozwe impilo yengqondo.
• Amaqembu okusekela lapho ungaxhumana khona nabanye abaphila nombono ophansi.

Ngiphila kanjani nginombono ophansi?

Akuwona wonke umuntu ongaboni kahle ozofuna izinsizakalo zokuvuselela, kodwa abaningi bangazuza kakhulu kuzo. Kunezinsiza eziningi ezitholakalayo kubo, kusukela kumathuluzi asebenzayo, izeluleko, namasu kuya ezinhlelweni zokusekela umphakathi nezengqondo.

Ukuzivumelanisa nokukhubazeka akulula, kodwa kulula ukukwenza ngosizo lwabanye kunokuzama ukukwenza wedwa. Khumbula, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izinselele zakho, omunye umuntu uke wabhekana nazo ngaphambi kwakho. Abanye bathole izixazululo nezindlela zokubhekana nazo, futhi ungabelana ngazo nabo lezo zinto.

Ngingakwazi yini ukuvimbela ukulimala kwamehlo okungapheli?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukulimala kwamehlo unomphela ukuba nokuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo bese ubona udokotela ngokushesha uma ubona noma yini engavamile. Nakuba kungezona zonke izimbangela zokubona okuphansi ezingavinjelwa, eziningi zingelashwa uma zitholakala kusenesikhathi .

Kusho ukuthini ukuthi 'ukubona kancane'?

Iningi labantu lisebenzisa igama elithi "ukubona kancane" ngokukhululekile, ukusho umuntu onokukhubazeka okuthile kokubona. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lingasho okuthile okuqondile. Ezimweni ezinjalo, lingasho okuthile okufana "nokubona okuphansi okumaphakathi" (ukubona okulinganiselwe okungu-20/70 noma okubi nakakhulu).

Kwamanye amazwe, ungabhalisa kuhulumeni njengomuntu “ongaboni kahle” ukuze uthole izinzuzo ezithile. Uma unombono ophansi, uyafaneleka njengomuntu “ongaboni kahle.” Ngaphakathi kohlelo lwemfundo, “ongaboni kahle” kungasho ukuthi uyafaneleka ukuthola izinsizakalo zemfundo ekhethekile.

Nakuba kungaqala lapho umuntu ezalwa, ukubona kwabantu abaningi kuyawohloka kancane kancane – ngezinye izikhathi kancane kangangokuthi abakuqapheli. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumzali, umfundi, umuntu osebenzayo, noma osethathe umhlalaphansi, ukwamukela isiqiniseko sokulahlekelwa umbono kungaba nzima.

Akekho olungele impilo enombono ophansi, kodwa abantu abaningi ngaphambi kwakho sebezivumelanise ngempumelelo nayo futhi benze indlela eya phambili yacaca. Khumbula, awuwedwa - ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kochwepheshe kanye nomphakathi wakho bakhona ukukusiza ngolwazi lwabo.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Kulungile, manje usunomqondo omuhle ngalokho ebesikhuluma ngakho, ``(Umbono Ophansi)`` noma umbono ophansi. Nazi izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzikhumbule:

• Ukubona Okuphansi kuwukukhubazeka kokubona okungapheli okungelapheki ngokuphelele, ngisho nangezibuko noma ukuhlinzwa.
• Lokhu akusikho ubumpumputhe obuphelele. Kukhona umbono osele.
• Izimpawu zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Zingafaka phakathi ukwehla kokubona kwangaphambili, ukwehla kokubona okungaphandle, kanye nobunzima bokufunda.
• Kungaba nezimbangela eziningi. Lezi zifo zifaka phakathi izifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, i-cataracts, i-glaucoma, izingozi kanye nokukhubazeka kokuzalwa.
• Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokuphathwa okufanele kubalulekile. Ukubona udokotela wamehlo nokuthola izinsizakalo "zokuvuselelwa kombono" kungenza impilo ibe lula.
• Awuwedwa. Kukhona odokotela, abeluleki, kanye namaqembu okusekela angasiza.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi unenkinga yokubona efana nale, sicela ungesabi noma ungabi namahloni okubona udokotela wamehlo. Ukwenza izinto kusenesikhathi kungenza umehluko omkhulu empilweni yakho.

Ukubona , Ukubona Okuphansi, Izifo Zamehlo, Ukukhubazeka Kokubona, Ukubona Okuphansi, Ukuhlolwa Kwamehlo, Ukuvuselelwa Kokubona